<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgung und des Outcomes sehr kleiner und leichter Frühgeborener durch klinisches Benchmarking</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Carolin Bätzel</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">A</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100C8" part="chapter1" ref="N100C8" type="section">A.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326261" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326261" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274730" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274730" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100D5" part="chapter1" ref="N100D5" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FB" part="chapter1" ref="N100FB" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10113" part="chapter1" ref="N10113" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274731" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274731" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326262" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326262" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10133" part="chapter1" ref="N10133" type="section">A.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10138" part="chapter1" ref="N10138" type="subsection">A.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326263" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326263" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274732" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274732" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1014E" part="chapter1" ref="N1014E" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274733" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274733" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326264" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326264" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1016B" part="chapter1" ref="N1016B" type="subsection">A.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10178" part="chapter1" ref="N10178" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274734" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274734" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326265" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326265" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N101BA" part="chapter1" ref="N101BA" type="subsection">A.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101C1" part="chapter1" ref="N101C1" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101D6" part="chapter1" ref="N101D6" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274735" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274735" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326266" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326266" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N101F6" part="chapter1" ref="N101F6" type="subsection">A.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10203" part="chapter1" ref="N10203" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1021D" part="chapter1" ref="N1021D" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274736" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274736" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326267" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326267" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10266" part="chapter1" ref="N10266" type="section">A.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1026D" part="chapter1" ref="N1026D" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10283" part="chapter1" ref="N10283" type="subsection">A.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326268" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326268" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274737" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274737" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10293" part="chapter1" ref="N10293" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274738" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274738" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326269" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326269" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102AA" part="chapter1" ref="N102AA" type="subsection">A.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102B7" part="chapter1" ref="N102B7" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102CC" part="chapter1" ref="N102CC" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274739" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274739" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326270" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326270" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102E6" part="chapter1" ref="N102E6" type="subsection">A.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102ED" part="chapter1" ref="N102ED" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274740" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc118274740" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326271" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc131326271" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">B</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10335" part="chapter2" ref="N10335" type="section">B.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326272" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326272" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274741" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274741" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10343" part="chapter2" ref="N10343" type="subsection">B.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326273" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326273" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274742" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274742" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1034E" part="chapter2" ref="N1034E" type="block">B.1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10355" part="chapter2" ref="N10355" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10361" part="chapter2" ref="N10361" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N103C9" part="chapter2" ref="N103C9" type="block">B.1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D3" part="chapter2" ref="N103D3" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D9" part="chapter2" ref="N103D9" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1048D" part="chapter2" ref="N1048D" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10490" part="chapter2" ref="N10490" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1058E" part="chapter2" ref="N1058E" type="mm">547#463</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274743" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274743" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326274" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326274" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105A1" part="chapter2" ref="N105A1" type="subsection">B.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105A8" part="chapter2" ref="N105A8" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105B1" part="chapter2" ref="N105B1" type="mm">569#413</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105BB" part="chapter2" ref="N105BB" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274744" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274744" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326275" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326275" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105D2" part="chapter2" ref="N105D2" type="subsection">B.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105DC" part="chapter2" ref="N105DC" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E8" part="chapter2" ref="N105E8" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274745" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274745" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326276" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326276" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10606" part="chapter2" ref="N10606" type="section">B.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1060D" part="chapter2" ref="N1060D" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10625" part="chapter2" ref="N10625" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10670" part="chapter2" ref="N10670" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274746" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274746" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326277" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326277" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10681" part="chapter2" ref="N10681" type="section">B.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10694" part="chapter2" ref="N10694" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274747" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274747" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326278" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326278" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106A8" part="chapter2" ref="N106A8" type="section">B.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106B2" part="chapter2" ref="N106B2" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274748" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc118274748" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326279" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc131326279" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">C</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106CC" part="chapter3" ref="N106CC" type="section">C.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326280" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326280" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274749" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274749" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106D7" part="chapter3" ref="N106D7" type="subsection">C.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326281" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326281" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274750" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274750" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106E2" part="chapter3" ref="N106E2" type="block">C.1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106E7" part="chapter3" ref="N106E7" type="helpercitenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106EF" part="chapter3" ref="N106EF" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106F7" part="chapter3" ref="N106F7" type="block">C.1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10701" part="chapter3" ref="N10701" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10709" part="chapter3" ref="N10709" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1074E" part="chapter3" ref="N1074E" type="mm">307#423</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1075B" part="chapter3" ref="N1075B" type="mm">307#417</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10767" part="chapter3" ref="N10767" type="block">C.1.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10771" part="chapter3" ref="N10771" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274751" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274751" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326282" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326282" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10783" part="chapter3" ref="N10783" type="subsection">C.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10788" part="chapter3" ref="N10788" type="block">C.1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10795" part="chapter3" ref="N10795" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1079D" part="chapter3" ref="N1079D" type="block">C.1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107A7" part="chapter3" ref="N107A7" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107B3" part="chapter3" ref="N107B3" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107B8" part="chapter3" ref="N107B8" type="block">C.1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107C5" part="chapter3" ref="N107C5" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107D2" part="chapter3" ref="N107D2" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N107FD" part="chapter3" ref="N107FD" type="mm">518#300</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10840" part="chapter3" ref="N10840" type="mm">518#300</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274752" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274752" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326283" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326283" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10881" part="chapter3" ref="N10881" type="section">C.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10886" part="chapter3" ref="N10886" type="subsection">C.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326284" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326284" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274753" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274753" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10891" part="chapter3" ref="N10891" type="block">C.2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10898" part="chapter3" ref="N10898" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108A6" part="chapter3" ref="N108A6" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108AE" part="chapter3" ref="N108AE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N108D9" part="chapter3" ref="N108D9" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1091C" part="chapter3" ref="N1091C" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10955" part="chapter3" ref="N10955" type="block">C.2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1095E" part="chapter3" ref="N1095E" type="block">C.2.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10965" part="chapter3" ref="N10965" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10975" part="chapter3" ref="N10975" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1097A" part="chapter3" ref="N1097A" type="block">C.2.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1098B" part="chapter3" ref="N1098B" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10994" part="chapter3" ref="N10994" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N109BF" part="chapter3" ref="N109BF" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A06" part="chapter3" ref="N10A06" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A43" part="chapter3" ref="N10A43" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A46" part="chapter3" ref="N10A46" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10A71" part="chapter3" ref="N10A71" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ABD" part="chapter3" ref="N10ABD" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AF0" part="chapter3" ref="N10AF0" type="block">C.2.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AFD" part="chapter3" ref="N10AFD" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274754" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274754" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326285" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326285" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10B12" part="chapter3" ref="N10B12" type="subsection">C.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B1C" part="chapter3" ref="N10B1C" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B2A" part="chapter3" ref="N10B2A" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B2D" part="chapter3" ref="N10B2D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10B58" part="chapter3" ref="N10B58" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274755" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274755" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326286" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326286" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10B9D" part="chapter3" ref="N10B9D" type="subsection">C.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BB5" part="chapter3" ref="N10BB5" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BBB" part="chapter3" ref="N10BBB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10BE6" part="chapter3" ref="N10BE6" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C29" part="chapter3" ref="N10C29" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274756" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274756" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326287" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326287" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10C74" part="chapter3" ref="N10C74" type="subsection">C.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C7B" part="chapter3" ref="N10C7B" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C85" part="chapter3" ref="N10C85" type="block">C.2.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C92" part="chapter3" ref="N10C92" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C9A" part="chapter3" ref="N10C9A" type="block">C.2.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CA6" part="chapter3" ref="N10CA6" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CB4" part="chapter3" ref="N10CB4" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CB7" part="chapter3" ref="N10CB7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10CE2" part="chapter3" ref="N10CE2" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D27" part="chapter3" ref="N10D27" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D5E" part="chapter3" ref="N10D5E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10D89" part="chapter3" ref="N10D89" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DD2" part="chapter3" ref="N10DD2" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274757" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274757" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326288" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326288" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10E18" part="chapter3" ref="N10E18" type="subsection">C.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E1D" part="chapter3" ref="N10E1D" type="block">C.2.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E27" part="chapter3" ref="N10E27" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E37" part="chapter3" ref="N10E37" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E3A" part="chapter3" ref="N10E3A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E65" part="chapter3" ref="N10E65" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EA8" part="chapter3" ref="N10EA8" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EDB" part="chapter3" ref="N10EDB" type="block">C.2.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EE8" part="chapter3" ref="N10EE8" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EF0" part="chapter3" ref="N10EF0" type="block">C.2.5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EFA" part="chapter3" ref="N10EFA" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F08" part="chapter3" ref="N10F08" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F0B" part="chapter3" ref="N10F0B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10F36" part="chapter3" ref="N10F36" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F6A" part="chapter3" ref="N10F6A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10F95" part="chapter3" ref="N10F95" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274758" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274758" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326289" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326289" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10FDC" part="chapter3" ref="N10FDC" type="section">C.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10FE1" part="chapter3" ref="N10FE1" type="subsection">C.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10FEB" part="chapter3" ref="N10FEB" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10FF8" part="chapter3" ref="N10FF8" type="subsection">C.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10FFF" part="chapter3" ref="N10FFF" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11007" part="chapter3" ref="N11007" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11032" part="chapter3" ref="N11032" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11066" part="chapter3" ref="N11066" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11091" part="chapter3" ref="N11091" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274759" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274759" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326290" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326290" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N110D7" part="chapter3" ref="N110D7" type="section">C.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N110DE" part="chapter3" ref="N110DE" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N110EE" part="chapter3" ref="N110EE" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N110F4" part="chapter3" ref="N110F4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11120" part="chapter3" ref="N11120" type="mm">361#546</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274760" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274760" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326291" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326291" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11138" part="chapter3" ref="N11138" type="section">C.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11145" part="chapter3" ref="N11145" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11153" part="chapter3" ref="N11153" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11159" part="chapter3" ref="N11159" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274761" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc118274761" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326292" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc131326292" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">D</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N113E6" part="chapter4" ref="N113E6" type="section">D.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326293" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326293" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274762" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274762" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113F1" part="chapter4" ref="N113F1" type="subsection">D.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326294" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326294" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274763" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274763" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113FC" part="chapter4" ref="N113FC" type="block">D.1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11401" part="chapter4" ref="N11401" type="helpercitenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11406" part="chapter4" ref="N11406" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11409" part="chapter4" ref="N11409" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11434" part="chapter4" ref="N11434" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11467" part="chapter4" ref="N11467" type="block">D.1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11473" part="chapter4" ref="N11473" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1149E" part="chapter4" ref="N1149E" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274764" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274764" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326295" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326295" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N114DE" part="chapter4" ref="N114DE" type="subsection">D.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114E3" part="chapter4" ref="N114E3" type="block">D.1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114EA" part="chapter4" ref="N114EA" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114F8" part="chapter4" ref="N114F8" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114FD" part="chapter4" ref="N114FD" type="block">D.1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1150D" part="chapter4" ref="N1150D" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1151B" part="chapter4" ref="N1151B" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11523" part="chapter4" ref="N11523" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1154E" part="chapter4" ref="N1154E" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11591" part="chapter4" ref="N11591" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115C5" part="chapter4" ref="N115C5" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N115F0" part="chapter4" ref="N115F0" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11633" part="chapter4" ref="N11633" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11667" part="chapter4" ref="N11667" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1166A" part="chapter4" ref="N1166A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11695" part="chapter4" ref="N11695" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116D8" part="chapter4" ref="N116D8" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274765" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274765" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326296" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326296" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11718" part="chapter4" ref="N11718" type="subsection">D.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11725" part="chapter4" ref="N11725" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11733" part="chapter4" ref="N11733" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1173B" part="chapter4" ref="N1173B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11766" part="chapter4" ref="N11766" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N117B1" part="chapter4" ref="N117B1" type="mm">510#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274766" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274766" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326297" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326297" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N117FA" part="chapter4" ref="N117FA" type="section">D.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11802" part="chapter4" ref="N11802" type="subsection">D.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326298" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326298" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274767" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274767" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1180D" part="chapter4" ref="N1180D" type="block">D.2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11814" part="chapter4" ref="N11814" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11819" part="chapter4" ref="N11819" type="block">D.2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11826" part="chapter4" ref="N11826" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1182E" part="chapter4" ref="N1182E" type="block">D.2.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11838" part="chapter4" ref="N11838" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11844" part="chapter4" ref="N11844" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11850" part="chapter4" ref="N11850" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1185C" part="chapter4" ref="N1185C" type="citenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11862" part="chapter4" ref="N11862" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274768" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274768" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326299" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326299" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1189E" part="chapter4" ref="N1189E" type="subsection">D.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118A3" part="chapter4" ref="N118A3" type="block">D.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118AD" part="chapter4" ref="N118AD" type="citenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118B9" part="chapter4" ref="N118B9" type="citenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118C1" part="chapter4" ref="N118C1" type="block">D.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118CB" part="chapter4" ref="N118CB" type="citenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118D9" part="chapter4" ref="N118D9" type="citenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118DC" part="chapter4" ref="N118DC" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11923" part="chapter4" ref="N11923" type="mm">261#121</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11930" part="chapter4" ref="N11930" type="mm">254#121</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11943" part="chapter4" ref="N11943" type="citenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1194F" part="chapter4" ref="N1194F" type="citenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11954" part="chapter4" ref="N11954" type="block">D.2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11961" part="chapter4" ref="N11961" type="citenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1196D" part="chapter4" ref="N1196D" type="citenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274769" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274769" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326300" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326300" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11985" part="chapter4" ref="N11985" type="subsection">D.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1198A" part="chapter4" ref="N1198A" type="block">D.2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11991" part="chapter4" ref="N11991" type="citenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1199D" part="chapter4" ref="N1199D" type="citenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119A9" part="chapter4" ref="N119A9" type="citenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119B5" part="chapter4" ref="N119B5" type="citenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119BA" part="chapter4" ref="N119BA" type="block">D.2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119C4" part="chapter4" ref="N119C4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N119FE" part="chapter4" ref="N119FE" type="mm">511#236</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A29" part="chapter4" ref="N11A29" type="citenumber">84</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A35" part="chapter4" ref="N11A35" type="citenumber">85</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274770" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274770" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326301" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326301" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11A4E" part="chapter4" ref="N11A4E" type="section">D.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A55" part="chapter4" ref="N11A55" type="citenumber">86</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A61" part="chapter4" ref="N11A61" type="citenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A67" part="chapter4" ref="N11A67" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11A95" part="chapter4" ref="N11A95" type="mm">559#621</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274771" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc118274771" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326302" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc131326302" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">E</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AB3" part="chapter5" ref="N11AB3" type="helpercitenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ABC" part="chapter5" ref="N11ABC" type="section">E.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326303" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326303" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274772" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274772" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11AC9" part="chapter5" ref="N11AC9" type="citenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ACD" part="chapter5" ref="N11ACD" type="subsection">E.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326304" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326304" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274773" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274773" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274774" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274774" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326305" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326305" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11AEB" part="chapter5" ref="N11AEB" type="subsection">E.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AF0" part="chapter5" ref="N11AF0" type="block">E.1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AFA" part="chapter5" ref="N11AFA" type="citenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B0D" part="chapter5" ref="N11B0D" type="block">E.1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B14" part="chapter5" ref="N11B14" type="citenumber">90</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B2F" part="chapter5" ref="N11B2F" type="citenumber">91</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B37" part="chapter5" ref="N11B37" type="block">E.1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B4B" part="chapter5" ref="N11B4B" type="citenumber">92</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274775" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274775" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326306" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326306" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11B60" part="chapter5" ref="N11B60" type="subsection">E.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B73" part="chapter5" ref="N11B73" type="citenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274776" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274776" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326307" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326307" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11B85" part="chapter5" ref="N11B85" type="section">E.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B8F" part="chapter5" ref="N11B8F" type="subsection">E.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326308" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326308" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274777" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274777" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11B9F" part="chapter5" ref="N11B9F" type="citenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BAB" part="chapter5" ref="N11BAB" type="citenumber">95</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BB7" part="chapter5" ref="N11BB7" type="citenumber">96</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274778" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274778" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326309" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326309" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11BC8" part="chapter5" ref="N11BC8" type="subsection">E.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BCD" part="chapter5" ref="N11BCD" type="block">E.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BE2" part="chapter5" ref="N11BE2" type="block">E.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BE9" part="chapter5" ref="N11BE9" type="citenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C04" part="chapter5" ref="N11C04" type="citenumber">98</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C0C" part="chapter5" ref="N11C0C" type="block">E.2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C1E" part="chapter5" ref="N11C1E" type="citenumber">99</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C36" part="chapter5" ref="N11C36" type="citenumber">100</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C4C" part="chapter5" ref="N11C4C" type="block">E.2.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C53" part="chapter5" ref="N11C53" type="citenumber">101</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C61" part="chapter5" ref="N11C61" type="block">E.2.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C6B" part="chapter5" ref="N11C6B" type="citenumber">102</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274779" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274779" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326310" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326310" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11C8C" part="chapter5" ref="N11C8C" type="subsection">E.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274780" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274780" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326311" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326311" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11CA5" part="chapter5" ref="N11CA5" type="section">E.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CAC" part="chapter5" ref="N11CAC" type="citenumber">103</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CBC" part="chapter5" ref="N11CBC" type="subsection">E.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc131326312" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326312" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274781" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274781" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11CD5" part="chapter5" ref="N11CD5" type="citenumber">104</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274782" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274782" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326313" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326313" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11CE9" part="chapter5" ref="N11CE9" type="subsection">E.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CEE" part="chapter5" ref="N11CEE" type="block">E.3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CFB" part="chapter5" ref="N11CFB" type="citenumber">105</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D22" part="chapter5" ref="N11D22" type="citenumber">106</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D2D" part="chapter5" ref="N11D2D" type="block">E.3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D37" part="chapter5" ref="N11D37" type="citenumber">107</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D55" part="chapter5" ref="N11D55" type="citenumber">108</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D70" part="chapter5" ref="N11D70" type="citenumber">109</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D75" part="chapter5" ref="N11D75" type="block">E.3.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D88" part="chapter5" ref="N11D88" type="citenumber">110</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DAB" part="chapter5" ref="N11DAB" type="block">E.3.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DB7" part="chapter5" ref="N11DB7" type="citenumber">111</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DC6" part="chapter5" ref="N11DC6" type="citenumber">112</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DCB" part="chapter5" ref="N11DCB" type="block">E.3.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DE3" part="chapter5" ref="N11DE3" type="block">E.3.2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DEA" part="chapter5" ref="N11DEA" type="citenumber">113</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E05" part="chapter5" ref="N11E05" type="citenumber">114</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274783" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274783" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326314" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326314" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E20" part="chapter5" ref="N11E20" type="subsection">E.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274784" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274784" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326315" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326315" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E36" part="chapter5" ref="N11E36" type="section">E.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E3D" part="chapter5" ref="N11E3D" type="citenumber">115</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274785" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274785" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326316" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326316" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E57" part="chapter5" ref="N11E57" type="section">E.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E6A" part="chapter5" ref="N11E6A" type="citenumber">116</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E76" part="chapter5" ref="N11E76" type="citenumber">117</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274786" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274786" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326317" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326317" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E8F" part="chapter5" ref="N11E8F" type="section">E.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E99" part="chapter5" ref="N11E99" type="citenumber">118</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E9F" part="chapter5" ref="N11E9F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11EDE" part="chapter5" ref="N11EDE" type="citenumber">119</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EE1" part="chapter5" ref="N11EE1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274787" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274787" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326318" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326318" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F37" part="chapter5" ref="N11F37" type="section">E.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F41" part="chapter5" ref="N11F41" type="citenumber">120</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274788" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc118274788" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326319" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc131326319" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter6" part="chapter6" ref="chapter6" type="chapter">F</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F5E" part="chapter6" ref="N11F5E" type="section">F.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F63" part="chapter6" ref="N11F63" type="helpercitenumber">120</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F6A" part="chapter6" ref="N11F6A" type="section">F.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F71" part="chapter6" ref="N11F71" type="citenumber">121</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F7C" part="chapter6" ref="N11F7C" type="section">F.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F89" part="chapter6" ref="N11F89" type="citenumber">122</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F94" part="chapter6" ref="N11F94" type="section">F.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F9B" part="chapter6" ref="N11F9B" type="citenumber">123</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FA6" part="chapter6" ref="N11FA6" type="section">F.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FAD" part="chapter6" ref="N11FAD" type="citenumber">124</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274790" part="chapter6" ref="_Toc118274790" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326321" part="chapter6" ref="_Toc131326321" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="N11FC0" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N11FC2" part="N11FC2" ref="N11FC2" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FC9" part="N11FC2" ref="N11FC9" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref19709020" part="N11FC2" ref="I_Ref19709020" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274729" part="N11FC2" ref="_Toc118274729" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326260" part="N11FC2" ref="_Toc131326260" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N121FD" part="N121FD" ref="N121FD" type="bibliography">Literaturverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274791" part="N121FD" ref="_Toc118274791" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326322" part="N121FD" ref="_Toc131326322" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N122EA" part="N122EA" ref="N122EA" type="vita">Lebenslauf</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122F1" part="N122EA" ref="N122F1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc118274792" part="N122EA" ref="_Toc118274792" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326323" part="N122EA" ref="_Toc131326323" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N125BF" part="N125BF" ref="N125BF" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274793" part="N125BF" ref="_Toc118274793" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326324" part="N125BF" ref="_Toc131326324" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N125E9" part="N125E9" ref="N125E9" type="declaration">Eidesstattliche Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc118274794" part="N125E9" ref="_Toc118274794" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc131326325" part="N125E9" ref="_Toc131326325" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1260A" part="N1260A" ref="N1260A" type="appendix">Materialsammlung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1260C" part="N1260A" ref="N1260C" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N1260F" part="N1260A" ref="N1260F" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12615" part="N1260A" ref="N12615" type="p"/><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus der Klinik für Neonatologie (Campus Mitte) der medizinischen Fakultät der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin</school><submission>DISSERTATION</submission><title>Verbesserung der medizinischen Versorgung und des Outcomes sehr kleiner und leichter Frühgeborener durch klinisches Benchmarking</title><degree>Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät der Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin</major><author>von <br/><given>Carolin</given>
         <surname>Bätzel</surname>
         <suffix>aus Waiblingen</suffix>
      </author><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. R. Wauer; Klinik für Neonatologie der Charité Berlin, Campus Mitte</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. R. Schwarze; Klinik für Kinderheilkunde, Neonatologie und Intensivmedizin desUniversitätsklinikum Carl-Gustav Carus an der TU Dresden</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. B. Urlesberger; Klinische Abteilung für Neonatologie der univ. Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde in Graz</name>
      </approvals><date>eingereicht: 09.11.2005</date><date>Datum der Promotion: 27.03.2006</date><abstract lang="de">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p>In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde anhand der im Rahmen des Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Networks erhobenen Daten an der Berliner Klinik für Neonatologie der Charité Campus Mitte und der Abteilung für neonatologische Intensivmedizin der Universitätskinderklinik in Innsbruck ein Benchmarking-Projekt für die Jahre 1997 bis 2001 durchgeführt. Nach der Analyse des Outcomes wurde eine Analyse der externen Evidenz anhand von Literatursuche in PubMed und der Cochrane Datenbank für systematische Reviews durchgeführt. Danach wurde ein Fragebogen entworfen, der gezielt Handlungsstrategien und -richtlinien bezüglich der relevanten Outcome-Parameter erfragt. Für das Benchmarking-Projekt wurden das Atemnotsyndrom, die nekrotisierende Enterokolitis und die bakteriellen Infektionen ausgewählt. Die Analyse der Handlungsstrategien durch den Fragebogen zeigte, dass in den drei Bereichen respiratorische Interventionen, Nahrung und Ernährung sowie im Infektionsmanagement Unterschiede vorlagen. In der Diskussion zeigte sich, dass in vielen Bereichen noch Bedarf nach guter externer Evidenz und weiterer Forschung besteht.</p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="de">
         <keyword>Benchmarking</keyword>
         <keyword>Qualitätsmanagement</keyword>
         <keyword>Handlungsrichtlinien</keyword>
         <keyword>Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Network</keyword>
         <keyword>very-low-birth-weight-Frühgeborene</keyword>
         <keyword>chronische und akute Morbidität</keyword>
         <keyword>Atemnotsyndrom</keyword>
         <keyword>nekrotisierende Enterokolitis</keyword>
         <keyword>bakterielle Infektionen</keyword>
         <keyword>Sepsis</keyword>
         <keyword>respiratorische Interventionen</keyword>
         <keyword>Nahrung und Ernährung</keyword>
         <keyword>Infektionsmanagement</keyword>
         <keyword>Liegedauer</keyword>
         <keyword>Sauerstoffgrenzwert</keyword>
         <keyword>Surfactanttherapie</keyword>
         <keyword>Thrombozytengrenzwert</keyword>
         <keyword>Thrombozytopnie</keyword>
         <keyword>Pasteurisierung von Muttermilch</keyword>
         <keyword>Heparinisierung</keyword>
         <keyword>Antibiotikaprophylaxe</keyword>
      </keywords><abstract lang="en">
         <head>Abstract</head>
         <p>This dissertation presents the results of a 1997 - 2001 benchmark project in co-operation with the "Berliner Klinik für Neonatologie der Charité Campus Mitte" and the "Abteilung für neonatologische Intensivmedizin der Universitätskinderklinik" in Innsbruck. The study is based on the Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Network's data. After analysing the results, further evidence was analysed by way of literary research in PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Afterwards, a questionnaire was created, lining out the clinical guidelines of the relevant outcome parameters. The respiratory distress syndrom, the necrotising enterocolitis and the bacterial infections were selected for the benchmark. The internal guidelines' analysis showed that there were differences between the two clinics' results in respiratory interventions, feeding and the management of infections. The discussion made clear that research based on further evidence is necessary in many fields.</p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="en">
         <keyword>Benchmarking</keyword>
         <keyword>management of quality</keyword>
         <keyword>guidelines</keyword>
         <keyword>Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Network</keyword>
         <keyword>very-low-birth-weight neonates</keyword>
         <keyword>chronic and akute morbidity</keyword>
         <keyword>respiratory distress syndrome</keyword>
         <keyword>necrotising enterocolitis</keyword>
         <keyword>bacterial infections</keyword>
         <keyword>sepsis</keyword>
         <keyword>respiratory interventions</keyword>
         <keyword>feeding</keyword>
         <keyword>management of infections</keyword>
         <keyword>length of stay</keyword>
         <keyword>thrombocytopenia</keyword>
         <keyword>platelet count</keyword>
      </keywords><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">A</link> Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N100C8">A.1</link> 
               
               Senkung der Langzeitmorbidität Frühgeborener - eine Hauptaufgabe der Neo-natologie</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10133">A.2</link> Benchmarking - eine Methode zur Verbesserung der Prozessqualität<ul><li><p><link ref="N10138">A.2.1</link> 
                  
                  Qualitätsunterschiede als Problem in der medizinischen Versorgung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1016B">A.2.2</link> Grundprinzipien der Verbesserung medizinischer Qualität</p></li><li><p><link ref="N101BA">A.2.3</link> Methoden zur Verbesserung der Qualität in der medizinischen Versorgung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N101F6">A.2.4</link> Klinisches Benchmarking</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10266">A.3</link> Qualitätsverbesserung und Reduktion chronischer Erkrankungen in der Neonatologie durch klinisches Benchmarking<ul><li><p><link ref="N10283">A.3.1</link> 
                  
                  Datenerfassung in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102AA">A.3.2</link> Das <em>Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Network</em> (VONN)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102E6">A.3.3</link> Klinisches Benchmarking in Berlin und Innsbruck - detaillierte Beschreibung und Zielstellung der Arbeit</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">B</link> Material und Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N10335">B.1</link> 
               
               Analyse des <em>Outcome</em>
            <ul><li><p><link ref="N10343">B.1.1</link> 
                  
                  Datenerfassung<ul><li><p><link ref="N1034E">B.1.1.1</link> Patientendatenbögen des VONN</p></li><li><p><link ref="N103C9">B.1.1.2</link> Erfassung der Daten des <em>Vermont-Oxford-Neonatal-Networks</em>
                  </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N105A1">B.1.2</link> Auswertung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105D2">B.1.3</link> Definition von &#8222;Problem&#8220;- und &#8222;Exzellenz&#8220;-Parametern</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10606">B.2</link> Analyse von externer Evidenz</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10681">B.3</link> Erfassung interner Handlungsrichtlinien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N106A8">B.4</link> Statistik</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">C</link> Ergebnisse I: Analyse des <em>Outcome</em>
         <ul><li><p><link ref="N106CC">C.1</link> 
               
               Perinatale Parameter<ul><li><p><link ref="N106D7">C.1.1</link> 
                  
                  Patientenpopulation<ul><li><p><link ref="N106E2">C.1.1.1</link> Anzahl der Frühgeborenen und Verteilung der Gewichtsgruppen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N106F7">C.1.1.2</link> Geschlechterverteilung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10767">C.1.1.3</link> Inborn-Rate</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10783">C.1.2</link> Perinatale Betreuung<ul><li><p><link ref="N10788">C.1.2.1</link> Schwangerenvorsorge</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1079D">C.1.2.2</link> Gabe von antenatalen Steroiden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N107B8">C.1.2.3</link> Entbindungen per Kaiserschnitt</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10881">C.2</link> Akute und chronische Morbidität<ul><li><p><link ref="N10886">C.2.1</link> 
                  
                  Pulmonale Morbidität<ul><li><p><link ref="N10891">C.2.1.1</link> Atemnotsyndrom (ANS)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10955">C.2.1.2</link> Bronchopulmonale Dysplasie (BPD)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1095E">C.2.1.3</link> Sauerstofftherapie beziehungsweise Beatmung am 28. Lebenstag</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1097A">C.2.1.4</link> Sauerstofftherapie in der 36. Schwangerschaftswoche p. c.</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AF0">C.2.1.5</link> Pneumothorax</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B12">C.2.2</link> Symptomatischer persistierender Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B9D">C.2.3</link> Nekrotisierende Enterokolitis (NEC)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C74">C.2.4</link> Bakterielle Infektionen<ul><li><p><link ref="N10C85">C.2.4.1</link> Frühsepsis</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C9A">C.2.4.2</link> Spätsepsis</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E18">C.2.5</link> Zentrales Nervensystem<ul><li><p><link ref="N10E1D">C.2.5.1</link> Neugeborenenretinopathie (Retinopathia praematorum &#8211; ROP)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EDB">C.2.5.2</link> Intraventrikuläre Hämorrhagie (IVH)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EF0">C.2.5.3</link> Periventrikuläre Leukomalazie (PVL)</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10FDC">C.3</link> Mortalität<ul><li><p><link ref="N10FE1">C.3.1</link> Neonatale Mortalität</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10FF8">C.3.2</link> Stationäre Mortalität</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N110D7">C.4</link> Liegedauer</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11138">C.5</link> Bilanz: Auswertung des <em>Outcome</em>
            </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">D</link> Ergebnisse II: Erfassung der internen Handlungsabläufe bzw. &#8211;prozesse<ul><li><p><link ref="N113E6">D.1</link> 
               
               Respiratorische Interventionen (VONN)<ul><li><p><link ref="N113F1">D.1.1</link> 
                  
                  Sauerstoffsupplementation<ul><li><p><link ref="N113FC">D.1.1.1</link> Sauerstoffsupplementation im Kreißsaal</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11467">D.1.1.2</link> Sauerstoffsupplementation auf Station</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N114DE">D.1.2</link> Beatmung<ul><li><p><link ref="N114E3">D.1.2.1</link> Beatmung im Kreißsaal</p></li><li><p><link ref="N114FD">D.1.2.2</link> Beatmung auf Station</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11718">D.1.3</link> Surfactantgabe</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N117FA">D.2</link> Interne Handlungsrichtlinien<ul><li><p><link ref="N11802">D.2.1</link> 
                  
                  Blut und Blutgase<ul><li><p><link ref="N1180D">D.2.1.1</link> Transfusionsgrenzwert für Thrombozyten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11819">D.2.1.2</link> Blutdruck</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1182E">D.2.1.3</link> Blutgase und Blutgasüberwachung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1189E">D.2.2</link> Nahrung und Ernährung<ul><li><p><link ref="N118A3">D.2.2.1</link> Mutter- bzw. Spendermilch</p></li><li><p><link ref="N118C1">D.2.2.2</link> Ernährungsregime</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11954">D.2.2.3</link> Magensonde und Prophylaxe im Magen-Darm-Trakt</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11985">D.2.3</link> Infektionsmanagement<ul><li><p><link ref="N1198A">D.2.3.1</link> Blutkulturen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N119BA">D.2.3.2</link> Zentrale Zugänge und Blasenkatheter</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A4E">D.3</link> Bilanz: Erfassung der internen Handlungsrichtlinien</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">E</link> Diskussion<ul><li><p><link ref="N11ABC">E.1</link> 
               
               Respiratorische Morbidität<ul><li><p><link ref="N11ACD">E.1.1</link> 
                  
                  Kritische Evaluation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11AEB">E.1.2</link> Betrachtung der Handlungsrichtlinien<ul><li><p><link ref="N11AF0">E.1.2.1</link> Prä- und perinatale Versorgung der Frühgeborenen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B0D">E.1.2.2</link> Erstversorgung der Frühgeborenen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B37">E.1.2.3</link> Weitere Versorgung der Frühgeborenen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B60">E.1.3</link> Bilanz: respiratorische Morbidität</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B85">E.2</link> Gastrointestinale Probleme<ul><li><p><link ref="N11B8F">E.2.1</link> 
                  
                  Kritische Evaluation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11BC8">E.2.2</link> Betrachtung der Handlungsrichtlinien<ul><li><p><link ref="N11BCD">E.2.2.1</link> Ursache der NEC</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11BE2">E.2.2.2</link> Muttermilchpasteurisierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C0C">E.2.2.3</link> Ernährung (Häufigkeit und Menge)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C4C">E.2.2.4</link> Liegedauer bei liegender Magensonde</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C61">E.2.2.5</link> Prophylaktische Antimykotikagabe bei liegender Magensonde</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C8C">E.2.3</link> Bilanz: gastrointestinale Probleme</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CA5">E.3</link> Bakterielle Infektionen<ul><li><p><link ref="N11CBC">E.3.1</link> 
                  
                  Kritische Evaluation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CE9">E.3.2</link> Betrachtung der Handlungsrichtlinien<ul><li><p><link ref="N11CEE">E.3.2.1</link> Ursachen von bakteriellen Infektionen </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D2D">E.3.2.2</link> Blutkulturabnahme</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D75">E.3.2.3</link> Liegedauer zentraler Zugänge</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DAB">E.3.2.4</link> Heparinisierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DCB">E.3.2.5</link> Antibiotikaprophylaxe bei liegendem Blasenkatheter</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DE3">E.3.2.6</link> Thrombozytentransfusionen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E20">E.3.3</link> Bilanz: Infektionsmanagement und Prophylaxe von Infektionen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E36">E.4</link> Liegezeit</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E57">E.5</link> Methodenkritik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E8F">E.6</link> Bilanz: Diskussion</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F37">E.7</link> Ausblick</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter6">F</link> Zusammenfassung<ul><li><p><link ref="N11F5E">F.1</link> Einleitung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F6A">F.2</link> Material und Methoden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F7C">F.3</link> Ergebnisse </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F94">F.4</link> Diskussion</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FA6">F.5</link> Ausblick</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FC2">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121FD">Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N122EA">Lebenslauf</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N125BF">Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N125E9">Eidesstattliche Erklärung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1260A">Materialsammlung</link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>