<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry id="front" part="front" ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Einfluss der Kohlenhydratzufuhr auf den Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel Schwangerer mit und ohne Gestationsdiabetes, gemessen mit dem kontinuierlich  messenden Glukosesensor (CGMS, Fa. MedtronicMinimed)</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Barbara Engel</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10038" part="front" ref="N10038" type="dedication"/><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1007A" part="chapter1" ref="N1007A" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10081" part="chapter1" ref="N10081" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10089" part="chapter1" ref="N10089" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10093" part="chapter1" ref="N10093" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100C9" part="chapter1" ref="N100C9" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100CD" part="chapter1" ref="N100CD" type="subsection">1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D6" part="chapter1" ref="N100D6" type="subsection">1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E0" part="chapter1" ref="N100E0" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E7" part="chapter1" ref="N100E7" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100ED" part="chapter1" ref="N100ED" type="mm">59#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100F1" part="chapter1" ref="N100F1" type="mm">59#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100F5" part="chapter1" ref="N100F5" type="mm">59#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FF" part="chapter1" ref="N100FF" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10102" part="chapter1" ref="N10102" type="mm">59#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1010C" part="chapter1" ref="N1010C" type="mm">59#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10113" part="chapter1" ref="N10113" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1011C" part="chapter1" ref="N1011C" type="mm">605#113</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10123" part="chapter1" ref="N10123" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1012F" part="chapter1" ref="N1012F" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1013B" part="chapter1" ref="N1013B" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1013E" part="chapter1" ref="N1013E" type="mm">605#141</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10148" part="chapter1" ref="N10148" type="mm">605#386</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10153" part="chapter1" ref="N10153" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1015D" part="chapter1" ref="N1015D" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10162" part="chapter1" ref="N10162" type="subsection">1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1016C" part="chapter1" ref="N1016C" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10176" part="chapter1" ref="N10176" type="block">1.4.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1017D" part="chapter1" ref="N1017D" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10182" part="chapter1" ref="N10182" type="block">1.4.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1018F" part="chapter1" ref="N1018F" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1019B" part="chapter1" ref="N1019B" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101A5" part="chapter1" ref="N101A5" type="section">1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101AF" part="chapter1" ref="N101AF" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101B5" part="chapter1" ref="N101B5" type="mm">605#358</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101C5" part="chapter1" ref="N101C5" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101D0" part="chapter1" ref="N101D0" type="section">1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101D7" part="chapter1" ref="N101D7" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10203" part="chapter1" ref="N10203" type="section">1.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1020A" part="chapter1" ref="N1020A" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10214" part="chapter1" ref="N10214" type="subsection">1.7.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1021B" part="chapter1" ref="N1021B" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10222" part="chapter1" ref="N10222" type="block">1.7.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1022B" part="chapter1" ref="N1022B" type="block">1.7.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10232" part="chapter1" ref="N10232" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1023E" part="chapter1" ref="N1023E" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10247" part="chapter1" ref="N10247" type="subsection">1.7.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1024C" part="chapter1" ref="N1024C" type="block">1.7.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10256" part="chapter1" ref="N10256" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10262" part="chapter1" ref="N10262" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1026D" part="chapter1" ref="N1026D" type="block">1.7.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10274" part="chapter1" ref="N10274" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1027A" part="chapter1" ref="N1027A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10403" part="chapter1" ref="N10403" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1040F" part="chapter1" ref="N1040F" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1041B" part="chapter1" ref="N1041B" type="subsection">1.7.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10422" part="chapter1" ref="N10422" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1042D" part="chapter1" ref="N1042D" type="subsection">1.7.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10434" part="chapter1" ref="N10434" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10440" part="chapter1" ref="N10440" type="section">1.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10447" part="chapter1" ref="N10447" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10456" part="chapter1" ref="N10456" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10460" part="chapter1" ref="N10460" type="subsection">1.8.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10467" part="chapter1" ref="N10467" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10492" part="chapter1" ref="N10492" type="block">1.8.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10499" part="chapter1" ref="N10499" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104A5" part="chapter1" ref="N104A5" type="subsection">1.8.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104AC" part="chapter1" ref="N104AC" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104D3" part="chapter1" ref="N104D3" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104D9" part="chapter1" ref="N104D9" type="section">1.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104E5" part="chapter1" ref="N104E5" type="section">1.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104EC" part="chapter1" ref="N104EC" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104F3" part="chapter1" ref="N104F3" type="subsection">1.10.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104FB" part="chapter1" ref="N104FB" type="block">1.10.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10502" part="chapter1" ref="N10502" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1050E" part="chapter1" ref="N1050E" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10516" part="chapter1" ref="N10516" type="block">1.10.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10520" part="chapter1" ref="N10520" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1052C" part="chapter1" ref="N1052C" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1053A" part="chapter1" ref="N1053A" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10540" part="chapter1" ref="N10540" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1088F" part="chapter1" ref="N1088F" type="subsection">1.10.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10899" part="chapter1" ref="N10899" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1089E" part="chapter1" ref="N1089E" type="subsection">1.10.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108AB" part="chapter1" ref="N108AB" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108B7" part="chapter1" ref="N108B7" type="section">1.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108BE" part="chapter1" ref="N108BE" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108CA" part="chapter1" ref="N108CA" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D5" part="chapter2" ref="N108D5" type="helpercitenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D8" part="chapter2" ref="N108D8" type="section">2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108E2" part="chapter2" ref="N108E2" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108E6" part="chapter2" ref="N108E6" type="subsection">2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108EF" part="chapter2" ref="N108EF" type="subsection">2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108F9" part="chapter2" ref="N108F9" type="section">2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108FE" part="chapter2" ref="N108FE" type="subsection">2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10905" part="chapter2" ref="N10905" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10911" part="chapter2" ref="N10911" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1091A" part="chapter2" ref="N1091A" type="mm">605#315</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10926" part="chapter2" ref="N10926" type="subsection">2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1092D" part="chapter2" ref="N1092D" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10939" part="chapter2" ref="N10939" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1093E" part="chapter2" ref="N1093E" type="subsection">2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1094A" part="chapter2" ref="N1094A" type="subsection">2.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10951" part="chapter2" ref="N10951" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1095A" part="chapter2" ref="N1095A" type="section">2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10964" part="chapter2" ref="N10964" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10968" part="chapter2" ref="N10968" type="subsection">2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10978" part="chapter2" ref="N10978" type="mm">458#325</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10983" part="chapter2" ref="N10983" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10992" part="chapter2" ref="N10992" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109AA" part="chapter2" ref="N109AA" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109BC" part="chapter2" ref="N109BC" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109F5" part="chapter2" ref="N109F5" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109FA" part="chapter2" ref="N109FA" type="subsection">2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A0A" part="chapter2" ref="N10A0A" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A25" part="chapter2" ref="N10A25" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A49" part="chapter2" ref="N10A49" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A63" part="chapter2" ref="N10A63" type="subsection">2.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A6D" part="chapter2" ref="N10A6D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10AE0" part="chapter2" ref="N10AE0" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AE4" part="chapter2" ref="N10AE4" type="block">2.3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B06" part="chapter2" ref="N10B06" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B0D" part="chapter2" ref="N10B0D" type="section">2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B12" part="chapter2" ref="N10B12" type="subsection">2.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B1B" part="chapter2" ref="N10B1B" type="subsection">2.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B25" part="chapter2" ref="N10B25" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B2A" part="chapter2" ref="N10B2A" type="subsection">2.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B34" part="chapter2" ref="N10B34" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B40" part="chapter2" ref="N10B40" type="subsection">2.4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B49" part="chapter2" ref="N10B49" type="subsection">2.4.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B50" part="chapter2" ref="N10B50" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B56" part="chapter2" ref="N10B56" type="section">2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B5B" part="chapter2" ref="N10B5B" type="subsection">2.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B64" part="chapter2" ref="N10B64" type="subsection">2.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B6E" part="chapter2" ref="N10B6E" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B8F" part="chapter2" ref="N10B8F" type="section">2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B98" part="chapter2" ref="N10B98" type="section">2.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BA2" part="chapter2" ref="N10BA2" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BAA" part="chapter2" ref="N10BAA" type="section">2.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BAF" part="chapter2" ref="N10BAF" type="subsection">2.8.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BB9" part="chapter2" ref="N10BB9" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BBE" part="chapter2" ref="N10BBE" type="subsection">2.8.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BCE" part="chapter3" ref="N10BCE" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BD3" part="chapter3" ref="N10BD3" type="subsection">3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BD8" part="chapter3" ref="N10BD8" type="helpercitenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BDD" part="chapter3" ref="N10BDD" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BE9" part="chapter3" ref="N10BE9" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BF7" part="chapter3" ref="N10BF7" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C03" part="chapter3" ref="N10C03" type="citenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C0F" part="chapter3" ref="N10C0F" type="citenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C1B" part="chapter3" ref="N10C1B" type="citenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C1E" part="chapter3" ref="N10C1E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E9C" part="chapter3" ref="N10E9C" type="subsection">3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EA1" part="chapter3" ref="N10EA1" type="block">3.1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EC3" part="chapter3" ref="N10EC3" type="citenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EE6" part="chapter3" ref="N10EE6" type="citenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EEC" part="chapter3" ref="N10EEC" type="mm">450#348</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EFA" part="chapter3" ref="N10EFA" type="citenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F03" part="chapter3" ref="N10F03" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1146E" part="chapter3" ref="N1146E" type="block">3.1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11475" part="chapter3" ref="N11475" type="citenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11481" part="chapter3" ref="N11481" type="citenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1148D" part="chapter3" ref="N1148D" type="citenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11490" part="chapter3" ref="N11490" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N116B5" part="chapter3" ref="N116B5" type="citenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116BC" part="chapter3" ref="N116BC" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116C9" part="chapter3" ref="N116C9" type="citenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116D2" part="chapter3" ref="N116D2" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11ABE" part="chapter3" ref="N11ABE" type="citenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AD3" part="chapter3" ref="N11AD3" type="citenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AD6" part="chapter3" ref="N11AD6" type="mm">549#392</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AE4" part="chapter3" ref="N11AE4" type="mm">467#374</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AEF" part="chapter3" ref="N11AEF" type="citenumber">84</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AF2" part="chapter3" ref="N11AF2" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N123FA" part="chapter3" ref="N123FA" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123FF" part="chapter3" ref="N123FF" type="subsection">3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1240C" part="chapter3" ref="N1240C" type="citenumber">85</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1240F" part="chapter3" ref="N1240F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12653" part="chapter3" ref="N12653" type="subsection">3.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1265D" part="chapter3" ref="N1265D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12844" part="chapter3" ref="N12844" type="citenumber">86</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1284A" part="chapter3" ref="N1284A" type="mm">476#396</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12858" part="chapter3" ref="N12858" type="citenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12864" part="chapter3" ref="N12864" type="citenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12867" part="chapter3" ref="N12867" type="mm">463#370</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12872" part="chapter3" ref="N12872" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12C61" part="chapter3" ref="N12C61" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C6B" part="chapter3" ref="N12C6B" type="citenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C71" part="chapter3" ref="N12C71" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12FEC" part="chapter3" ref="N12FEC" type="citenumber">90</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12FF2" part="chapter3" ref="N12FF2" type="mm">566#396</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13000" part="chapter3" ref="N13000" type="citenumber">91</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13003" part="chapter3" ref="N13003" type="mm">476#316</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13013" part="chapter3" ref="N13013" type="mm">579#415</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1301E" part="chapter3" ref="N1301E" type="citenumber">92</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13027" part="chapter3" ref="N13027" type="mm">531#425</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13032" part="chapter3" ref="N13032" type="citenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13035" part="chapter3" ref="N13035" type="mm">576#432</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13040" part="chapter3" ref="N13040" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13841" part="chapter3" ref="N13841" type="citenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13847" part="chapter3" ref="N13847" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13980" part="chapter3" ref="N13980" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13C32" part="chapter3" ref="N13C32" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13C39" part="chapter3" ref="N13C39" type="citenumber">95</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13C55" part="chapter3" ref="N13C55" type="citenumber">96</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13C5B" part="chapter3" ref="N13C5B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14045" part="chapter3" ref="N14045" type="subsection">3.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1404F" part="chapter3" ref="N1404F" type="citenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14055" part="chapter3" ref="N14055" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N146EB" part="chapter3" ref="N146EB" type="subsection">3.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N146F2" part="chapter3" ref="N146F2" type="citenumber">98</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N146FE" part="chapter3" ref="N146FE" type="citenumber">99</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14701" part="chapter3" ref="N14701" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N148B0" part="chapter3" ref="N148B0" type="citenumber">100</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N148B3" part="chapter3" ref="N148B3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14B7C" part="chapter3" ref="N14B7C" type="subsection">3.5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14B8C" part="chapter3" ref="N14B8C" type="citenumber">101</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14B92" part="chapter3" ref="N14B92" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14F0D" part="chapter3" ref="N14F0D" type="citenumber">102</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14F10" part="chapter3" ref="N14F10" type="mm">424#299</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14F1B" part="chapter3" ref="N14F1B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154B9" part="chapter4" ref="N154B9" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154BE" part="chapter4" ref="N154BE" type="helpercitenumber">102</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154C3" part="chapter4" ref="N154C3" type="citenumber">103</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154CF" part="chapter4" ref="N154CF" type="citenumber">104</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154DB" part="chapter4" ref="N154DB" type="citenumber">105</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154E0" part="chapter4" ref="N154E0" type="section">4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154ED" part="chapter4" ref="N154ED" type="citenumber">106</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N154F9" part="chapter4" ref="N154F9" type="citenumber">107</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15505" part="chapter4" ref="N15505" type="citenumber">108</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15510" part="chapter4" ref="N15510" type="section">4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15517" part="chapter4" ref="N15517" type="citenumber">109</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15523" part="chapter4" ref="N15523" type="citenumber">110</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15528" part="chapter4" ref="N15528" type="section">4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15535" part="chapter4" ref="N15535" type="citenumber">111</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1553A" part="chapter4" ref="N1553A" type="section">4.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15547" part="chapter4" ref="N15547" type="citenumber">112</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15553" part="chapter4" ref="N15553" type="citenumber">113</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1555B" part="chapter4" ref="N1555B" type="section">4.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15565" part="chapter4" ref="N15565" type="citenumber">114</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15571" part="chapter4" ref="N15571" type="citenumber">115</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1557D" part="chapter4" ref="N1557D" type="citenumber">116</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1559F" part="chapter4" ref="N1559F" type="citenumber">117</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155AB" part="chapter4" ref="N155AB" type="citenumber">118</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155B7" part="chapter4" ref="N155B7" type="citenumber">119</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155C2" part="chapter4" ref="N155C2" type="section">4.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155C9" part="chapter4" ref="N155C9" type="citenumber">120</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155D5" part="chapter4" ref="N155D5" type="citenumber">121</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155E0" part="chapter4" ref="N155E0" type="section">4.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155E7" part="chapter4" ref="N155E7" type="citenumber">122</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155F3" part="chapter4" ref="N155F3" type="citenumber">123</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N155FF" part="chapter4" ref="N155FF" type="citenumber">124</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1560B" part="chapter4" ref="N1560B" type="citenumber">125</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15617" part="chapter4" ref="N15617" type="citenumber">126</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1562F" type="citenumber">127</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1563E" type="citenumber">128</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1564D" type="citenumber">129</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N15671" type="citenumber">130</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N15680" type="citenumber">131</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N1568C" type="citenumber">132</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N15698" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N1569A" part="N1569A" ref="N1569A" type="abbreviation">ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156A1" part="N1569A" ref="N156A1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N157CD" part="N157CD" ref="N157CD" type="bibliography">LITERATURVERZEICHNIS</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N16845" part="N16845" ref="N16845" type="appendix">Publikationen</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N16847" part="N16845" ref="N16847" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N1684A" part="N16845" ref="N1684A" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16876" part="N16876" ref="N16876" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1688E" part="N1688E" ref="N1688E" type="declaration">Erklärung </cms:entry><cms:entry part="chapter5" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry id=":contents" part="front" ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><chapter id="chapter5" label="5">
         <head>ZUSAMMENFASSUNG </head>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N1562F" start="127"/>
            <strong>Einleitung</strong>
         </p>
         <p>Der Gestationsdiabetes ist eine Stoffwechselerkrankung, die, abhängig von Population und diagnostischem Vorgehen, etwa 5 von 100 Schwangeren betrifft. Er hat Auswirkungen auf sowohl Mutter als auch Kind. </p>
         <p>Die American Diabetes Association empfiehlt, beim ersten pränatalen Besuch eine Risikoeinschätzung durchzuführen, um gegebenenfalls auf eine Glukosetoleranzprüfung im weiteren Schwangerschaftsverlauf zu verzichten. Alle Schwangeren mit Gestationsdiabetes oder auch eingeschränkter Glukosetoleranz sollten eine Ernährungsberatung erhalten [American Diabetes Association 2003]. </p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N1563E" start="128"/>Die Behandlung der erhöhten Blutzuckerwerte mittels Diät wird in bezug auf den Einfluß des Kohlenhydratgehaltes kontrovers diskutiert. Die Wirksamkeit einer Therapie wird üblicherweise durch ein Blutzuckertagesprofil überprüft. </p>
         <p>
            <strong>Fragestellung</strong>
         </p>
         <p>In unserer Studie untersuchten wir den Einfluß der Kohlenhydrataufnahme auf den Glukosestoffwechsel bei Schwangeren mit einer Glukoseintoleranz. Wir stellten uns die folgenden Fragen:</p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N1564D" start="129"/>
            <ul>
               <li>
                  <p>In welcher Weise realisieren Schwangere eine Ernährungsberatung?</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Welche Auswirkungen hat eine kohlenhydratarme vs. -reiche Ernährung in bezug auf den Blutzuckerspiegel von Schwangeren mit und ohne Kohlenhydratintoleranz?</p>
               </li>
               <li>
                  <p>Welche Möglichkeiten und neuen Erkenntnisse liefert das neue kontinuierliche Meßsystem in der ambulanten Anwendung?</p>
               </li>
            </ul>
         </p>
         <p>
            <strong>Methoden</strong>
         </p>
         <p>In unserer Studie wurden Schwangere gemäß einem oGTT in die Gruppen der Gestationsdiabetikerinnen (n = 18), IGTs (n = 9) bzw. Kontrollen (n = 25) aufgeteilt. Alle Probandinnen wurden in einer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie mit Crossover-Design für jeweils eine Woche einer kohlenhydratarmen und einer kohlenhydratreichen Diät zugeführt. Die vorgegebenen Zielwerte betrugen jeweils 35 % bzw. 55 % der Energie in Form von Kohlenhydraten. Metabolische Auswirkungen wurden anhand des konventionellen BZTPs und anhand des Glukosesensors CGMS® untersucht. </p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N15671" start="130"/>Die CGMS®-Überwachung ermöglichte die kontinuierliche Veranschaulichung der metabolischen Auswirkungen dieser Ernährungsempfehlungen über den gesamten Tagesverlauf.  </p>
         <p>Das konventionelle Blutzuckertagesprofil wurde bezüglich Nüchternwert, Mittelwert sowie Insulinpflicht nach DDG-Kriterien ausgewertet. Das CGMS® wurde im Hinblick auf die ermittelten hypo-, normo- sowie hyperglykämischen Zeiten und die Area-under-the-curve (AUC) analysiert. </p>
         <p>
            <strong>Ergebnisse </strong>
         </p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N15680" start="131"/>Es konnte eine deutliche Beeinflussung der KH-Aufnahme mittels einer Ernährungsberatung erreicht werden. Der KH-Verzehr lag bei den gewünschten Zielwerten von durchschnittlich 39 % in der KH-reduzierten, und bei durchschnittlich 49 % in der KH-reichen Woche.</p>
         <p>Weder bei den Gesunden noch bei den Gestationsdiabetikerinnen hatte der Kohlenhydratanteil bezüglich der Insulinpflicht nach DDG-Kriterien einen signifikanten Einfluß. </p>
         <p>Im Gegensatz zur Auswertung des Blutzuckertagesprofils nach DDG-Kriterien belegen sowohl der BZTP-Mittelwert als auch die AUC die signifikante Erniedrigung des Blutglukosespiegels der GDMs und der Kontrollen durch eine KH-arme Ernährung im Vergleich zur kohlenhydratreichen Ernährung. </p>
         <p>
            <citenumber id="N1568C" start="132"/>Die Ergebnisse der kontinuierlichen Überwachung waren hinsichtlich des Mittelwertes vergleichbar mit denen des BZTPs. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den beiden Methoden zeigt, daß die Anwendung des CGMS auch bei Schwangeren sinnvoll ist, und bietet den Vorteil, sonst unentdeckte hypoglykämische Phasen nachzuweisen (s. Tabellen 12, 14, 15). </p>
         <p>In der KH-armen Woche nahmen die Probandinnen mit der angestrebten KH-Menge auch eine niedrigere Energiemenge zu sich. Dieser Effekt trat unerwartet auf und wurde bisher nicht beschrieben bzw. in den bisher publizierten Studien nicht untersucht. Durch die Selektion einer Untergruppe konnten wir den Einfluß der veränderten Kalorienaufnahme auf den BZ-Spiegel ausgrenzen, und so, zumindest für die Kontrollgruppe, eine signifikante Erniedrigung bezüglich der BZTP-Mediane wie auch der AUCs in dieser Woche nachweisen. </p>
         <p>Diese Beobachtungen belegen, daß ein höherer prozentualer Kohlenhydratanteil mit erhöhten Blutzuckerwerten assoziiert ist. Außerdem läßt sich feststellen, daß eine kohlenhydratarme Ernährung einen größeren Einfluß auf die postprandialen als auf die Nüchternwerte hat. Unter Zugrundelegung des beschriebenen Zusammenhangs zwischen den Blutzuckertagesprofil und dem fetalen Wachstum muss man zumindestens bei Gestationsdiabetikerinnen die Durchführung einer kohlenhydratarmen (ca. 40% KH-Anteil) Ernährungsweise empfehlen.</p>
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