I would like to thank a number of people who have contributed to this thesis in different ways.

First of all I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Prof. Dr. Felix Herzog, for his suggestion of the topic of this research, guidance, encouragement, help, support, valuable advice, and I appreciate his patience throughout the course of this research work, which have greatly contributed in shaping this research. I would also like to thank Prof. Dr. Detlef Krauß for his service as co-supervisor. I also wish to express my thanks to the staff members of the Law Faculty for their support. Special thanks to the teacher’s assistance, Mr. Isko Steffan and Mr. Roman Hamel.

I am deeply indebted to thank my wife, Dr. Eng. Arwa, for her support, encouragement and patience. Thanks must be given to soul of my brother, Zuhir God bless him, for his encouragement. I appreciate and thank my lovely son Yesar for lovely encouragement and patience over these years. Special thanks to my parents, my brothers, sisters and my friend for their help and support.

History and prospects of Islamic Criminal Law with respect to the Human Rights