[1](1999): Tierschutzbericht der Bundesregierung, Bonn, BMELF

[2]Hierholzer, K. (1982): Value and necessity of animal research in nephrology, Expl Biol Med 7, Seite 88-101.

[3]Russell, W und Burch, R (1959): The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Methuen, London.

[4](1986): Richtlinie 86/609/EWG des Rates vom 24. November 1986 zur Annäherung der Rechts- und Verwaltungsvorschriften der Mitgliedstaaten zum Schutz der für Versuche und andere wissenschaftliche Zwecke verwendeten Tiere, ABl. EG Nr. L 358, Europäische Kommission, 1

[5]Schurek, H. J. (1980): Application of the isolated perfused rat kidney in nephrology, Contrib Nephrol 19, Seite 176-90.

[6]Haab, F.; Julia, P.; Nochy, D. und Cambillau, M. (1996): Improvement of postischemic renal function by limitation of initial reperfusion pressure, J Urol 155, Seite 1089-1093.

[7]Wilson, SK; Steinsland, OS und Nelson, SH (1994): Isolated, perfused rabbit ear artery: a model for studying segmental vasoconstriction and dilatation., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 23 [1], Seite 127-35.

[8]Brezis, M.; Shina, A.; Kidroni, G.; Epstein, F. H. und Rosen, S. (1988): Calcium and hypoxic injury in the renal medulla of the perfused rat kidney, Kidney Int 34 [2], Seite 186-94.

[9]Gabbai, F. B.; Peterson, O. W.; Khang, S.; Wilson, C. B. und Blantz, R. C. (1994): Glomerular hemodynamics in cell-free and erythrocyte-perfused isolated rat kidney, Am J Physiol 267 [3 Pt 2], Seite F423-7.

[10]Baeyer, H.v.; Stahl, K.; Häussler, M.; Meissner, M. und Unger, V. (1997): Eine neue Methode zur ex-vivo-Vollblut-Perfusion isolierter Warmblüterorgane, dargestellt an der Niere von Schweinen, Biomedizinische Technik 42, Seite 61-68.

[11]Breimer, M. E.; Svalander, C. T.; Haraldsson, B. und Bjorck, S. (1996): Physiological and histological characterisation of a pig kidney in vitro perfusion model for xenotransplantation studies, Scand J Urol Nephrol 30 [3], Seite 213-21.

[12]Bastron, R. D. und Kaloyanides, G. J. (1972): Effect of sodium nitroprusside on function in the isolated and intact dog kidney, J Pharmacol Exp Ther 181 [2], Seite 244-9.

[13]Henry, M. L.; Bendle, M. D. und Ferguson, R. M. (1994): Leukocyte inhibition and ex vivo whole blood xenoperfusion, Transplant Proc 26 [3], Seite 1311.

[14]Abouna, G. M.; Delong, T. G.; Pashley, D. H.; Sobel, R. E.; Ginsburg, J. M. und Woodruff, M. (1974): Proceedings: Critical evaluation of viability assays in renal preservation, Br J Surg 61 [4], Seite 325.

[15]Brezis, M; Rosen, S; Silva, P und Epstein, FH (1984): Selective vulnerability of the medullary thick ascending limb to anoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney., J Clin Invest 73 [1], Seite 182-90.

[16]Dittrich, S.; Schuth, A.; von Baeyer, H.; Grosse-Siestrup, C.; Lange, P. E. und Kaczmarczyk, G. (1998): Effect of blood viscosity on the function of isolated perfused porcine kidney after cold preservation, Zentralbl Chir 123 [7], Seite 809-13.

[17]Puskas, J. D.; Oka, T.; Mayer, E.; Wisser, W.; Downey, G. P.; Slutsky, A. S. und Patterson, G. A. (1994): Hemodilution reduces early reperfusion injury in an ex vivo rabbit lung preservation model, Ann Thorac Surg 57 [3], Seite 731-5.

[18]Hierholzer, K und Fromm, M (1995): Funktionen der Nieren, Physiologie des Menschen, 26. Auflage, Seite 737-776, Springer, Berlin.

[19]Shapiro, J. I.; Cheung, C.; Itabashi, A.; Chan, L. und Schrier, R. W. (1985): The effect of verapamil on renal function after warm and cold ischemia in the isolated perfused rat kidney, Transplantation 40 [6], Seite 596-600.

[20]Malis, C. D.; Cheung, J. Y.; Leaf, A. und Bonventre, J. V. (1983): Effects of verapamil in models of ischemic acute renal failure in the rat, Am J Physiol 245 [6], Seite F735-42.

[21]Loutzenhiser, R. D. und Epstein, M. (1987): Renal hemodynamic effects of calcium antagonists, Am J Med 82 [3b], Seite 23-8.

[22]Radermacher, J.; Forstermann, U. und Frolich, J. C. (1990): Endothelium-derived relaxing factor influences renal vascular resistance, Am J Physiol 259 [1 Pt 2], Seite F9-17.

[23]Raafat, AM; Murray, MT; McGuire, T; De, Frain M; Franko, AP; Zafar, RS; Palmer, K; Diebel, L und Dulchavsky, SA (1997): Calcium blockade reduces renal apoptosis during ischemia reperfusion., Shock 8 [3], Seite 186-92.

[24]Toronyi, E; Hamar, J; Perner, F und Szende, B (1999): Prevention of apoptosis reperfusion renal injury by calcium channel blockers., Exp Toxicol Pathol 51 [3], Seite 209-12.

[25]Collins, GM; Hartley, LC und Clunie, GJ (1971): Kidney preservation for transportation. 5. Comparison of perfusates for hypothermic storage., Med J Aust 1 [22], Seite 1171-2.

[26]Hauet, T.; Mothes, D.; Goujon, J.; Germonville, T.; Caritez, J. C.; Carretier, M.; Eugene, M. und Tillement, J. (1998): Trimetazidine reverses deleterious effects of ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated perfused pig kidney model, Nephron 80 [3], Seite 296-304.

[27]Pathi, V. L.; Morrison, J.; MacPhaden, A.; Martin, W.; McQuiston, A. M. und Wheatley, D. J. (1998): Alterations in renal microcirculation during cardiopulmonary bypass, Ann Thorac Surg 65 [4], Seite 993-8.

[28]Grossman, E.; Ironi, A. N. und Messerli, F. H. (1998): Comparative tolerability profile of hypertensive crisis treatments, Drug Saf 19 [2], Seite 99-122.

[29]Robinson, BF; Collier, JG und Dobbs, RJ (1979): Comparative dilator effect of verapamil and sodium nitroprusside in forearm arterial bed and dorsal hand veins in man: functional differences between vascular smooth muscle in arterioles and veins., Cardiovasc Res 13 [1], Seite 16-21.

[30]Lu, M.; Giebisch, G. und Wang, W. (1997): Nitric oxide-induced hyperpolarization stimulates low-conductance Na+ channel of rat CCD, Am J Physiol 272 [4 Pt 2], Seite F498-504.

[31]Leighton, K. M.; Bruce, C. und MacLeod, B. A. (1977): Sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension and renal blood flow, Can Anaesth Soc J 24 [6], Seite 637-40.

[32]Conger, J. D.; Schultz, M. F.; Miller, F. und Robinette, J. B. (1994): Responses to hemorrhagic arterial pressure reduction in different ischemic renal failure models, Kidney Int 46 [2], Seite 318-23.

[33]Nihei, H; Higuchi, C und Sanaka, T (1991): Experimental models of acute renal failure, Nippon Rinsho 49 [6], Seite 1239-43.

[34]Kaufmann, MA; Pargger, H; Castelli, I; Steiner, LA und Drop, LJ (1996): Renal vascular responses to high and low ionized calcium: influence of norepinephrine in the isolated perfused rat kidney., J Trauma 40 [1], Seite 110-5.

[35]Epstein, M und Loutzenhiser, RD (1992): Calcium antagonists and the kidney., Tohoku J Exp Med 166 [1], Seite 123-34.

[36]Koch, T; Heller, S; van, Ackern K; Schiefer, HG und Neuhof, H (1996): Impairment of bacterial clearance induced by norepinephrine infusion in rabbits., Intensive Care Med 22 [7], Seite 637-43.

[37]Jancaewska, H und Herbacaynska-Cedro, K (1977): Effect of indomethacin on the responses of resistance and capacitance vessels to noradrenaline in working skeletal muscles in the dog (1) (2). Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 227 [1], Seite 49-56.

[38]Grega, GJ und Adamski, SW (1987): Patterns of constriction produced by vasoactive agents., Fed Proc 46 [2], Seite 270-5.

[39]Lieberthal, W.; Wolf, E. F.; Rennke, H. G.; Valeri, C. R. und Levinsky, N. G. (1989): Renal ischemia and reperfusion impair endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, Am J Physiol 256 [5 Pt 2], Seite F894-900.

[40]Linas, S.; Whittenburg, D. und Repine, J. E. (1997): Nitric oxide prevents neutrophil-mediated acute renal failure, Am J Physiol 272 [1 Pt 2], Seite F48-54.

[41]Romeis, B. und Böck, P. (1989): Mikroskopische Technik, 17. nachbearbeitete Auflage. Auflage, Urban und Schwarzenberg, München.

[42]Heyman, S. N.; Rosen, S. und Brezis, M. (1997): The renal medulla: life at the edge of anoxia, Blood Purif 15 [4-6], Seite 232-42.

[43]Kleinknecht, C und Laouari, D (1983): Nutritional factors in the development of experimental renal failure, Sem Hop 59 [19], Seite 1449-51.

[44]Wendt, M; Bickhardt, K; Herzog, A; Fischer, A; Martens, H und Richter, T (2000): Porcine stress syndrome and PSE meat: clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, etiology and animal rights aspects, Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr 113 [5], Seite 173-90.

[45]Bonventre, J. V. und Weinberg, J. M. (1992): Kidney preservation ex vivo for transplantation, Annu Rev Med 43, Seite 523-53.

[46]Lieberthal, W; Rennke, HG; Sandock, KM; Valeri, CR und Levinsky, NG (1988): Ischemia in the isolated erythrocyte-perfused rat kidney. Protective effect of hypothermia., Ren Physiol Biochem 11 [1-2], Seite 60-9.

[47]Martin, X.; Da Silva, M.; Virieux, R. S.; Daher, I.; Hadj-Aissa, A.; Buffet, R.; Tiollier, J.; Zheng, S.; Guttmann, R. und Dubernard, J. M. (1997): Autotransplantation of the kidney in primates: a model of renal damage to study the ischemia-reperfusion injury, Transplant Proc 29 [8], Seite 3428-9.

[48]Hauet, T.; Mothes, D.; Goujon, J. M.; Caritez, J. C.; Carretier, M. und Eugene, M. (1997): Evaluation of injury preservation in pig kidney cold storage by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of urine, J Urol 157 [3], Seite 1155-60.

[49]Maessen, J. G.; van der Vusse, G. J.; Vork, M. und Kootstra, G. (1989): The beneficial effect of intermediate normothermic perfusion during cold storage of ischemically injured kidneys. A study of renal nucleotide homeostasis during hypothermia in the dog, Transplantation 47 [3], Seite 409-14.

[50]Abdullah, NA; Assem, ES und Damerau, B (1988): Anaphylatoxin-induced release of histamine from in vitro perfused guinea pig kidney., Agents Actions 23 [3-4], Seite 181-4.

[51]Healing, G.; Gower, J.; Fuller, B. und Green, C. (1990): Intracellular iron redistribution. An important determinant of reperfusion damage to rabbit kidneys, Biochem Pharmacol 39 [7], Seite 1239-45.

[52]Hughes, JD; Chen, C; Mattar, SG; Someren, A; Noe, B; Suwyn, CR und Lumsden, AB (1996): Normothermic renal artery perfusion: a comparison of perfusates., Ann Vasc Surg 10 [2], Seite 123-30.

[53]Weight, S. C.; Bell, P. R. und Nicholson, M. L. (1996): Renal ischaemia--reperfusion injury, Br J Surg 83 [2], Seite 162-70.

[54]Paller, M. S. (1992): Free radical-mediated postischemic injury in renal transplantation, Ren Fail 14 [3], Seite 257-60.

[55]Yu, L.; Gengaro, P. E.; Niederberger, M.; Burke, T. J. und Schrier, R. W. (1994): Nitric oxide: a mediator in rat tubular hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 91 [5], Seite 1691-5.

[56]Peer, G.; Blum, M. und Iaina, A. (1996): Nitric oxide and acute renal failure [editorial] [see comments], Nephron 73 [3], Seite 375-81.

[57]Gurbanov, K; Winaver, J; Haramati, A und Hoffman, A (1995): Renal effects of big endothelin-1 in experimental congestive heart failure., J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 26 Suppl 3, Seite S473-5.

[58]Cossins, AR und Kilbey, RV (1990): The temperature dependence of the adrenergic Na+/H+ exchanger of trout erythrocytes., J Exp Biol 148, Seite 303-12.

[59]Persson, PB (1997): Physiological regulation of renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate by the endothelium and smooth muscle., Blood Purif 15 [4-6], Seite 219-27.

[60]Navar, LG (1978): Renal autoregulation: perspectives from whole kidney and single nephron studies., Am J Physiol 234 [5], Seite F357-70.

[61]Bello-Reuss, E; Pastoriza-Munoz, E und Colindres, RE (1977): Acute unilateral renal denervation in rats with extracellular volume expansion., Am J Physiol 232 [1], Seite F26-32.

[62]Adams, PL; Adams, FF; Bell, PD und Navar, LG (1980): Impaired renal blood flow autoregulation in ischemic acute renal failure., Kidney Int 18 [1], Seite 68-76.

[63]Kelleher, S. P.; Robinette, J. B. und Conger, J. D. (1984): Sympathetic nervous system in the loss of autoregulation in acute renal failure, Am J Physiol 246 [4 Pt 2], Seite F379-86.

[64]Williams, RH; Thomas, CE; Navar, LG und Evan, AP (1981): Hemodynamic and single nephron function during the maintenance phase of ischemic acute renal failure in the dog., Kidney Int 19 [4], Seite 503-15.

[65]Cohen, AJ und Fray, JC (1982): Calcium ion dependence of myogenic renal plasma flow autoregulation: evidence from the isolated perfused rat kidney., J Physiol (Lond) 330, Seite 449-60.

[66]Ochwadt, B. (1961): Relation to renal blood supply to diuresis, Prog Cardiovasc Dis 3, Seite 501.

[67]Bayliss, WM (1902): On the local reaction of the arterial wall to changes of internal pressure, J Physiol 28:220-31.

[68]Casellas, D und Moore, LC (1990): Autoregulation and tubuloglomerular feedback in juxtamedullary glomerular arterioles., Am J Physiol 258 [3 Pt 2], Seite F660-9.

[69]Johnson, PC (1986): Autoregulation of blood flow., Circ Res 59 [5], Seite 483-95.

[70]Herold, G (1997): Innere Medizin : eine vorlesungsorientierte Darstellung; unter Berücksichtigung des Gegenstandskatalogs für die ärztliche Prüfung, Herold, Köln.

[71]Kirklin, J. K. und McGiffin, D. C. (1987): Early complications following cardiac surgery, Cardiovasc Clin 17 [3], Seite 321-43.

[72]Homer-Vanniasinkam, S.; Crinnion, J. N. und Gough, M. J. (1997): Post-ischaemic organ dysfunction: a review, Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 14 [3], Seite 195-203.

[73]Kolb, E (1967): Lehrbuch der Physiologie der Haustiere, Fischer, Jena.

[74]Deetjen, P. und Kramer, K. (1961): Die Abhängigkeit des O2-Verbrauches der Niere von der Na-Rückresorption, Pflügers Archiv 273, Seite 636-650.

[75]Kelly, RJ und Burks, TF (1974): Relative vasoconstrictor potencies of norepinephrine, alpha-methylnorepinephrine and octopamine., Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 208 [2], Seite 306-16.

[76]Nogae, S; Miyazaki, M; Kobayashi, N; Saito, T; Abe, K; Saito, H; Nakane, PK; Nakanishi, Y und Koji, T (1998): Induction of apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion model of mouse kidney: possible involvement of Fas., J Am Soc Nephrol 9 [4], Seite 620-31.

[77]Daemen, MA; de, Vries B; van't, Veer C; Wolfs, TG und Buurman, WA (2001): Apoptosis and chemokine induction after renal ischemia-reperfusion., Transplantation 71 [7], Seite 1007-11.

[78]Martinez-Mier, G; Toledo-Pereyra, LH; Bussell, S; Gauvin, J; Vercruysse, G; Arab, A; Harkema, JR; Jordan, JA und Ward, PA (2000): Nitric oxide diminishes apoptosis and p53 gene expression after renal ischemia and reperfusion injury., Transplantation 70 [10], Seite 1431-7.

[79]Kelleher, S. P.; Robinette, J. B.; Miller, F. und Conger, J. D. (1987): Effect of hemorrhagic reduction in blood pressure on recovery from acute renal failure, Kidney Int 31 [3], Seite 725-30.

[80]Taugner, R und Hackenthal, E (1989): The Juxtaglomerular Apparatus, Springer, Berlin.

[81]Casellas, D und Moore, LC (1993): Autoregulation of intravascular pressure in preglomerular juxtamedullary vessels., Am J Physiol 264 [2 Pt 2], Seite F315-21.

[82]Ito, S und Ren, Y (1993): Evidence for the role of nitric oxide in macula densa control of glomerular hemodynamics., J Clin Invest 92 [2], Seite 1093-8.

[83]Navar, LG; Inscho, EW; Majid, SA; Imig, JD; Harrison-Bernard, LM und Mitchell, KD (1996): Paracrine regulation of the renal microcirculation., Physiol Rev 76 [2], Seite 425-536.

[84]Hansen, PB; Jensen, BL; Andreasen, D und Skott, O (2001): Differential expression of T- and L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels in renal resistance vessels., Circ Res 89 [7], Seite 630-8.

[85]Michenfelder, J. D. (1977): Cyanide release from sodium nitroprusside in the dog, Anesthesiology 46 [3], Seite 196-201.

[86]Kunathai, S; Sholler, GF; Celermajer, JM; O'Halloran, M; Cartmill, TB und Nunn, GR (1989): Nitroprusside in children after cardiopulmonary bypass: a study of thiocyanate toxicity., Pediatr Cardiol 10 [3], Seite 121-4.

[87]Imig, JD und Roman, RJ (1992): Nitric oxide modulates vascular tone in preglomerular arterioles., Hypertension 19 [6 Pt 2], Seite 770-4.

[88]Ortiz, PA und Garvin, JL (2001): NO Inhibits NaCl absorption by rat thick ascending limb through activation of cGMP-stimulated phosphodiesterase., Hypertension 37 [2 Part 2], Seite 467-71.

[89]Seghaye, M. C.; Duchateau, J.; Grabitz, R. G.; Wolff, T.; Marcus, C.; Engelhardt, W.; Hornchen, H.; Messmer, B. J. und von Bernuth, G. (1996): Effect of sodium nitroprusside on complement activation induced by cardiopulmonary bypass: a clinical and experimental study, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 111 [4], Seite 882-92.

[90]Casellas, D. und Mimran, A. (1981): Shunting in renal microvasculature of the rat: a scanning electron microscopic study of corrosion casts, Anat Rec 201 [2], Seite 237-48.

[91]Ludwig, C (1869): Arbeiten aus dem Physiologischen Institut zu Leipzig 113.

[92]Casellas, D. und Mimran, A. (1979): Aglomerular pathways in intrarenal microvasculature of aged rats, Am J Anat 156 [2], Seite 293-9.