Präattentive und bewußte Verarbeitung rektaler Stimuli bei Gesunden und bei Reizdarmpatienten – eine fMRI-StudieDominik Bach1122232.1452.26782.3910111002#63212132.414152.52.6162.7171833.11819630#4743.23.2.13.2.2203.2.33.2.42122233.33.3.13.3.22425262728618#2433.4293.4.1303.4.23132333.4.33435354#354363.4.437383940596#282413#4133.4.4.1414243443.4.54546474844849505152399#535535455527#50156574.15859416#5814.2606162299#408291#409634.36465359#44766349#42767361#455684.4697071598#33872734.57475764.677392#6004.7787980403#56655.15.1.18081825.1.283845.1.3855.1.486-87888990915.269293Literatur Curriculum VitaedeInhaltsverzeichnisHilfe Literatur Ahles, T. A.; Blanchard, E. B. und Leventhal, H (1983): Cognitive control of pain: Attention to the sensory aspects of the cold pressor stimulus, (volume 15), issue 2, pp. 159-178. Aine, C. J. (1995): Conceptual overview and critique of functional neuroimaging techniques in humans: I. MRI/fMRI and PET, (volume 9), issue 2-3, pp. 229-309. American Psychiatric Association (Ed.) (1994): Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), American Psychiatric Press,

Washington, DC

. American Psychiatric Association (Ed.) (1987): Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 3rd edition revised (DSM-III-R), American Psychiatric Press,

Washington, DC

. Ansorge, U.; Klotz, W. und Neumann, O (1998): Manual and verbal responses to completely masked (unreportable) stimuli, (volume 27), issue 10, pp. 1177-1189. Aziz, Q.; Schnitzler, A. und Enck, P. (2000): Functional neuroimaging of visceral sensation, (volume 17), issue 6, pp. 604-612. Aziz, Q.; Thompson, D. G.; Ng, V. W. K.; Hamdy, S.; Sarkar, S.; Brammer, M. J.; Bullmore, E. T.; Hobson, A.; Tracey, I; Gregory, L.; Simmons, A. und Williams, S. C. R. (2000): Cortical processing of human somatic and visceral sensation, (volume 20), issue 7, pp. 2657-2663. Bach, D. (2002): Einfluß von Körperwahrnehmung und -aufmerksamkeit auf psychophysiologische Belastungsreaktionen, TU Berlin,

Unveröffentlichte Diplomarbeit

. Bach, D. und Erdmann, G (2003): Habituelle Körperwahrnehmung moderiert den Effekt von Körperaufmerksamkeit auf die Belastungsreaktion, (volume 13), issue suppl. 1, pp. 28. Baciu, M. V.; Bonaz, B. L.; Papillon, E.; Bost, R. A.; Le Bas, J. F.; Fournet, J. und Segebarth, C. M. (1999): Central processing of rectal pain: a functional MR imaging study, (volume 20), issue 10, pp. 1920-1924. URL: PM:10588119 Bantick, S. J.; Wise, R. G.; Ploghaus, A.; Clare, S.; Smith, S. M. und Tracey, I (2002): Imaging how attention modulates pain in humans using functional MRI, (volume 125), pp. 310-319. Barbara, G.; Stanghellini, V.; De Giorgio, R.; Cremon, C.; Cottrell, G. S.; Santini, D.; Pasquinelli, G.; Morselli-Labate, A. M.; Grady, E. F.; Bunnett, N. W.; Collins, S. M. und Corinaldesi, R. (2004): Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 126), pp. 693-702. Bercík, P.; Wang, L.; Verdú, E. F.; Mao, Y. K.; Blennerhassett, P.; Khan, W. I.; Kean, I.; Tougas, G. und Collins, S. M. (2004): Visceral hyperalgesia and intestinal dysmotility in a mouse model of postinfective gut dysfunction, (volume 127), pp. 179-187. Berman, S.; Chang, L.; Suyenobu, B.; Derbyshire, S. W.; Stains, J.; FitzGerald, L.; Mandelkern, M.; Hamm, L.; Vogt, B. A.; Naliboff, B. und Mayer, E. A. (2002): Condition-specific deactivation of brain regions by 5-HT3 receptor antagonist alosetron, (volume 123), pp. 969-977. Berman, S.; Munakata, J.; Naliboff, B. D.; Chang, L.; Mandelkern, M.; Silverman, D.; Kovalik, E. und Mayer, E. A. (2000): Gender differences in regional brain response to visceral pressure in IBS patients, (volume 4), issue 2, pp. 157-172. URL: PM:10957697 Berman, S.; Naliboff, B.; Chang, L.; FitzGerald, L.; Antolin, T.; Camplone, A. und Mayer, E. A. (2002): Enhanced preattentive central nervous system reactivity in irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 97), issue 11, pp. 2791-2797. Bernstein, C. N.; Frankenstein, U. N.; Rawsthorne, P.; Pitz, M.; Summers, R. und McIntyre, M. C. (2002): Cortical mapping of visceral pain in patients with GI disorders using functional magnetic resonance imaging, (volume 97), issue 2, pp. 319-327. Bernstein, C. N.; Niazi, N.; Robert, M.; Mertz, H.; Kodner, A.; Munakata, J.; Naliboff, B. und Mayer, E. A. (1996): Rectal afferent function in patients with inflammatory and functional intestinal disorders, (volume 66), pp. 151-161. Bloch, F. (1946): Nuclear Induction, (volume 70), issue 7/8, pp. 460-474. Blomhoff, S.; Jacobsen, M. B.; Spetalen, S.; Dahm, A. und Malt, U. F. (2000): Perceptual hyperreactivity to auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 6), pp. 583-589. Blomhoff, S.; Spetalen, S.; Jacobsen, M. B.; Vatn, M. und Malt, U. F. (2000): Intestinal reactivity to words with emotional content and brain information processing in irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 45), issue 6, pp. 1160-1165. Bonaz, B.; Baciu, M.; Papillon, E.; Bost, R.; Gueddah, N.; Le Bas, J. F.; Fournet, J. und Segebarth, C. (2002): Central processing of rectal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: an fMRI study, (volume 97), issue 3, pp. 654-661. URL: PM:11926209 Borkenau, P. und Ostendorf, F. (1993): NEO-Fünf-Faktoren Inventar (NEO-FFI) nach Costa und McCrae, Hogrefe,

Göttingen

. Bouin, M.; Plourde, V.; Boivin, M.; Riberdy, M.; Lupien, F.; Laganiére, M.; Verrier, P. und Poitras, P. (2002): Rectal distension testing in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Sensitivity, specifity, and predictive values of pain sensory thresholds, (volume 122), pp. 1771-1777. Bouras, E. P.; O'Brien, T. J.; Camilleri, M.; O'Connor, M. K. und Mullan, B. P. (1999): Cerebral topography of rectal stimulation using single photon emission computed tomography, (volume 277), pp. G687-G694. URL: PM:10484395 Calejesan, A. A.; Kim, S. J. und Zhuo, M. (2000): Descending facilitatory modulation of a behavioral nociceptive response by stimulation in the adult rat anterior cingulate cortex, (volume 4), pp. 83-96. Camilleri, M.; Couli, B. und Tack, J. F. (2000): Visceral hypersensitivity: Facts, speculations, and challenges, (volume 48), pp. 125-131. Caviness jr., V. S.; Lange, N. T.; Makris, N.; Herbert, M. R. und Kennedy, D. N. (1999): MRI-based volumetrics: Emergence of a developmental brain science, (volume 21), pp. 289-295. Chang, L.; Berman, S.; Mayer, E. A.; Suyenobu, B.; Derbyshire, S.; Naliboff, B.; Vogt, B. A.; FitzGerald, L. und Mandelkern, M. (2003): Brain responses to visceral and somatic stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with and without fibromyalgia, (volume 98), issue 6, pp. 1354-1361. Chang, L.; Munakata, J.; Mayer, E. A.; Schmulson, M. J.; Johnson, T. D.; Bernstein, C. N.; Saba, L.; Naliboff, B.; Anton, P. A. und Matin, K. (2000): Perceptual responses in patients with inflammatory and functional bowel disease, (volume 47), pp. 197-505. Collet, L.; Meunier, P.; Duclaux, R; Chery-Croze, S. und Falipou, P. (1988): Cerebral evoked potentials after endorectal mechanical stimulation in humans, (volume 254), pp. G447-G482. Damadian, R. (1971): Tumor detection by nuclear magnetic resonance, (volume 171), pp. 1151-1153. Davis, M. und Whalen, P. J. (2001): The amygdala: Vigilance and emotion, (volume 6), pp. 13-34. Delvaux, M. (1999): Stress and visceral perception, (volume 13 Suppl A), pp. 32A-36A. Derbyshire, S. W. G. (2003): A systematic review of neuroimaging data during visceral stimulation, (volume 98), issue 1, pp. 12-20. DiNardo, P. A. und Barlow, D. H. (1988): Anxiety disorders interview schedule - revised (ADIS-R), Graywind,

Albany, NY

. Drossman, D. A.; Ringel, Y.; Vogt, B. A.; Leserman, J.; Lin, W.; Smith, J. K. und Whitehead, W. E. (2003): Alterations of brain activity associated with resolution of emotional distress and pain in a case of severe irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 124), pp. 754-761. Fellows, S.; Tabaza, R.; Heumann, M.; Klotz, W.; Neumann, O.; Schwarz, M.; Noth, J. und Topper, R. (2002): Modification of a functional motor task by non-consciously perceived sensory stimuli, (volume 16), issue 5, pp. 637-640. Frankenstein, U. N.; Richter, W.; McIntyre, M. C. und Rémy, F. (2001): Distraction modulates anterior cingulate gyrus activations during the cold pressor test, (volume 14), pp. 827-836. Friston, K. J.; Holmes, A.; Poline, J.-B.; Price, C. J. und Frith, C. D. (1996): Detecting activations in PET and fMRI: Levels of Inference and Power, (volume 40), pp. 223-235. Gibbs-Gallagher, N.; Palsson, O. S.; Levy, R. L.; Meyer, K.; Drossman, D. A. und Whitehead, W. E. (2001): Selective recall of gastrointestinal-sensation words: Evidence for a cognitive-behavioral contribution to irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 96), issue 4, pp. 1133-1138. Goebel, R. (1996): Brainvoyager: A program for analyzing and visualizing functional and structural magnetic resonance data sets, (volume 3), pp. S604. Goebel, R.; Khorram-Sefat, D.; Muckli, L.; Hacker, H. und Singer, W. (1998): The constructive nature of vision: Direct evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of apparent motion and motion imagery, (volume 10), pp. 1563-1573. Golay, X.; Hendrikse, J. und Lim, T. C. (2004): Perfusion imaging using arterial spin labeling, (volume 15), issue 1, pp. 10-27. Graham, R. B. (1990): Physiological Psychology, Wadsworth,

Belmont, CA

. Gray, J. A. (1984): The neuropsychology of anxiety, Pawlik, K, Fortschritt der Experimentalpsychologie , pp. 52-71, Springer,

Berlin

. Gray, J. A. (1996): A model of the limbic system and basal ganglia: applications to anxiety and schizophrenia, Gazzaniga, M. S., The Cognitive Neurosciences , pp. 1165-1176, Bradford,

Cambridge, MA

. Gray, J. A. und McNaughton, N. (2000): The neuropsychology of anxiety: An enquiry into the functions fo the septohippocampal system, 2. edition, Oxford University Press,

Oxford, UK

. Greenwood-Van Meerveld, B.; Gibson, M.; Gunter, W.; Shephard, J.; Foreman, R. und Myers, D. (2001): Stereotaxic delivery of cortocosterone to the amygdala modulates colonic sensitivity in rats, (volume 893), pp. 135-142. Hadjistavropoulos, H. D.; Hadjistavropoulos, T. und Quine, A. (2000): Health anxiety moderates the effects of distraction versus attention to pain, (volume 38), issue 5, pp. 425-438. URL: PM:10816903 Hamaguchi, T.; Kano, M.; Rikimaru, H.; Kanazawa, M.; Itoh, M.; Yanai, K. und Fukudo, S (2004): Brain activity during distension of the descending colon in humans, (volume 16), pp. 299-309. Harel, N.; Lee, S.-P.; Nagaoka, T.; Kim, D.-S. und Kim, S.-G. (2002): Origin of negative blood oxygenation level-dependent fMRI signals, (volume 22), pp. 908-917. Hariri, A. R. und Weinberger, D. R. (2003): Imaging Genomics, (volume 65), pp. 259-270. Hautzinger, M.; Bailer, M.; Worall, H. und Keller, F. (1994): Beck-Depressions-Inventar, Hans Huber,

Bern

. Heaton, K. W.; Radvan, J.; Cripps, H.; Mountford, R. A.; Braddon, F. E. M. und Hughes, A. O. (1993): Defacation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: A prospective study, (volume 33), pp. 812-824. Heeger, D. J.; Huk, A. C.; Geisler, W. S. und Albrecht, D. G. (2000): Spikes versus BOLD: What does neuroimaging tell uas about neuronal activity, (volume 3), issue 7, pp. 631-633. Hobday, D. I.; Aziz, Q.; Thaker, N.; Hollander, I.; Jackson, A. und Thompson, D. G. (2001): A study of the cortical processing of ano-rectal sensation using functional MRI, (volume 124), pp. 361-368. Hobday, D. I.; Hobson, A.; Furlong, P. L.; Thompson, D. G. und Aziz, Q. (2000): Comparison of cortical potentials evoked by mechanical and electrical stimulation, (volume 12), pp. 547-554. Hölzl, R.; Erasmus, L.-P. und Möltner, A. (1996): Detection, discrimination and sensation of visceral stimuli, (volume 42), pp. 199-214. Houghton, L. A.; Wych, J. und Whorwell, P. J. (1995): Acute diarrhoea induces rectal sensitivity in women but not men, (volume 37), pp. 270-273. Hsieh, J.-C.; Stone-Elander, S. und Ingvar, M. (1999): Anticipatory coping of pain expressed in the human anterior cingulate cortex: A positron emission tomography study, (volume 262), pp. 61-64. Janke, W. und Erdmann, G. (1997): Streßverarbeitungsfragebogen (SVF 120), Hogrefe,

Göttingen

. Keogh, E.; Hatton, K. und Ellery, D. (2000): Avoidance versus focused attention and the perception of pain: differential effects for men and women, (volume 85), issue 1-2, pp. 225-230. URL: PM:10692622 Kern, M. K.; Jaradeh, S.; Arndorfer, R. C.; Jesmanowicz, A.; Hyde, J. und Shaker, R. (2001): Gender differences in cortical representation of rectal distension in healthy humans, (volume 281), issue 6, pp. G1512-G1523. URL: PM:11705757 Kern, M. K. und Shaker, R. (2002): Cerebral cortical registration of subliminal visceral stimulation, (volume 122), pp. 290-298. Kern, M. K. und Shaker, R. (2003): Further characterization of human brain processing of viscero-sensation: The role of gender and a word of caution, (volume 124), pp. 1975-1977. Klotz, W. und Neumann, O (1999): Motor activation without conscious discrimination in metacontrast masking, (volume 25), issue 4, pp. 976-992. Kolb, B. und Wishaw, I. Q. (1996): Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology, 4. edition, Freeman,

New York & Oxford

. Ladabaum, R.; Minoshima, S. und Owyang, C. (2000): Pathobiology of visceral pain: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. V. Central nervous system processing of somatic and visceral sensory signals, (volume 279), pp. G1-G6. Lauterbur, P. C. (1973): Image formation by induced local interactions: Examples employing nuclear magnetic resonance, (volume 242), pp. 190-191. Laux, L.; Glanzmann, P.; Schaffner, P. und Spielberger, C. D. (1981): Das State-Trait-Angstinventar, Beltz,

Weinheim

. Lembo, T.; Naliboff, B.; Matin, K.; Munakata, J.; Parker, R. A.; Gracely, R. H. und Mayer, E. A. (2000): Irritable bowel syndrome patients show altered sensitivity to exogenous opioids, (volume 87), pp. 137-147. Leventhal, H.; Brown, D.; Shacham, S. und Engquist, G. (1979): Effects of preparatory information about sensations, threat of pain and attention on cold pressor distress, (volume 37), issue 5, pp. 688-714. Loening-Baucke, V.; Anderson, R. H.; Yamada, T. und Zhu, Y.-X. (1995): Study of the afferent pathways from the rectum with a new distenstion control device, (volume 45), pp. 1510-1516. Loening-Baucke, V. und Yamada, T. (1993): Cerebral potentials evoked by rectal distension in humans, (volume 88), pp. 447-452. Logothetis, N. (2003): The underpinnings of the BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging signal, (volume 23), issue 10, pp. 3963-3971. Logothetis, N. K.; Pauls, J.; Augath, M.; Trinath, T. und Oeltermann, A. (2001): Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal, (volume 412), pp. 150-157. Lotze, M.; Wietek, B.; Birbaumer, N.; Ehrhardt, J.; Grodd, W. und Enck, P. (2001): Cerebral activation during anal and rectal stimulation, (volume 14), pp. 1027-1034. Margraf, J.; Schneider, S und Ehlers, A (1991): Diagnostisches Interview bei psychischen Störungen (DIPS), Springer,

Berlin

. Mathiesen, C.; Caesar, K.; Akgören, N. und Lauritzen, M. (1998): Modification of activity-dependent increases of cerebral blood flow by excitatory synaptic activity and spikes in rat cerebrellar cortex, (volume 512), issue 2, pp. 555-566. Mathiesen, C.; Caesar, K. und Lauritzen, M. (2000): Temporal coupling between neuronal activity and blood flow in rat cerebellar cortex as indicated by field potential analysis, (volume 523), issue 1, pp. 235-246. Mayer, E. A. und Gebhart, G. F. (1994): Basic and clinical aspects of visceral hyperalgesia, (volume 107), pp. 271-293. Mayer, E. A.; Naliboff, B.; Chang, L. und Coutinho, S. V. (2001): Stress and the gastrointestinal tract. V. Stress and irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 280), pp. G519-G524. Mertz, H.; Morgan, V.; Tanner, G.; Pickens, D.; Price, R.; Shyr, Y. und Kessler, R. (2000): Regional cerebral activation in irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects with painful and nonpainful rectal distension, (volume 118), pp. 842-848. Mertz, H.; Naliboff, B.; Munakata, J.; Niazi, N. und Mayer, E. A. (1995): Altered rectal perception is a biological marker of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 109), pp. 40-52. Miranda, A.; Peles, S.; Rudolph, C.; Shaker, R. und Sengupta, J. N. (2004): Altered visceral sensation in response to somatic pain in the rat, (volume 126), pp. 1082-1089. Moennikes, H.; Tebbe, J. J.; Hildebrandt, M.; Arck, P.; Osmanoglou, E.; Rose, M.; Blapp, B.; Wiedenmann, B. und Heymann-Mönnikes, I. (2001): Role of stress in functional gastrointestinal disorders, (volume 19), pp. 201-211. Naliboff, B.; Berman, S.; Chang, L.; Derbyshire, S.; Suyenobu, B.; Vogt, B. A.; Mandelkern, M. und Mayer, E. A. (2003): Sex-related differences in IBS patients: Central processing of viscerl stimuli, (volume 124), pp. 1738-1747. Naliboff, B.; Munakata, J.; Fullerton, S; Gracely, R. H.; Kodner, A.; Harraf, F. und Mayer, E. A. (1997): Evidence for two distinct perceptual alterations in irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 41), pp. 505-512. Naliboff, B. D.; Derbyshire, S. W.; Munakata, J.; Berman, S.; Mandelkern, M.; Chang, L. und Mayer, E. A. (2001): Cerebral activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and control subjects during rectosigmoid stimulation, (volume 63), issue 3, pp. 365-375. URL: PM:11382264 Neafsey, E. J.; Terreberry, R. R.; Hurley, K. M.; Ruit, K. G. und Frysztak, R. J. (1993): Anterior cingulate cortex in rodents: Connections, visceral control functions, and implications for emotion, Vogt, B. A. und Gabriel, M., Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus , 1st. edition, pp. 206-223, Birkhäuser,

Boston

. Norris, D. G. (2003): High field human imaging, (volume 18), issue 5, pp. 519-529. Ogawa, S.; Lee, T. M.; Kay, A. R. und Tank, D. W. (1990): Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation, (volume 87), pp. 9868-9872. Ogawa, S. und Lee, T.-M. (1990): Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: In vivo and in vitro measurements and image simulation, (volume 16), pp. 9-18. Ogawa, S.; Lee, T.-M.; Nayak, A. S. und Glynn, P. (1990): Oxygenation-sensitive contrast in magnetic resonance imaging of rodent brain at high magnetic fields, (volume 14), pp. 68-78. Olson, C. R.; Musil, S. Y. und Goldberg, M. E. (1993): Posterior cingulate cortex and visuospatial cognition: Properties of single neurons in the behaving monkey, Vogt, B. A. und Gabriel, M., Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus , 1st. edition, pp. 366-380, Birkhäuser,

Boston

. Pauling, L. und Coryell, C. D. (1936): The magnetic properties and structure of hemoglobin, oxyhemoglobin and carbonmonoxyhemoglobin, (volume 22), pp. 210-216. Payne, A.; Blanchard, E. B.; Holt, C. S. und Schwarz, S. P. (1992): Physiological reactivity to stressors in irritable bowel syndrome patients, inflammatory bowel disease patients and non-patient controls, (volume 30), issue 3, pp. 293-300. Phillips, M. L.; Drevets, W. C.; Rauch, S. L. und Lane, R. (2003): Neurobiology of emotion perception I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception, (volume 54), pp. 504-514. Phillips, M. L.; Gregory, L. J.; Cullen, S.; Cohen, S.; Ng, V. W. K.; Andrew, C.; Giampietro, V.; Bullmore, E.; Zelaya, F.; Amaro, E.; Thompson, D. G.; Hobson, A.; Williams, S. C. R.; Brammer, M. J. und Aziz, Q. (2003): The effect of negative emotional context on neural and behavioural responses to oesophageal stimulation, (volume 126), pp. 669-684. Plante, T. G.; Lawson, C. L.; Kinney, F. und Mello, K. (1998): Physiological stress responsivity and perceived stress among subjects with irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 3), issue 2, pp. 96-109. Poellinger, A.; Thomas, R.; Lio, P.; Lee, A.; Makris, N.; Rosen, B. R. und Kwong, K. K. (2001): Activation and habituation in olfaction - an fMRI study, (volume 13), pp. 547-560. Purcell, E. M.; Torrey, H. C. und Pound, R. V. (1946): Resonance absorption by nuclear magnetic moments in a solid, (volume 64), pp. 37-38. Rees, G.; Friston, K. und Koch, C. (2000): A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of human and macaque V5, (volume 3), issue 7, pp. 716-723. Röther, J.; Knab, R.; Hamzei, F.; Fiehler, J.; Reichenbach, J. R.; Büchel, C. und Weiller, C. (2002): Negative dip in BOLD fMRI is caused by blood flow-oxygen consumption uncoupling in humans, (volume 15), pp. 98-102. Rothstein, R. D.; Stecker, M.; Reivich, M.; Alavi, A.; Ding, X.-S.; Jaggi, M. J.; Greenberg, J. und Ouyang, A. (1996): Use of positron emission tomography and evoked potentials for the detection of cortical afferents from the gastrointestinal tract, (volume 91), issue 11, pp. 2372-2376. Sanders, J. A. und Orrison jr., W. W. (1995): Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Orrison jr., W. W.; Lewine, J. D.; Sanders, J. A. und Hartshorne, M. F., Functional Brain Imaging , pp. 239-326, Mosby,

St. Louis

. Sapolsky, R. M. (1992): Stress, the aging brain, and the mechanisms of neuron death, MIT Press,

Cambridge, MA

. Shmuel, A.; Yacoub, E.; Pfeuffer, J.; van de Moortele, P.-F.; Adriany, G.; Hu, X. und Ugurbil, K. (2002): Sustained negative BOLD, blood flow and oxygen comsumption response and its coupling to the positive response in the human brain, (volume 36), pp. 1195-1210. Silverman, D. H. S.; Munakata, J. A.; Ennes, H.; Mandelkern, M. A.; Hoh, C. K. und Mayer, E. A. (1997): Regional cerebral activity in normal and pathological perception of visceral pain, (volume 112), pp. 64-72. Smith, A. J.; Blumenfeld, H.; Behar, K. L.; Rothman, D. L.; Shulman, R. G. und Hyder, F. (2002): Cerebral energetics and spiking frequency: The neurophysiological basis of fMRI, (volume 99), issue 16, pp. 10765-10770. Spiller, R. C. (2003): Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 124), pp. 1662-1671. Sutherland, R. J. und Hoesing, J. M. (1993): Posterior cingulate cortex and spatial memory: A microlimnology analysis, Vogt, B. A. und Gabriel, M., Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus , 1. edition, pp. 461-477, Birkhäuser,

Boston

. Talairach, J. und Tournoux, P. (1988): Co-planar stereotactic atlas of the human brain, Thieme,

New York

. Thompson, W. G.; Longstreth, G; Drossman, D. A.; Heaton, K.; Irvine, E. J. und Muller-Lissner, S. (2000): Functional bowel disorders and functional abdominal pain, Drossman, D. A.; Corazziari, E.; Talley, N. J.; Thompson, W. G. und Whitehead, W. E., Rome II: The functional gastrointestinal disorders: Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment - a multinational consensus , 1. edition, pp. 351-375, Allen Press,

Lawrence, KS

. Tracey, I; Ploghaus, A.; Gati, J. S.; Clare, S.; Smith, S.; Menon, R. S. und Matthews, P. M. (2002): Imaging attentional modulation of pain in the periaqueductal gray in humans, (volume 22), issue 7, pp. 2748-2752. Verne, G. N.; Himes, N. C.; Robinson, M. E.; Gopinath, K. S.; Briggs, R. W.; Crosson, B. und Price, D. D. (2003): Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 103), pp. 99-110. Verne, G. N.; Robinson, M. E. und Price, D. D. (1993): Hypersensitivity to visceral and cutaneous pain in the irritable bowel syndrome, (volume 93), pp. 7-14. Verne, G. N.; Robinson, M. E.; Vase, L. und Price, D. D. (2003): Reversal of visceral and cutaneous hyperalgesia by local rectal anesthesia in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients, (volume 105), pp. 223-230. Villringer, A. und Dirnagl, U. (1995): Coupling of brain activity and cerebral blood flow: Basis of functional neuroimaging, (volume 7), pp. 240-276. Vogt, B. A. (1993): Structural organization of cingulate cortex: Areas, neurons, and somatodendritic transmitter receptors, Vogt, B. A. und Gabriel, M., Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus , 1. edition, pp. 19-70, Birkhäuser,

Boston

. Vogt, B. A.; Sikes, R. W. und Vogt, L. J. (1993): Anterior cingulate cortex and the medial pain system, Vogt, B. A. und Gabriel, M., Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus , 1. edition, pp. 313-344, Birkhäuser,

Boston

. Wade, A. R. (2002): The negative BOLD signal unmasked, (volume 22), pp. 903-905. Wehrli, F. W. (1992): Principles of magnetic resonance, Stark, D. D. und Bradley, W. G., Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol.1 , 2. edition, pp. 3-20, Mosby,

St. Louis

. Weinberger, D. R.; Egan, M. F.; Bertolino, A.; Callicot, J. H.; Mattay, V. S.; Lipska, B. K.; Berman, K. F. und Goldberg, T. E. (2001): Prefrontal neurons and the genetics of schizophrenia, (volume 50), pp. 825-844. Whalen, P. J.; Rauch, S. L.; Etcoff, N. L.; McInerney, S. C.; Lee, M. B. und Jenike, M. A. (1998): Masked presentation of emotional facial expressions modulate amygdala activation without explicit knowledge, (volume 18), issue 1, pp. 411-418. Whitehead, W. E.; Delvaux, M. und The working team (1997): Standardization of barostat procedures for testing smooth muscle tone and sensory thresholds in the gastrointestinal tract, (volume 42), issue 2, pp. 223-241. Whitehead, W. E. und Palsson, O. S. (1998): Is rectal pain sensitivity a biological marker for irritable bowel syndrome: Psychological influences on pain perception, (volume 115), pp. 1263-1271. Whitehead, W. E.; Palsson, O. S. und Jones, K. R. (2002): Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: What are the causes and implications?, (volume 112), pp. 1140-1156. Willert, R. P.; Woolf, C. J.; Hobson, A. R.; Delaney, C.; Thompson, D. G. und Aziz, Q. (2004): The development and maintenance of human viscerl pain hypersensitivity is dependent on the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor, (volume 126), pp. 683-692. Wood, M. L. (1992): Fourier Imaging, Stark, D. D. und Bradley, W. G., Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Vol.1 , 2. edition, pp. 21-66, Mosby,

St. Louis

. Worsley, K. J. (1997): An overview and some new developments in the statistical analysis of PET and fMRI data, (volume 5), pp. 254-258. Yamasaki, H.; Kakigi, R.; Watanabe, S. und Hoshiyama, M. (2000): Effect of distraction on pain-related somatosensory evoked magnetic fields and potentials following painful electrical stimulation, (volume 9), pp. 165-175. Yamasaki, H.; Kakigi, R.; Watanabe, S. und Naka, D. (1999): Effects of distraction on pain perception: Magneto- and electro-encephalographic studies, (volume 8), pp. 73-76. Yousry, T. A.; Schmid, U. D.; Alkadhi, H.; Schmidt, D.; Peraud, A.; Buettner, A. und Winkler, P. (1997): Localization of the motor hand area to a knob on the precentral gyrus - a new landmark, (volume 120), pp. 141-157. Yuan, Y.-Z.; Tao, R.-J.; Xu, B.; Sun, J.; Chen, K.-M.; Miao, F.; Zhang, Z.-W. und Xu, J.-Y. (2003): Functional brain imaging in irritable bowel syndrome with rectal balloon-distension by using fMRI, (volume 9), issue 6, pp. 1356-1360.