<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry id="front" part="front" ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">The role of the Met tyrosine kinase receptor in skin maintenance and regeneration</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Jolanta  Chmielowiec</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1003F" part="N1003F" ref="N1003F" type="preface"/><cms:entry id="N10045" part="N1003F" ref="N10045" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1004A" type="preface">Zusammenfassung</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N10057" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">Introduction </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10064" part="chapter1" ref="N10064" type="section">Wound healing in the skin </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10069" part="chapter1" ref="N10069" type="helpercitenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10074" part="chapter1" ref="N10074" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1007A" part="chapter1" ref="N1007A" type="mm">534#427</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10088" part="chapter1" ref="N10088" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1008E" part="chapter1" ref="N1008E" type="mm">551#233</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100AB" part="chapter1" ref="N100AB" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100B0" part="chapter1" ref="N100B0" type="section">Mammalian skin</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100BD" part="chapter1" ref="N100BD" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100C3" part="chapter1" ref="N100C3" type="mm">534#328</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100CD" part="chapter1" ref="N100CD" type="section">The tyrosine kinase receptor Met</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D7" part="chapter1" ref="N100D7" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100DF" part="chapter1" ref="N100DF" type="section">Met signal transduction</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E9" part="chapter1" ref="N100E9" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100EC" part="chapter1" ref="N100EC" type="mm">534#372</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FA" part="chapter1" ref="N100FA" type="mm">534#608</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10105" part="chapter1" ref="N10105" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10111" part="chapter1" ref="N10111" type="mm">550#226</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1011E" part="chapter1" ref="N1011E" type="section">Met signalling during development</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10125" part="chapter1" ref="N10125" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1012B" part="chapter1" ref="N1012B" type="mm">534#201</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10139" part="chapter1" ref="N10139" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10144" part="chapter1" ref="N10144" type="section">Met function in the adult </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10150" part="chapter1" ref="N10150" type="section">The aim of the study</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10157" part="chapter1" ref="N10157" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">Results</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10171" part="chapter2" ref="N10171" type="section">Expression of Met and HGF/SF in the skin and during skin wound healing</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10176" part="chapter2" ref="N10176" type="helpercitenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1017E" part="chapter2" ref="N1017E" type="mm">538#189</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10189" part="chapter2" ref="N10189" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1018F" part="chapter2" ref="N1018F" type="mm">451#190</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10199" part="chapter2" ref="N10199" type="section">Generation of mice deficient in Met in keratinocytes </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101B8" part="chapter2" ref="N101B8" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101D3" part="chapter2" ref="N101D3" type="mm">476#382</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101E1" part="chapter2" ref="N101E1" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101E4" part="chapter2" ref="N101E4" type="mm">393#294</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101F1" part="chapter2" ref="N101F1" type="section">Met signaling during generation and maintenance of the skin</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101FB" part="chapter2" ref="N101FB" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101FE" part="chapter2" ref="N101FE" type="mm">382#658</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1020C" part="chapter2" ref="N1020C" type="mm">507#434</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10217" part="chapter2" ref="N10217" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1021C" part="chapter2" ref="N1021C" type="section">Wound closure in conditional Met mutant mice</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10229" part="chapter2" ref="N10229" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1022C" part="chapter2" ref="N1022C" type="mm">380#672</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1023A" part="chapter2" ref="N1023A" type="mm">390#148</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10245" part="chapter2" ref="N10245" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1024E" part="chapter2" ref="N1024E" type="mm">534#696</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1025C" part="chapter2" ref="N1025C" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10262" part="chapter2" ref="N10262" type="mm">584#554</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1026C" part="chapter2" ref="N1026C" type="section">Contribution of cells in the hyperproliferative epithelium</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10288" part="chapter2" ref="N10288" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1028B" part="chapter2" ref="N1028B" type="mm">436#419</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10299" part="chapter2" ref="N10299" type="mm">481#300</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102A4" part="chapter2" ref="N102A4" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102A9" part="chapter2" ref="N102A9" type="section">Scratch-wound healing of Met mutant keratinocytes in cell culture</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102B3" part="chapter2" ref="N102B3" type="mm">585#213</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102BE" part="chapter2" ref="N102BE" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102C4" part="chapter2" ref="N102C4" type="mm">587#474</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102DB" part="chapter2" ref="N102DB" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102DE" part="chapter2" ref="N102DE" type="mm">612#376</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102E8" part="chapter2" ref="N102E8" type="section">Cytoskeleton rearrangement in cultured scratchwounded keratinocytes </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102F2" part="chapter2" ref="N102F2" type="mm">476#941</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102FD" part="chapter2" ref="N102FD" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK3" part="chapter2" ref="OLE_LINK3" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10305" part="chapter2" ref="N10305" type="section">Signal transduction in primary keratinocytes</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10315" part="chapter2" ref="N10315" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10318" part="chapter2" ref="N10318" type="mm">586#731</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">Discussion</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10328" part="chapter3" ref="N10328" type="helpercitenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1032E" part="chapter3" ref="N1032E" type="section">Conditional mutagenesis to investigate Met function in the skin</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10338" part="chapter3" ref="N10338" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10353" part="chapter3" ref="N10353" type="section">The role of the tyrosine kinase receptor Met in the skin</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10369" part="chapter3" ref="N10369" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="bbib45" part="chapter3" ref="bbib45" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10392" part="chapter3" ref="N10392" type="section">Only non-recombined cells contribute to wound healing</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10399" part="chapter3" ref="N10399" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103A1" part="chapter3" ref="N103A1" type="section">The role of HGF/SF and Met in development and regeneration</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103AB" part="chapter3" ref="N103AB" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103BC" part="chapter3" ref="N103BC" type="section">Only Met-positive keratinocytes contribute to healing of scratch-wounds in vitro</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103C3" part="chapter3" ref="N103C3" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103DD" part="chapter3" ref="N103DD" type="section">The Met receptor as a therapeutically target</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">Materials and Methods</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103EE" part="chapter4" ref="N103EE" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103F5" part="chapter4" ref="N103F5" type="section">Extraction and purification of DNA</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10402" part="chapter4" ref="N10402" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1041D" part="chapter4" ref="N1041D" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10425" part="chapter4" ref="N10425" type="section">Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10432" part="chapter4" ref="N10432" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10520" part="chapter4" ref="N10520" type="section">Southern blotting</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10527" part="chapter4" ref="N10527" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10538" part="chapter4" ref="N10538" type="section">Cell culture</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10545" part="chapter4" ref="N10545" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1054A" part="chapter4" ref="N1054A" type="section">Wounding of skin</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10553" part="chapter4" ref="N10553" type="section">Immunhistochemical techniques</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10560" part="chapter4" ref="N10560" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10572" part="chapter4" ref="N10572" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1058D" part="chapter4" ref="N1058D" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105A8" part="chapter4" ref="N105A8" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105C6" part="chapter4" ref="N105C6" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105D8" part="chapter4" ref="N105D8" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10602" part="chapter4" ref="N10602" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1060D" part="chapter4" ref="N1060D" type="section">Protein biochemistry </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1061D" part="chapter4" ref="N1061D" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1062F" part="chapter4" ref="N1062F" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10632" part="chapter4" ref="N10632" type="mm">534#216</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10645" part="chapter4" ref="N10645" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10654" part="chapter4" ref="N10654" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10666" part="chapter4" ref="N10666" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N10670" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N10672" part="N10672" ref="N10672" type="abbreviation">Abbreviations</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10679" part="N10672" ref="N10679" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10A8A" part="N10A8A" ref="N10A8A" type="bibliography">References</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DB7" part="N11DB7" ref="N11DB7" type="declaration">Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DC6" part="N11DC6" ref="N11DC6" type="appendix">Publications</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DC8" part="N11DC6" ref="N11DC8" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N11DCB" part="N11DC6" ref="N11DCB" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N11DD4" part="N11DC6" ref="N11DD4" type="p"/><cms:entry part="N1004A" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">en</cms:entry><cms:entry id=":contents" part="front" ref=":contents" type=":contents">Table of contents</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Help</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><preface id="N1004A">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p>Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Ergebnisse erlauben neue Einblicke in die Funktion der Rezeptortyrosinkinase Met für die Erhaltung und Regeneration der Haut. Es zeigte sich, dass Met und der korrespondierende Ligand HGF/SF im hyperproliferativen Epithelium von Hautwunden exprimiert sind. Aus diesem Grund ist es wahrscheinlich, dass der Rezeptor und sein Ligand in autokriner Weise wechselwirken und wichtige Funktionen für den Heilungsprozess der Haut besitzen. Um die Bedeutung des Met-Rezeptors für die Entwicklung, Erhaltung und Wundheilung der Haut zu bestimmen, wurde das für den Met-Rezeptor kodierende Gen spezifisch in der Epidermis unter Verwendung einer Keratin 14 Cre-Rekombinase mutiert. In der Tat zeigten die Ergebnisse, dass Met für die Re-epithelisierung in Wundschlussprozessen essentiell ist, da in den an der Wundheilung beteiligten Keratinozyten keine Rekombination des Met-Gens stattgefunden hat. In Met-Mausmutanten war der Wundschlussprozess verlangsamt, denn er erfolgte ausschließlich durch wenige (~5%) Keratinozyten, in denen die Cre-Rekombinase keine Rekombination bewirkte. Das Wundepithelium kann also nur von Zellen gebildet werden, die einen funktionalen Met-Rezeptor besitzen. Obwohl Met und HGF/SF auch im intakten Gewebe der Haut exprimiert werden, hatte der Funktionsverlust des Rezeptors weder Einfluss auf die Entwicklung und Erhaltung der Epidermis, noch auf die Regulation des Haarzyklus.</p>
         <p>In Zellkulturexperimenten konnten erste Hinweise gefunden werden, weshalb Met-defiziente Keratinozyten nicht zur Wundheilung beitragen. In-vitro-Wundheilungsversuche (sog. Scratch-Assays) zeigten, dass kultivierte Met-defiziente Keratinozyten selbst in Gegenwart von HGF/SF die Fähigkeit zur Proliferation, zur Reorientierung und zur Migration verloren.   </p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N10057" start="2"/>Zusammengefasst konnte in dieser Studie zum ersten Mal die Bedeutung des Met-Signalweges für regenerative Prozesse der Epidermis <em>in vivo</em> gezeigt werden. Met konnte als erstes Gen identifiziert werden, das absolut erforderlich für Re-epithelisierungsprozesse von Wunden ist. Diese Arbeit trägt daher wesentlich zum Verständnis der Regulation von Wundheilungsprozessen bei.  </p>
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