A

Adenine

APS

Ammonium peroxodisulfate

ARF

Annual Rainfall

bp

Base pair

BLAST

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

BM

Bone marrow

BSA

Bovine serum albumin

C

Cytosine

CA

Central Asia

CE

Capillary Electrophoriesis

CL

Cutaneous leishmaniasis

DAT

Direct agglutination test

DCL

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis

ddH2O

Double distilled water

Dµ² (δµ²), Ddm

Delta mu squared

DNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid

dNTP

Deoxynucleotide triphosphate

DMSO

Dimethyl-sulfoxid

Dps

Proportion of shared alleles

EDTA

Ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid

fg

Femtogram

FP

Filter papers

Fis

In-breeding coefficient

Fst

F-statistic

G

Guanine

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

He

Expected heterozygosity

Ho

Observed heterozygosity

IMM

Infinite Allele Model

ITS

Internal transcribed spacer

K

Number of population

KZ

Khazakistan

Kbp

Kilo base-pair

KDNA

Kinetoplast DNA

MAJ

L. major

ME

Middle East indicating South West Asia

MCL

Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

MCMC

Markov chain Monte Carlo

MLEE

Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis

mRNA

Messenger RNA

mtDNA

Mitochondrial DNA

NNN

Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium

NW

New World

NJ

Neighbor-joining tree

NWA

North West Africa

OIF

Oil immersion field

OW

Old World

PBS

Phosphate buffered saline

PCR

Polymerase chain reaction

PAGE

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PKDL

Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis

pg

Picogram

PS

Palestine

RFLP

Ristriction fragment length polymorphism

RNA

Ribonucleic acid

RR

Relative risk

rRNA

Ribosomal RNA

RT-PCR

Reverse-transcriptase PCR

SDS

Sodium dodecyl sulphate

SMM

Stepwise Mutation Model

sp.

Species

ssU RNA

Small sub-unit RNA

T

Thymine

Taq

Thermus aquaticus

TBE

Tris borate EDTA

TE

Tris EDTA

TEMED

NNNN-Tetramethylene diamine

TM

Turkmenistan

U

Unit

U

Uracil

UPGMA

Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean

UV

Ultra violet

UZ

Usbekistan

VL

Visceral leishmaniasis

WHO

World Health Organization

X

Arithmatic mean