Visual pigment evolution and the paleobiology of early mammalsConstanze Bickelmann1.1.1.1.1.1.121.1.2.604#382341.1.3.5604#439671.2.1.2.1.891.2.2.10604#4541.3.1.3.1.1112604#17713255#13614604#213151.3.2.16604#4261718604#7041.4.1.4.1.1920604#662211.4.2.22231.4.3.24251.5.26272.272.1.2.1.1.248#2622.1.2.28443#84229302.1.3.312.1.4.322.1.5.2.1.6.332.1.7.34352.1.8.36373839116#944041424344455#6602.2.2.2.1.452.2.2.4647604#5682.2.3.2.2.3.1.48492.2.3.2.502.2.3.3.512.2.3.4.5253542.2.4.553.553.1.3.1.1.56604#4353.1.2.573.1.3.5859597#3643.1.4.6061604#408623.1.5.6364604#688653.1.6.6667604#7213.1.7.68693.2.3.2.1.7071601#5383.2.2.72579#6303.3.733.3.1.743.3.2.75763.3.3.77783.4.3.4.1.793.4.2.80818283843.4.3.8586878889903.4.4.91603#3644.914.1.4.1.1.9293944.1.2.95964.1.3.97984.1.4.991004.2.4.2.1.1011024.2.2.103604#3361041054.2.3.1061074.2.4.1084.3.4.3.1.109578#9524.3.2.110111603#2664.3.3.112603#3521134.3.4.4.4.114115116117AcknowledgementsLiterature citedPublicationsConference presentationsErklärungdeInhaltsverzeichnisHilfe Literature cited Abdala, F. 2007. Redescription of Platycraniellus elegans (Therapsida, Cynodontia) from the lower Triassic of South Africa, and the cladistic relationships of Eutheriodonts. Palaeontology 50(3): 591-618. Abdala, F., Rubidge, B.S., and Van Den Heever, J. 2008. The oldest Therocephalians (Therapsida, Eutheriodontia) and the early diversification of Therapsida. Palaeontology 51(4): 1011-1024. Abdala, F. and Ribeiro, A.M. 2010. Distribution and diversity patterns of Triassic cynodonts (Therapsida, Cynodontia) in Gondwana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 286: 202-217. Ahnelt, P.K. and Kolb, H. 2000. The mammalian photoreceptor mosaic-adaptive design. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 19(6): 711-777. Ala-Laurila, P., Saarinen, P., Albert, R., Koskelainen, A., and Donner, K.. 2002. Temperature effects on spectral properties of red and green rods in toad retina. Visual Neuroscience 19: 781-792. Altun, A., Yokoyama, S., and Morokuma, K. 2008. Spectral tuning in visual pigments: An ONIOM(QM:MM) study on bovine rhodopsin and its mutants. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 112: 6814-6827. Asher, R.J. and Helgen, K.M. 2010. Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:102.  Baba, M.L., Goodman, M., Berger-Cohn, J., Demaille, J.G., and Matsuda, G. 1984. The early adaptive evolution of calmodulin. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1(6): 442-455. Baehr, J.F., Falk, J.D., Bugra, K., Triantafyllos, J.T., and McGinnis, J.F. 1988. Isolation and analysis of the mouse opsin gene. FEBS Letters 238: 253-256. Bakewell, M.A., Shi, P., and Zhang, J. 2007 . More genes underwent positive selection in chimpanzee evolution than in human evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104: 7489-7494. Bakker, R.T. 1971. Dinosaur physiology and the origin of mammals. Evolution 25: 636-658. Baylor, A., Lamb, T.D., and Yau, K.-W. 1979. Responses of retinal rods to single photons. Journal of Physiology 288: 613-634. Baylor, D.A., Nunn, B.J., and Schnapf, J.L. 1984. The photocurrent, noise, and spectral sensitivity of rods of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. Journal of Physiology 357: 575-607. Bennett, A.F. and Ruben, J. 1979 . Endothermy and the activity in vertebrates. Science 206: 649-654. Bininda-Emonds, O., Cardillo, M., Jones, K.E., MacPhee, R.D.E., Beck, R.M.D., Grenyer, R., Price, S.A., Vos, R.A., Gittleman, J.L., and Purvis, A. 2007. The delayed rise of present-day mammals. Nature 466: 507-512. Blumer, K.J. 2004. The need for speed. Nature 427: 20-21. Boisvert, M. and Grisham, J. 1988. Reproduction of the short-nosed echidna Tachyglossus aculeatus at the Oklahoma City Zoo. International Zoo Yearbook 27: 103-108. Bolk, L., Göppert, E., Kallius, E., Lubosch, W. 1934. Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbeltiere. Urban & Schwarzenberg,

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