<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Sonographie des Durchmessers der Vena cava inferior und Bioimpedanzanalyse - zwei Methoden zur Beurteilung des Flüssigkeitsstatus von Kindern an der Hämodialyse und der Peritonealdialyse</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Tobias Dietel</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1004E" part="chapter1" ref="N1004E" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10056" part="chapter1" ref="N10056" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10073" part="chapter1" ref="N10073" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100B7" part="chapter1" ref="N100B7" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100DF" part="chapter1" ref="N100DF" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10117" part="chapter1" ref="N10117" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1011C" part="chapter1" ref="N1011C" type="subsection">1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1012A" part="chapter1" ref="N1012A" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10146" part="chapter1" ref="N10146" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1016D" part="chapter1" ref="N1016D" type="subsection">1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10174" part="chapter1" ref="N10174" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10198" part="chapter1" ref="N10198" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101A5" part="chapter1" ref="N101A5" type="subsection">1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101AC" part="chapter1" ref="N101AC" type="mm">173#216</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101DB" part="chapter1" ref="N101DB" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101ED" part="chapter1" ref="N101ED" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10202" part="chapter1" ref="N10202" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10213" part="chapter1" ref="N10213" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10220" part="chapter1" ref="N10220" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10228" part="chapter1" ref="N10228" type="subsection">1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10235" part="chapter1" ref="N10235" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1023E" part="chapter1" ref="N1023E" type="subsection">1.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10256" part="chapter1" ref="N10256" type="subsection">1.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1025D" part="chapter1" ref="N1025D" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10285" part="chapter1" ref="N10285" type="section">1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1028C" part="chapter1" ref="N1028C" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202454" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202454" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202540" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202540" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202551" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202551" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202629" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202629" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202655" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202655" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202663" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202663" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62202682" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62202682" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209179" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209179" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209196" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209196" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209414" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209414" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209438" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209438" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209888" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209888" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref62209907" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref62209907" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102F7" part="chapter2" ref="N102F7" type="section">2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102FC" part="chapter2" ref="N102FC" type="helpercitenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10304" part="chapter2" ref="N10304" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10318" part="chapter2" ref="N10318" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10327" part="chapter2" ref="N10327" type="section">2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1032C" part="chapter2" ref="N1032C" type="subsection">2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10333" part="chapter2" ref="N10333" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1034F" part="chapter2" ref="N1034F" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10376" part="chapter2" ref="N10376" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1037B" part="chapter2" ref="N1037B" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1037E" part="chapter2" ref="N1037E" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10385" part="chapter2" ref="N10385" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10464" part="chapter2" ref="N10464" type="subsection">2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1046B" part="chapter2" ref="N1046B" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10477" part="chapter2" ref="N10477" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10484" part="chapter2" ref="N10484" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10487" part="chapter2" ref="N10487" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1049E" part="chapter2" ref="N1049E" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104C7" part="chapter2" ref="N104C7" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104CA" part="chapter2" ref="N104CA" type="mm">408#288</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104D7" part="chapter2" ref="N104D7" type="mm">408#294</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104E4" part="chapter2" ref="N104E4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N105F4" part="chapter2" ref="N105F4" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105F7" part="chapter2" ref="N105F7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10707" part="chapter2" ref="N10707" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N108B4" part="chapter2" ref="N108B4" type="subsection">2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108BB" part="chapter2" ref="N108BB" type="mm">683#276</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108C8" part="chapter2" ref="N108C8" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108CB" part="chapter2" ref="N108CB" type="mm">684#269</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D8" part="chapter2" ref="N108D8" type="mm">684#268</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108E5" part="chapter2" ref="N108E5" type="mm">683#271</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108F2" part="chapter2" ref="N108F2" type="section">2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108F7" part="chapter2" ref="N108F7" type="subsection">2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108FE" part="chapter2" ref="N108FE" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1090B" part="chapter2" ref="N1090B" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10934" part="chapter2" ref="N10934" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10942" part="chapter2" ref="N10942" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10957" part="chapter2" ref="N10957" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10965" part="chapter2" ref="N10965" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1096E" part="chapter2" ref="N1096E" type="subsection">2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1097F" part="chapter2" ref="N1097F" type="mm">463#458</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1098F" part="chapter2" ref="N1098F" type="subsection">2.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10996" part="chapter2" ref="N10996" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109E2" part="chapter2" ref="N109E2" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109FB" part="chapter2" ref="N109FB" type="section">2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A00" part="chapter2" ref="N10A00" type="subsection">2.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A07" part="chapter2" ref="N10A07" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A22" part="chapter2" ref="N10A22" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A3E" part="chapter2" ref="N10A3E" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A43" part="chapter2" ref="N10A43" type="subsection">2.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A4C" part="chapter2" ref="N10A4C" type="subsection">2.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A56" part="chapter2" ref="N10A56" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A6F" part="chapter2" ref="N10A6F" type="mm">444#284</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A7C" part="chapter2" ref="N10A7C" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A98" part="chapter2" ref="N10A98" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AA2" part="chapter2" ref="N10AA2" type="section">2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AA9" part="chapter2" ref="N10AA9" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AB3" part="chapter2" ref="N10AB3" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AB8" part="chapter2" ref="N10AB8" type="section">2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AC7" part="chapter3" ref="N10AC7" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ACC" part="chapter3" ref="N10ACC" type="subsection">3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AD1" part="chapter3" ref="N10AD1" type="helpercitenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AD3" part="chapter3" ref="N10AD3" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ADA" part="chapter3" ref="N10ADA" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AE2" part="chapter3" ref="N10AE2" type="subsection">3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AE9" part="chapter3" ref="N10AE9" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AF3" part="chapter3" ref="N10AF3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10B14" part="chapter3" ref="N10B14" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B34" part="chapter3" ref="N10B34" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B40" part="chapter3" ref="N10B40" type="mm">503#349</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B4D" part="chapter3" ref="N10B4D" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B50" part="chapter3" ref="N10B50" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E66" part="chapter3" ref="N10E66" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1117B" part="chapter3" ref="N1117B" type="subsection">3.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11184" part="chapter3" ref="N11184" type="subsection">3.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1118B" part="chapter3" ref="N1118B" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11194" part="chapter3" ref="N11194" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11291" part="chapter3" ref="N11291" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11294" part="chapter3" ref="N11294" type="mm">451#324</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112A1" part="chapter3" ref="N112A1" type="mm">451#327</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112AD" part="chapter3" ref="N112AD" type="subsection">3.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112C2" part="chapter3" ref="N112C2" type="subsection">3.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112C9" part="chapter3" ref="N112C9" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112CF" part="chapter3" ref="N112CF" type="mm">683#261</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112DC" part="chapter3" ref="N112DC" type="mm">683#262</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112EA" part="chapter3" ref="N112EA" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112ED" part="chapter3" ref="N112ED" type="mm">695#261</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112FB" part="chapter3" ref="N112FB" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11300" part="chapter3" ref="N11300" type="subsection">3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11310" part="chapter3" ref="N11310" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11321" part="chapter3" ref="N11321" type="subsection">3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11328" part="chapter3" ref="N11328" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1132B" part="chapter3" ref="N1132B" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11334" part="chapter3" ref="N11334" type="mm">527#350</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11343" part="chapter3" ref="N11343" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11346" part="chapter3" ref="N11346" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11581" part="chapter3" ref="N11581" type="subsection">3.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11590" part="chapter3" ref="N11590" type="subsection">3.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11597" part="chapter3" ref="N11597" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115A7" part="chapter3" ref="N115A7" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115AB" part="chapter3" ref="N115AB" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115B2" part="chapter3" ref="N115B2" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115B5" part="chapter3" ref="N115B5" type="mm">539#353</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115C4" part="chapter3" ref="N115C4" type="mm">515#319</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115D1" part="chapter3" ref="N115D1" type="mm">528#373</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115DD" part="chapter3" ref="N115DD" type="subsection">3.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115E4" part="chapter3" ref="N115E4" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115E7" part="chapter3" ref="N115E7" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115ED" part="chapter3" ref="N115ED" type="subsection">3.2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11605" part="chapter3" ref="N11605" type="subsection">3.2.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1160C" part="chapter3" ref="N1160C" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11612" part="chapter3" ref="N11612" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1165B" part="chapter3" ref="N1165B" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N117F2" part="chapter3" ref="N117F2" type="mm">407#267</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N117FF" part="chapter3" ref="N117FF" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11802" part="chapter3" ref="N11802" type="mm">405#262</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1180F" part="chapter3" ref="N1180F" type="mm">407#268</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1181C" part="chapter3" ref="N1181C" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11826" part="chapter3" ref="N11826" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1182F" part="chapter3" ref="N1182F" type="mm">540#340</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1183F" part="chapter3" ref="N1183F" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11849" part="chapter3" ref="N11849" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1184D" part="chapter3" ref="N1184D" type="subsection">3.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1185A" part="chapter3" ref="N1185A" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11862" part="chapter3" ref="N11862" type="subsection">3.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1186C" part="chapter3" ref="N1186C" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11872" part="chapter3" ref="N11872" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11877" part="chapter3" ref="N11877" type="subsection">3.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11880" part="chapter3" ref="N11880" type="subsection">3.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11889" part="chapter3" ref="N11889" type="subsection">3.5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11890" part="chapter3" ref="N11890" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11899" part="chapter3" ref="N11899" type="section">3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118A1" part="chapter3" ref="N118A1" type="subsection">3.6.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118A8" part="chapter3" ref="N118A8" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118AE" part="chapter3" ref="N118AE" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118B2" part="chapter3" ref="N118B2" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118BC" part="chapter3" ref="N118BC" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118C4" part="chapter3" ref="N118C4" type="subsection">3.6.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118CB" part="chapter3" ref="N118CB" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118D1" part="chapter3" ref="N118D1" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118D5" part="chapter3" ref="N118D5" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118DC" part="chapter3" ref="N118DC" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11CCE" part="chapter3" ref="N11CCE" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CD1" part="chapter3" ref="N11CD1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11F17" part="chapter3" ref="N11F17" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12153" part="chapter3" ref="N12153" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1238F" part="chapter3" ref="N1238F" type="section">3.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12396" part="chapter3" ref="N12396" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1239D" part="chapter3" ref="N1239D" type="subsection">3.7.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123A7" part="chapter3" ref="N123A7" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123AF" part="chapter3" ref="N123AF" type="subsection">3.7.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123BC" part="chapter3" ref="N123BC" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123BF" part="chapter3" ref="N123BF" type="mm">516#299</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123CF" part="chapter3" ref="N123CF" type="section">3.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123D7" part="chapter3" ref="N123D7" type="subsection">3.8.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123DE" part="chapter3" ref="N123DE" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123E1" part="chapter3" ref="N123E1" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123E5" part="chapter3" ref="N123E5" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123E9" part="chapter3" ref="N123E9" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123ED" part="chapter3" ref="N123ED" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123F1" part="chapter3" ref="N123F1" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123F5" part="chapter3" ref="N123F5" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123F9" part="chapter3" ref="N123F9" type="mm">18#20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123FF" part="chapter3" ref="N123FF" type="subsection">3.8.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1240C" part="chapter3" ref="N1240C" type="section">3.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12419" part="chapter3" ref="N12419" type="citenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1241C" part="chapter3" ref="N1241C" type="mm">528#361</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12429" part="chapter3" ref="N12429" type="mm">528#359</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12436" part="chapter3" ref="N12436" type="mm">528#301</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12447" part="chapter3" ref="N12447" type="citenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1244A" part="chapter3" ref="N1244A" type="mm">539#314</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12459" part="chapter3" ref="N12459" type="section">3.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12472" part="chapter3" ref="N12472" type="citenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12487" part="chapter3" ref="N12487" type="citenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12490" part="chapter3" ref="N12490" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N126D8" part="chapter3" ref="N126D8" type="citenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N126DB" part="chapter3" ref="N126DB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12855" part="chapter3" ref="N12855" type="mm">648#249</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12866" part="chapter3" ref="N12866" type="mm">648#248</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12877" part="chapter3" ref="N12877" type="citenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1287A" part="chapter3" ref="N1287A" type="mm">637#238</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12889" part="chapter3" ref="N12889" type="section">3.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128A8" part="chapter3" ref="N128A8" type="citenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128B4" part="chapter3" ref="N128B4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12AF7" part="chapter3" ref="N12AF7" type="citenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12AFA" part="chapter3" ref="N12AFA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12C71" part="chapter3" ref="N12C71" type="mm">361#236</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C82" part="chapter3" ref="N12C82" type="mm">361#236</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C93" part="chapter3" ref="N12C93" type="citenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C96" part="chapter3" ref="N12C96" type="mm">361#237</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CA6" part="chapter3" ref="N12CA6" type="section">3.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CB9" part="chapter3" ref="N12CB9" type="citenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CBC" part="chapter3" ref="N12CBC" type="mm">538#853</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CCE" part="chapter4" ref="N12CCE" type="helpercitenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CD1" part="chapter4" ref="N12CD1" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CD8" part="chapter4" ref="N12CD8" type="citenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D2C" part="chapter4" ref="N12D2C" type="citenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D63" part="chapter4" ref="N12D63" type="section">4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D8D" part="chapter4" ref="N12D8D" type="citenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12DC0" part="chapter4" ref="N12DC0" type="section">4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12DC7" part="chapter4" ref="N12DC7" type="citenumber">84</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12DE2" part="chapter4" ref="N12DE2" type="citenumber">85</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E06" part="chapter4" ref="N12E06" type="citenumber">86</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E20" part="chapter4" ref="N12E20" type="citenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E33" part="chapter4" ref="N12E33" type="citenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E43" part="chapter4" ref="N12E43" type="section">4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E50" part="chapter4" ref="N12E50" type="citenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E5F" part="chapter4" ref="N12E5F" type="citenumber">90</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E86" part="chapter4" ref="N12E86" type="citenumber">91</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E9A" part="chapter4" ref="N12E9A" type="section">4.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12EA7" part="chapter4" ref="N12EA7" type="citenumber">92</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12ECA" part="chapter4" ref="N12ECA" type="citenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F1A" part="chapter4" ref="N12F1A" type="citenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F57" part="chapter4" ref="N12F57" type="citenumber">95</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F63" part="chapter4" ref="N12F63" type="section">4.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F7A" part="chapter4" ref="N12F7A" type="citenumber">96</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F94" part="chapter4" ref="N12F94" type="citenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FB7" part="chapter4" ref="N12FB7" type="citenumber">98</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FD0" part="chapter4" ref="N12FD0" type="citenumber">99</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FDC" part="chapter4" ref="N12FDC" type="section">4.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FEA" part="chapter4" ref="N12FEA" type="citenumber">100</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FF8" part="chapter5" ref="N12FF8" type="helpercitenumber">100</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FFD" part="chapter5" ref="N12FFD" type="citenumber">101</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13009" part="chapter5" ref="N13009" type="citenumber">102</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter6" part="chapter6" ref="chapter6" type="chapter">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13013" part="chapter6" ref="N13013" type="helpercitenumber">102</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13016" part="chapter6" ref="N13016" type="section">6.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13028" part="chapter6" ref="N13028" type="citenumber">103</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1304A" part="chapter6" ref="N1304A" type="section">6.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13051" part="chapter6" ref="N13051" type="citenumber">104</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1305C" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N1305E" part="N1305E" ref="N1305E" type="bibliography">Literaturverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_bib297" part="N1305E" ref="_bib297" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib25" part="N1305E" ref="_bib25" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib22" part="N1305E" ref="_bib22" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib140" part="N1305E" ref="_bib140" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib43" part="N1305E" ref="_bib43" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib117" part="N1305E" ref="_bib117" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib390" part="N1305E" ref="_bib390" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib48" part="N1305E" ref="_bib48" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib188" part="N1305E" ref="_bib188" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib107" part="N1305E" ref="_bib107" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib157" part="N1305E" ref="_bib157" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib393" part="N1305E" ref="_bib393" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib382" part="N1305E" ref="_bib382" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib90" part="N1305E" ref="_bib90" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib314" part="N1305E" ref="_bib314" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib47" part="N1305E" ref="_bib47" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib310" part="N1305E" ref="_bib310" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib340" part="N1305E" ref="_bib340" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib198" part="N1305E" ref="_bib198" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib293" part="N1305E" ref="_bib293" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib200" part="N1305E" ref="_bib200" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib211" part="N1305E" ref="_bib211" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib280" part="N1305E" ref="_bib280" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib216" part="N1305E" ref="_bib216" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib339" part="N1305E" ref="_bib339" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib355" part="N1305E" ref="_bib355" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib265" part="N1305E" ref="_bib265" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib165" part="N1305E" ref="_bib165" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib53" part="N1305E" ref="_bib53" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib195" part="N1305E" ref="_bib195" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib379" part="N1305E" ref="_bib379" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib27" part="N1305E" ref="_bib27" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib250" part="N1305E" ref="_bib250" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib206" part="N1305E" ref="_bib206" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib33" part="N1305E" ref="_bib33" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib193" part="N1305E" ref="_bib193" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib304" part="N1305E" ref="_bib304" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib365" part="N1305E" ref="_bib365" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib263" part="N1305E" ref="_bib263" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib128" part="N1305E" ref="_bib128" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib349" part="N1305E" ref="_bib349" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib348" part="N1305E" ref="_bib348" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib129" part="N1305E" ref="_bib129" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib360" part="N1305E" ref="_bib360" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib163" part="N1305E" ref="_bib163" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib121" part="N1305E" ref="_bib121" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib118" part="N1305E" ref="_bib118" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib46" part="N1305E" ref="_bib46" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib133" part="N1305E" ref="_bib133" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib356" part="N1305E" ref="_bib356" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib0" part="N1305E" ref="_bib0" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib234" part="N1305E" ref="_bib234" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib299" part="N1305E" ref="_bib299" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib135" part="N1305E" ref="_bib135" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib137" part="N1305E" ref="_bib137" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib244" part="N1305E" ref="_bib244" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib400" part="N1305E" ref="_bib400" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib176" part="N1305E" ref="_bib176" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib13" part="N1305E" ref="_bib13" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib326" part="N1305E" ref="_bib326" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib147" part="N1305E" ref="_bib147" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib246" part="N1305E" ref="_bib246" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib139" part="N1305E" ref="_bib139" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib210" part="N1305E" ref="_bib210" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib26" part="N1305E" ref="_bib26" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib204" part="N1305E" ref="_bib204" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib131" part="N1305E" ref="_bib131" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib62" part="N1305E" ref="_bib62" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib228" part="N1305E" ref="_bib228" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib36" part="N1305E" ref="_bib36" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib189" part="N1305E" ref="_bib189" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib302" part="N1305E" ref="_bib302" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib69" part="N1305E" ref="_bib69" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib294" part="N1305E" ref="_bib294" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib427" part="N1305E" ref="_bib427" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib146" part="N1305E" ref="_bib146" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib130" part="N1305E" ref="_bib130" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib242" part="N1305E" ref="_bib242" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib380" part="N1305E" ref="_bib380" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib345" part="N1305E" ref="_bib345" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib375" part="N1305E" ref="_bib375" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib270" part="N1305E" ref="_bib270" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib309" part="N1305E" ref="_bib309" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib20" part="N1305E" ref="_bib20" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib185" part="N1305E" ref="_bib185" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib369" part="N1305E" ref="_bib369" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib187" part="N1305E" ref="_bib187" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib82" part="N1305E" ref="_bib82" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib136" part="N1305E" ref="_bib136" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib122" part="N1305E" ref="_bib122" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib266" part="N1305E" ref="_bib266" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib225" part="N1305E" ref="_bib225" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib109" part="N1305E" ref="_bib109" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib347" part="N1305E" ref="_bib347" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib240" part="N1305E" ref="_bib240" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib56" part="N1305E" ref="_bib56" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib14" part="N1305E" ref="_bib14" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib279" part="N1305E" ref="_bib279" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib186" part="N1305E" ref="_bib186" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib55" part="N1305E" ref="_bib55" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib276" part="N1305E" ref="_bib276" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib274" part="N1305E" ref="_bib274" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib151" part="N1305E" ref="_bib151" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib194" part="N1305E" ref="_bib194" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib167" part="N1305E" ref="_bib167" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib239" part="N1305E" ref="_bib239" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib91" part="N1305E" ref="_bib91" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib97" part="N1305E" ref="_bib97" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib179" part="N1305E" ref="_bib179" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib93" part="N1305E" ref="_bib93" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib180" part="N1305E" ref="_bib180" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib80" part="N1305E" ref="_bib80" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib289" part="N1305E" ref="_bib289" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib283" part="N1305E" ref="_bib283" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib221" part="N1305E" ref="_bib221" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib241" part="N1305E" ref="_bib241" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib311" part="N1305E" ref="_bib311" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib269" part="N1305E" ref="_bib269" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib108" part="N1305E" ref="_bib108" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib5" part="N1305E" ref="_bib5" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib134" part="N1305E" ref="_bib134" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib166" part="N1305E" ref="_bib166" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib54" part="N1305E" ref="_bib54" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib52" part="N1305E" ref="_bib52" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib30" part="N1305E" ref="_bib30" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib132" part="N1305E" ref="_bib132" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib386" part="N1305E" ref="_bib386" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib232" part="N1305E" ref="_bib232" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib227" part="N1305E" ref="_bib227" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib401" part="N1305E" ref="_bib401" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib316" part="N1305E" ref="_bib316" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib392" part="N1305E" ref="_bib392" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib184" part="N1305E" ref="_bib184" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib175" part="N1305E" ref="_bib175" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib252" part="N1305E" ref="_bib252" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib154" part="N1305E" ref="_bib154" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib402" part="N1305E" ref="_bib402" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib364" part="N1305E" ref="_bib364" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib222" part="N1305E" ref="_bib222" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib162" part="N1305E" ref="_bib162" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib44" part="N1305E" ref="_bib44" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib292" part="N1305E" ref="_bib292" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib190" part="N1305E" ref="_bib190" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib152" part="N1305E" ref="_bib152" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="N140C3" part="N140C3" ref="N140C3" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungen</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N140CA" part="N140C3" ref="N140CA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14746" part="N140C3" ref="N14746" type="mm">16#17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1478B" part="N1478B" ref="N1478B" type="vita">Lebenslauf von Tobias Dietel</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14792" part="N1478B" ref="N14792" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14967" part="N14967" ref="N14967" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1497C" part="N1497C" ref="N1497C" type="declaration">Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus der Klinik für Kinderheilkunde<br/>mit Schwerpunkt Nephrologie<br/>der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité -<br/>Universitätsmedizin Berlin</school><submission>Dissertation</submission><title>Sonographie des Durchmessers der Vena cava inferior und Bioimpedanzanalyse -<br/>zwei Methoden zur Beurteilung des Flüssigkeitsstatus von Kindern an der Hämodialyse und der Peritonealdialyse</title><degree><br/>Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major><br/>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité -<br/>Universitätsmedizin zu Berlin</major><author><br/>von<br/><given>Tobias</given>
         <surname>Dietel</surname>
         <suffix>aus Prenzlau</suffix>
      </author><dean>Prof. Dr. med. Martin Paul</dean><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. U. Querfeld</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. D.E. Müller-Wiefel</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. F. Schaefer</name>
      </approvals><date>Datum der Promotion: 28.06.2005</date><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1</link> Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N10056">1.1</link> Hintergrund und Problemstellung der Untersuchung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10117">1.2</link> Der Körper<ul><li><p><link ref="N1011C">1.2.1</link> Zusammensetzung und Wasserhaushalt
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1016D">1.2.2</link> Gefäß- und Lymphsystem
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N101A5">1.2.3</link> Elektrische Eigenschaften
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N101ED">1.3</link> Niereninsuffizienz</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10213">1.4</link> Nierenersatztherapie<ul><li><p><link ref="N10228">1.4.1</link> Prinzipien
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1023E">1.4.2</link> Hämodialyse
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10256">1.4.3</link> Peritonealdialyse
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10285">1.5</link> Ziele der Untersuchung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2</link> Methodik<ul><li><p><link ref="N102F7">2.1</link> Studiendesign</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10327">2.2</link> Charakterisierung der Untersuchungsgruppen<ul><li><p><link ref="N1032C">2.2.1</link> Normalpopulation
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10464">2.2.2</link> Dialysepatienten
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N108B4">2.2.3</link> Verteilungen physischer Charakteristika
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108F2">2.3</link> Bioimpedanzanalyse<ul><li><p><link ref="N108F7">2.3.1</link> Prinzip
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1096E">2.3.2</link> Handhabung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1098F">2.3.3</link> Bias
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N109FB">2.4</link> Sonographie der Vena cava inferior <ul><li><p><link ref="N10A00">2.4.1</link> Prinzip
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A43">2.4.2</link> Handhabung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A4C">2.4.3</link> Bias
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AA2">2.5</link> Statistik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AB8">2.6</link> Fehlerelimination</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3</link> Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N10AC7">3.1</link> Normalpopulation und Bioimpedanzanalyse<ul><li><p><link ref="N10ACC">3.1.1</link> 
                  Deskriptive Statistik
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AE2">3.1.2</link> Körpersymmetrie </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1117B">3.1.3</link> Geschlechtsabhängigkeit</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11184">3.1.4</link> 
                  Korrelation der Resistanz mit den physischen Charakteristika
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N112AD">3.1.5</link> 
                  Vergleichswerte
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N112C2">3.1.6</link> 
                  Beobachtervarianz
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112FB">3.2</link> Normalpopulation und Durchmesser der Vena cava inferior<ul><li><p><link ref="N11300">3.2.1</link> 
                  Messmethoden
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11321">3.2.2</link> 
                  Deskriptive Statistik
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11581">3.2.3</link> 
                  Geschlechtsabhängigkeit
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11590">3.2.4</link> 
                  Körperlage
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N115DD">3.2.5</link> 
                  Korrelation des IVCD mit den physischen Charakteristika
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N115ED">3.2.6</link> 
                  Vergleichswerte
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11605">3.2.7</link> 
                  Beobachtervarianz
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1181C">3.3</link> Dialysepatienten und Gewichtsverlauf</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1183F">3.4</link> Dialysepatienten und Blutdruck<ul><li><p><link ref="N1184D">3.4.1</link> 
                  Blutdruck und Hämodialyse
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11862">3.4.2</link> 
                  Blutdruck und Peritonealdialyse
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11872">3.5</link> Dialysepatienten und Bioimpedanzanalyse <ul><li><p><link ref="N11877">3.5.1</link> 
                  Deskriptive Statistik Hämodialyse
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11880">3.5.2</link> 
                  Deskriptive Statistik Peritonealdialyse
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11889">3.5.3</link> Körpersymmetrie bei Dialysepatienten
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11899">3.6</link> Dialysepatienten und Durchmesser der Vena cava inferior<ul><li><p><link ref="N118A1">3.6.1</link> 
                  Deskriptive Statistik Hämodialyse
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N118C4">3.6.2</link> Deskriptive Statistik Peritonealdialyse
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1238F">3.7</link> Veränderung der Resistanz unter der Hämodialyse
            <ul><li><p><link ref="N1239D">3.7.1</link> Zusammenhang zwischen Blutdruck- und Resistanzveränderungen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N123AF">3.7.2</link> Zusammenhang zwischen Ultrafiltrat und Resistanzveränderung
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N123CF">3.8</link> 
               Veränderung des IVCD unter der Hämodialyse
            <ul><li><p><link ref="N123D7">3.8.1</link> Zusammenhang zwischen Blutdruck- und IVCD-Veränderung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N123FF">3.8.2</link> Zusammenhang zwischen UF- und IVCD-Veränderung
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1240C">3.9</link> Zusammenhang zwischen RZ- und  IVCD-Veränderung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12459">3.10</link> Resistanz bei Dialysepatienten und Gesunden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12889">3.11</link> IVCD der Dialysepatienten und Normalwerte</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CA6">3.12</link> Fallbeispiel eines Patienten an der Dialyse.</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4</link> Diskussion<ul><li><p><link ref="N12CD1">4.1</link> BIA-Monofrequenzmethode und Wasserhaushalt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12D63">4.2</link> IVCD und der Wasserhaushalt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12DC0">4.3</link> BIA und IVCD der Normalpopulation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E43">4.4</link> Gewicht und Blutdruck der Dialysepatienten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E9A">4.5</link> BIA und IVCD der Dialysepatienten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12F63">4.6</link> Dialysepatienten und Normalwerte</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12FDC">4.7</link> Fallbeispiel</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5</link> Zusammenfassung</p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter6">6</link> Ausblick<ul><li><p><link ref="N13016">6.1</link> BIA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1304A">6.2</link> IVCD</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1305E">Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N140C3">Abkürzungen</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1478B">Lebenslauf von Tobias Dietel</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14967">Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1497C">Erklärung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10385">
                        <strong>Tab. 2.1</strong> Physische Charakteristika von 206 Schulkindern als Mittelwert und Standardabweichung.
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104E4"><strong>Tab. 2.2</strong>  Physische Charakteristika von 26  Patienten an der Hämodialyse (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N105F7"><strong>Tab.2.3</strong>  Physische Charakteristika von 5 Patienten  an der Peritonealdialyse (Mittelwert ± Standardabweichung)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10707"><strong>Tab. 2.4</strong>  Grunderkrankungen der 30 Patienten, die zur Niereninsuffizienz führten</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B50">
                        <strong>Tab. 3.1</strong>  Linke Körperseite; Quartile, Mittelwert, Standardabweichung (s) für die Resistanz, Reaktanz und Phasenwinkel nach Geschlecht getrennt (SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E66">
                        <strong>Tab. 3.2</strong>  Rechte Körperseite; Quartile, Mittelwert, Standardabweichung (s) für die Resistanz, Reaktanz und Phasenwinkel nach Geschlecht getrennt (SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11194">
                        <strong>Tab. 3.3</strong>  Korrelation zwischen der Resistanz und den physischen Charakteristika nach Geschlecht getrennt.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11346">
                        <strong>Tab. 3.4</strong>  Quartile, Mittelwert, Standardabweichung (s) für den IVCD in Rücken- und Seitenlage, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes. Angaben in [mm].</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11612">
                        <strong>Tab. 3.5</strong>  Korrelation des IVCD mit den physischen Charakteristika sowie Blutdruck, Puls und RZ.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N118DC"><strong>Tab. 3.6</strong>  Quartile, Mittelwert, Standardabweichung (s) für die Resistanz vor und nach der Dialyse auf der Körperseite ohne und mit Fistel, nach Geschlecht getrennt, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CD1"><strong>Tab. 3.7</strong>  Quartile , Mittelwert, Standardabweichung (s) für die Resistanz auf der linken Körperseite, vor und nach der Dialyse getrennt nach dem Geschlecht (Angaben in [&#937;]). SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F17"><strong>Tab. 3.8</strong>  Quartile , Mittelwert, und Standardabweichung (s) für IVCD vor und nach der Hämodialyse in Rücken- und Seitenlage, SEM = Fehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12153"><strong>Tab. 3.9</strong>  Quartile , Mittelwert, und Standardabweichung (s) für IVCD vor  und nach der Peritonealdialyse in Rücken- und Seitenlage, SEM = Fehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12490">
                     <strong>Tab. 3.10  </strong>Messungen <strong>stabiler Patienten  </strong>Quartile, Mittelwert und Standardabweichung (s) des Durchschnittwertes der RZ für HD und PD. Der Durchschnitt ergibt sich als &#956;RZ <sub>v/n  </sub>aus der RZ vor und nach der Dialyse, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N126DB"><strong>Tab. 3.11</strong>  Messungen <strong>instabiler Patienten</strong> Quartile, Mittelwert und Standardabweichung (s) des Durchschnittwertes der RZ für HD und PD. Der Durchschnitt ergibt sich als &#956;RZ <sub>v/n  </sub>aus der RZ vor und nach der Dialyse, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N128B4"><strong>Tab. 3.12</strong>  Messungen stabiler Patienten  Quartile, Mittelwert und Standardabweichung (s) des Durchschnittwertes des IVCD für HD und PD. Der Durchschnitt ergibt sich als &#956;IVCD <sub>v/n  </sub>aus dem IVCD vor und nach der Dialyse, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12AFA"><strong>Tab. 3.13</strong>  Messungen instabiler Patienten  Quartile, Mittelwert und Standardabweichung (s) des Durchschnittwertes des IVCD für HD und PD. Der Durchschnitt ergibt sich als &#956;IVCD <sub>v/n  </sub>aus dem IVCD vor und nach der Dialyse, SEM = Standardfehler des Mittelwertes.</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N101AC"><strong>Abb. 1.1</strong> Äquivalenzschaltkreis mit einem kapazitiven und zwei parallel geschalteten resistiven (ohmschen) Elementen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104CA"><strong>Abb. 2.1</strong>  Altersverteilung der Normalpopulation für Mädchen und Jungen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104D7"><strong>Abb. 2.2</strong>  Altersverteilung der Dialysepatienten nach Geschlecht. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108BB"><strong>Abb. 2.3</strong>  Größenverteilung der Normalpopulation und aller Patienten, nach Geschlecht.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108CB"><strong>Abb. 2.4</strong>  Gewichtsverteilung der Normalpopulation und aller Patienten, nach Geschlecht.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108D8"><strong>Abb. 2.5</strong>  Verteilung des BMI der Normalpopulation und aller Patienten, nach Geschlecht.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108E5"><strong>Abb. 2.6</strong>  Verteilung der KOF der Normalpopulation und aller Patienten, nach Geschlecht.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1097F"><strong>Abb. 2.7</strong>  Tetrapolare Ganzkörpermessung. Die stromführenden Elektroden sind distal, an der dorsalen Oberfläche der Füße und Hände über den Metacarpophalangeal- bzw. Metatarsophalan-gealgelenken befestigt. Die Messelektroden sind davon proximal auf der Höhe des Os pisiforme und auf einer gedachten Linie zwischen Malleolus medialis und lateralis des Sprunggelenkes positioniert. Abbildung modifiziert nach [64].</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A6F"><strong>Abb. 2.8</strong>  B-Mode mit Messpunkt unterhalb des Zwerchfells im intrahepatischen Segment auf der Höhe des Ligamentum venae cavae. Diese Kontaktstelle von Ligament und Gefäß bildet sich im Ultraschall als helles Echoband ab und war der verlässlichste und am besten reproduzierbare Messpunkt für den IVCD. Im M-Mode stellt sich der Venenpuls mit dem maximalen und minimalen Durchmesser der Vene dar.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B40"><strong>Abb. 3.1</strong>  Korrelation der Resistanz [&#937;] der linken und der rechten Körperseite, r = 0,98 (n = 204). Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Körperseiten war statistisch nicht signifikant (p = 0,39, ungepaarter t-Test).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11294"><strong>Abb. 3.2</strong> Verteilung der RZ für die Mädchen (n = 110). 
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112A1"><strong>Abb. 3.3</strong>  Verteilung der RZ für die Jungen (n = 95).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112CF"><strong>Abb. 3.4</strong>  Normalwerte der RZ in Bezug auf das KG mit Regressionsgerade und 95% Konfidenzintervall für Mädchen (n = 110) und Jungen (n = 95).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112DC">
                        <strong>Abb. 3.5  </strong>Normalwerte der RZ in Bezug auf den BMI mit Regressionsgerade und 95% Konfidenzintervall für Mädchen (n = 110) und Jungen (n = 95).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112ED">
                        <strong>Abb. 3.6</strong>  Normalwerte der RZ in Bezug auf die KOF mit Regressionsgerade und 95% Konfidenzintervall für Mädchen (n = 110) und Jungen (n = 95).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11334"><strong>Abb. 3.7</strong>  Der maximale Durchmessers der Vena cava inferior, gemessen im M-Mode und B-Mode, zeigte eine Korrelation von <strong>r = 0.98</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N115B5"><strong>Abb. 3.8</strong>  Korrelation des maximalen IVCD in Rücken- und Seitenlage. Der Korrelationskoeffizient war <strong>r = 0,83</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N115C4"><strong>Abb. 3.9</strong>  Die mittlere Differenz des IVCD in Rücken und Seitenlage beträgt 0,7 mm. Die maximale Streuung reicht von -4,2 bis 6,9 mm.
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N115D1"><strong>Abb. 3.10</strong>  Verteilung des &#8709;IVCD aus Rücken- und Seitenlage (n = 196). 
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N117F2"><strong>Abb. 3.11</strong>  Normalwerte des IVCD in Bezug auf das KG mit Regressionsgerade und 95%-CI (n = 196).
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11802"><strong>Abb. 3.12</strong>  Normalwerte des IVCD in Bezug auf die KL mit Regressionsgerade und 95%-CI (n = 196).
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1180F"><strong>Abb. 3.13</strong>  Normalwerte des IVCD in Bezug auf die KOF mit Regressionsgerade und 95%-CI (n = 196).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1182F">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.14</strong> Die Korrelation von Gewichtsabnahme (&#916; KG) und Ultrafiltrat an der HD erbrachte bei 62 Messungen einen Korrelationskoeffizienten von <strong>r = - 0,89</strong>. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1241C"><strong>Abb. 3.16</strong>  Vergleich des &#8709;IVCD normotoner (n = 53) und hypertoner (n = 22) Patienten vor der HD. Es zeigt sich ein signifikant weiterer &#8709;IVCD in der Gruppe mit einem Hypertonus.
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12429"><strong>Abb. 3.17</strong>  Vergleich des &#8709;IVCD normotoner (n = 55) und hypertoner (n = 13) Patienten nach der HD. Es zeigt sich ein signifikant weiterer &#8709;IVCD in der Gruppe mit einem Hypertonus.
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12436">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.18  </strong>Korrelation für Ultrafiltrat und &#916;IVCD der HD-Patienten. Der Korrelationskoeffizient war <strong>r = -0,48 </strong>(n = 54).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1244A"><strong>Abb. 3.19</strong>  Korrelation für &#916;IVCD und &#916;RZ der HD-Patienten. Der Korrelationskoeffizient war <strong>r = -0,58</strong> (n = 66).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12855">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.20 </strong> Die Mittelwerte der RZ von weiblichen und männlichen Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;RZ <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zum Gewicht. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 35) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12866">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.21 </strong> Die Mittelwerte der RZ von weiblichen und männlichen Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;RZ <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zum BMI. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 35) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1287A"><strong>Abb. 3.22</strong>  Die Mittelwerte der RZ von weiblichen und männlichen Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;RZ <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zur KOF. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 35) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C71">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.23</strong>  Die Mittelwerte des IVCD von Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;IVCD <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zum Gewicht. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 42) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C82">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.24</strong>  Die Mittelwerte des IVCD von Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;IVCD <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zur Größe. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 42) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C96">
                     <strong>Abb. 3.25</strong>  Die Mittelwerte des IVCD von Dialysepatienten vor und nach Dialyse (&#956;IVCD <sub>v/n</sub> ) in Bezug zur KOF. Die Darstellung erfolgt im bereits beschriebenen Normogramm (s. S. 42) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CBC"><strong>Abb. 3.26</strong>  Darstellung des Verlaufs von RZ und IVCD im Vergleich zum Gewicht am Beispiel eines Patienten mit akuter Niereninsuffizienz. Zu Beginn der Dialyse war das Trockengewicht inadäquat. Unter der Behandlung kam es zu einer Optimierung des TG. Die wird am kohärenten Verlauf von RZ und IVCD deutlich.</link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>