<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Regulation und funktionelle Rolle des murinen Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3 in T- Zellen</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Jennifer Sandra Silvia Freyer</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D0" part="chapter1" ref="N100D0" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D7" part="chapter1" ref="N100D7" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FC" part="chapter1" ref="N100FC" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1010C" part="chapter1" ref="N1010C" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10176" part="chapter1" ref="N10176" type="mm">616#494</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101F9" part="chapter1" ref="N101F9" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10250" part="chapter1" ref="N10250" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10255" part="chapter1" ref="N10255" type="subsection">1.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10267" part="chapter1" ref="N10267" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1031B" part="chapter1" ref="N1031B" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10351" part="chapter1" ref="N10351" type="subsection">1.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1038F" part="chapter1" ref="N1038F" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10396" part="chapter1" ref="N10396" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1039E" part="chapter1" ref="N1039E" type="subsection">1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103AC" part="chapter1" ref="N103AC" type="mm">515#255</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103BD" part="chapter1" ref="N103BD" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D2" part="chapter1" ref="N103D2" type="mm">463#298</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103E5" part="chapter1" ref="N103E5" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10402" part="chapter1" ref="N10402" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10431" part="chapter1" ref="N10431" type="mm">613#313</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1047B" part="chapter1" ref="N1047B" type="subsection">1.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10482" part="chapter1" ref="N10482" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1048C" part="chapter1" ref="N1048C" type="mm">604#155</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104A8" part="chapter1" ref="N104A8" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104C8" part="chapter1" ref="N104C8" type="section">1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104D0" part="chapter1" ref="N104D0" type="subsection">1.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104DA" part="chapter1" ref="N104DA" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10514" part="chapter1" ref="N10514" type="subsection">1.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10522" part="chapter1" ref="N10522" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10544" part="chapter1" ref="N10544" type="section">1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10560" part="chapter1" ref="N10560" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10570" part="chapter2" ref="N10570" type="helpercitenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10573" part="chapter2" ref="N10573" type="section">2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1057A" part="chapter2" ref="N1057A" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1057E" part="chapter2" ref="N1057E" type="subsection">2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10585" part="chapter2" ref="N10585" type="mm">605#304</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1058E" part="chapter2" ref="N1058E" type="section">2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10596" part="chapter2" ref="N10596" type="subsection">2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1059D" part="chapter2" ref="N1059D" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105A0" part="chapter2" ref="N105A0" type="mm">605#481</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105A7" part="chapter2" ref="N105A7" type="mm">605#202</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105B0" part="chapter2" ref="N105B0" type="section">2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105B5" part="chapter2" ref="N105B5" type="subsection">2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105BC" part="chapter2" ref="N105BC" type="mm">605#127</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105C3" part="chapter2" ref="N105C3" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105C6" part="chapter2" ref="N105C6" type="mm">605#253</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105CD" part="chapter2" ref="N105CD" type="mm">605#573</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105D5" part="chapter2" ref="N105D5" type="subsection">2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105DC" part="chapter2" ref="N105DC" type="mm">605#430</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E4" part="chapter2" ref="N105E4" type="subsection">2.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105EB" part="chapter2" ref="N105EB" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105EE" part="chapter2" ref="N105EE" type="mm">605#455</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105F7" part="chapter2" ref="N105F7" type="section">2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105FF" part="chapter2" ref="N105FF" type="subsection">2.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10606" part="chapter2" ref="N10606" type="mm">605#406</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1060D" part="chapter2" ref="N1060D" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10610" part="chapter2" ref="N10610" type="mm">605#678</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10619" part="chapter2" ref="N10619" type="section">2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1061E" part="chapter2" ref="N1061E" type="subsection">2.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10625" part="chapter2" ref="N10625" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N106EA" part="chapter2" ref="N106EA" type="subsection">2.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106F4" part="chapter2" ref="N106F4" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106F7" part="chapter2" ref="N106F7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N107CA" part="chapter2" ref="N107CA" type="subsection">2.5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107D4" part="chapter2" ref="N107D4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10851" part="chapter2" ref="N10851" type="subsection">2.5.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10858" part="chapter2" ref="N10858" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1085C" part="chapter2" ref="N1085C" type="block">2.5.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10863" part="chapter2" ref="N10863" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10BDB" part="chapter2" ref="N10BDB" type="block">2.5.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BE5" part="chapter2" ref="N10BE5" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BE8" part="chapter2" ref="N10BE8" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10C99" part="chapter2" ref="N10C99" type="section">2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CA0" part="chapter2" ref="N10CA0" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10CF3" part="chapter2" ref="N10CF3" type="section">2.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CFA" part="chapter2" ref="N10CFA" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CFD" part="chapter2" ref="N10CFD" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E10" part="chapter2" ref="N10E10" type="section">2.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E17" part="chapter2" ref="N10E17" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10EF6" part="chapter2" ref="N10EF6" type="section">2.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F00" part="chapter2" ref="N10F00" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F03" part="chapter2" ref="N10F03" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11060" part="chapter2" ref="N11060" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11160" part="chapter2" ref="N11160" type="section">2.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1116A" part="chapter2" ref="N1116A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N112B7" part="chapter2" ref="N112B7" type="section">2.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112C0" part="chapter2" ref="N112C0" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1133E" part="chapter2" ref="N1133E" type="section">2.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11382" part="chapter2" ref="N11382" type="section">2.13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11389" part="chapter2" ref="N11389" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11456" part="chapter2" ref="N11456" type="section">2.14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11467" part="chapter3" ref="N11467" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1146C" part="chapter3" ref="N1146C" type="subsection">3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11471" part="chapter3" ref="N11471" type="helpercitenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1147A" part="chapter3" ref="N1147A" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11481" part="chapter3" ref="N11481" type="subsection">3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11490" part="chapter3" ref="N11490" type="subsection">3.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1149A" part="chapter3" ref="N1149A" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114A4" part="chapter3" ref="N114A4" type="subsection">3.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114AD" part="chapter3" ref="N114AD" type="subsection">3.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114B4" part="chapter3" ref="N114B4" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114BE" part="chapter3" ref="N114BE" type="subsection">3.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114CE" part="chapter3" ref="N114CE" type="subsection">3.1.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114DC" part="chapter3" ref="N114DC" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114E6" part="chapter3" ref="N114E6" type="subsection">3.1.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114F4" part="chapter3" ref="N114F4" type="subsection">3.1.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114FB" part="chapter3" ref="N114FB" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11509" part="chapter3" ref="N11509" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11530" part="chapter3" ref="N11530" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1153A" part="chapter3" ref="N1153A" type="subsection">3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1154A" part="chapter3" ref="N1154A" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11558" part="chapter3" ref="N11558" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK3" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK3" type="link"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK4" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK4" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11565" part="chapter3" ref="N11565" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11719" part="chapter3" ref="N11719" type="subsection">3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11720" part="chapter3" ref="N11720" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11723" part="chapter3" ref="N11723" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N118B3" part="chapter3" ref="N118B3" type="subsection">3.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118BA" part="chapter3" ref="N118BA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11A6C" part="chapter3" ref="N11A6C" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A76" part="chapter3" ref="N11A76" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A79" part="chapter3" ref="N11A79" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11B44" part="chapter3" ref="N11B44" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B4E" part="chapter3" ref="N11B4E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11C03" part="chapter3" ref="N11C03" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C0A" part="chapter3" ref="N11C0A" type="section">3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C0F" part="chapter3" ref="N11C0F" type="subsection">3.6.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C25" part="chapter3" ref="N11C25" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C3B" part="chapter3" ref="N11C3B" type="subsection">3.6.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C47" part="chapter3" ref="N11C47" type="section">3.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C4E" part="chapter3" ref="N11C4E" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C55" part="chapter3" ref="N11C55" type="subsection">3.7.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C5F" part="chapter3" ref="N11C5F" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C62" part="chapter3" ref="N11C62" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11CFE" part="chapter3" ref="N11CFE" type="section">3.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D06" part="chapter3" ref="N11D06" type="subsection">3.8.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D1C" part="chapter3" ref="N11D1C" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D20" part="chapter3" ref="N11D20" type="block">3.8.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D29" part="chapter3" ref="N11D29" type="block">3.8.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D3B" part="chapter3" ref="N11D3B" type="subsection">3.8.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D42" part="chapter3" ref="N11D42" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D4F" part="chapter3" ref="N11D4F" type="subsection">3.8.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D5C" part="chapter3" ref="N11D5C" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D63" part="chapter3" ref="N11D63" type="subsection">3.8.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D70" part="chapter3" ref="N11D70" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D7D" part="chapter3" ref="N11D7D" type="subsection">3.8.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D8B" part="chapter3" ref="N11D8B" type="subsection">3.8.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D92" part="chapter3" ref="N11D92" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DA0" part="chapter3" ref="N11DA0" type="section">3.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DB1" part="chapter3" ref="N11DB1" type="subsection">3.9.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DCF" part="chapter3" ref="N11DCF" type="subsection">3.9.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DD6" part="chapter3" ref="N11DD6" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DDD" part="chapter3" ref="N11DDD" type="subsection">3.9.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DE9" part="chapter3" ref="N11DE9" type="section">3.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DF6" part="chapter3" ref="N11DF6" type="subsection">3.10.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DFD" part="chapter3" ref="N11DFD" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E0F" part="chapter3" ref="N11E0F" type="subsection">3.10.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E25" part="chapter3" ref="N11E25" type="section">3.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E2A" part="chapter3" ref="N11E2A" type="subsection">3.11.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E31" part="chapter3" ref="N11E31" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E36" part="chapter3" ref="N11E36" type="subsection">3.11.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E45" part="chapter3" ref="N11E45" type="section">3.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E4F" part="chapter3" ref="N11E4F" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E53" part="chapter3" ref="N11E53" type="subsection">3.12.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E6F" part="chapter3" ref="N11E6F" type="section">3.13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E77" part="chapter3" ref="N11E77" type="subsection">3.13.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E7E" part="chapter3" ref="N11E7E" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E85" part="chapter3" ref="N11E85" type="subsection">3.13.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E90" part="chapter3" ref="N11E90" type="subsection">3.13.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E9B" part="chapter3" ref="N11E9B" type="subsection">3.13.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EA2" part="chapter3" ref="N11EA2" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EAE" part="chapter3" ref="N11EAE" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EB5" part="chapter3" ref="N11EB5" type="subsection">3.13.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EC1" part="chapter3" ref="N11EC1" type="section">3.14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ECB" part="chapter3" ref="N11ECB" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ED2" part="chapter3" ref="N11ED2" type="section">3.15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EE0" part="chapter3" ref="N11EE0" type="subsection">3.15.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EEB" part="chapter3" ref="N11EEB" type="subsection">3.15.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EF2" part="chapter3" ref="N11EF2" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11EFD" part="chapter3" ref="N11EFD" type="subsection">3.15.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F0E" part="chapter3" ref="N11F0E" type="subsection">3.15.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F15" part="chapter3" ref="N11F15" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F1C" part="chapter3" ref="N11F1C" type="subsection">3.15.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F27" part="chapter3" ref="N11F27" type="subsection">3.15.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F2F" part="chapter3" ref="N11F2F" type="block">3.15.6.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F36" part="chapter3" ref="N11F36" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F41" part="chapter3" ref="N11F41" type="subsection">3.15.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F6B" part="chapter3" ref="N11F6B" type="section">3.16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F76" part="chapter3" ref="N11F76" type="section">3.17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F80" part="chapter3" ref="N11F80" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FA2" part="chapter3" ref="N11FA2" type="section">3.18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FB0" part="chapter3" ref="N11FB0" type="section">3.19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FBD" part="chapter3" ref="N11FBD" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FD3" part="chapter3" ref="N11FD3" type="section">3.20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FE1" part="chapter3" ref="N11FE1" type="section">3.21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FEB" part="chapter3" ref="N11FEB" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FFB" part="chapter4" ref="N11FFB" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12000" part="chapter4" ref="N12000" type="helpercitenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12022" part="chapter4" ref="N12022" type="subsection">4.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1202C" part="chapter4" ref="N1202C" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12041" part="chapter4" ref="N12041" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1204A" part="chapter4" ref="N1204A" type="mm">604#214</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1206F" part="chapter4" ref="N1206F" type="subsection">4.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12074" part="chapter4" ref="N12074" type="block">4.1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12093" part="chapter4" ref="N12093" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1209F" part="chapter4" ref="N1209F" type="mm">604#419</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120BE" part="chapter4" ref="N120BE" type="block">4.1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120E3" part="chapter4" ref="N120E3" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120E6" part="chapter4" ref="N120E6" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12101" part="chapter4" ref="N12101" type="mm">190#218</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1211C" part="chapter4" ref="N1211C" type="block">4.1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12123" part="chapter4" ref="N12123" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12131" part="chapter4" ref="N12131" type="subsection">4.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12147" part="chapter4" ref="N12147" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12162" part="chapter4" ref="N12162" type="mm">134#182</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1216F" part="chapter4" ref="N1216F" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12177" part="chapter4" ref="N12177" type="subsection">4.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1217C" part="chapter4" ref="N1217C" type="block">4.1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12185" part="chapter4" ref="N12185" type="block">4.1.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1218C" part="chapter4" ref="N1218C" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1219D" part="chapter4" ref="N1219D" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121A0" part="chapter4" ref="N121A0" type="mm">604#434</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121BA" part="chapter4" ref="N121BA" type="mm">604#331</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121CC" part="chapter4" ref="N121CC" type="subblock">
                        Nachweis der homologen Rekombination mit den externen und der internen Sonde
                     </cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121D3" part="chapter4" ref="N121D3" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121E2" part="chapter4" ref="N121E2" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121E5" part="chapter4" ref="N121E5" type="mm">604#347</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121F8" part="chapter4" ref="N121F8" type="block">4.1.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1220B" part="chapter4" ref="N1220B" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1220E" part="chapter4" ref="N1220E" type="mm">604#524</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1223E" part="chapter4" ref="N1223E" type="subsection">4.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12253" part="chapter4" ref="N12253" type="block">4.1.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12260" part="chapter4" ref="N12260" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12263" part="chapter4" ref="N12263" type="mm">605#671</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122A0" part="chapter4" ref="N122A0" type="block">4.1.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122B0" part="chapter4" 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id="N126BA" part="chapter5" ref="N126BA" type="citenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N126E1" part="chapter5" ref="N126E1" type="citenumber">90</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N126E9" part="chapter5" ref="N126E9" type="section">5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12720" part="chapter5" ref="N12720" type="citenumber">91</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12775" part="chapter5" ref="N12775" type="citenumber">92</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12783" part="chapter5" ref="N12783" type="section">5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N127FD" part="chapter5" ref="N127FD" type="citenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12829" part="chapter5" ref="N12829" type="section">5.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1283F" part="chapter5" ref="N1283F" type="subsection">5.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12849" part="chapter5" ref="N12849" type="citenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128E1" part="chapter5" ref="N128E1" type="subsection">5.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128E8" part="chapter5" ref="N128E8" type="citenumber">95</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12911" part="chapter5" ref="N12911" type="subsection">5.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1291B" part="chapter5" ref="N1291B" type="citenumber">96</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1294B" part="chapter5" ref="N1294B" type="section">5.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12955" part="chapter5" ref="N12955" type="citenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N12985" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N12987" part="N12987" ref="N12987" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1298E" part="N12987" ref="N1298E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13DD6" part="N13DD6" ref="N13DD6" type="bibliography">6. 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ref="_bib7076" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7134" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7134" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6651" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6651" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6612" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6612" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6621" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6621" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6699" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6699" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6988" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6988" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib6105" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib6105" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7135" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7135" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7136" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7136" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7162" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7162" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7139" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7139" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7140" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7140" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7141" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7141" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7142" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7142" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib7053" part="N13DD6" ref="_bib7053" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="N153CB" part="N153CB" ref="N153CB" type="appendix">7. Anhang</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N153CD" part="N153CB" ref="N153CD" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N153D0" part="N153CB" ref="N153D0" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N153D2" part="N153CB" ref="N153D2" type="freehead"/><cms:entry id="N153D5" part="N153CB" ref="N153D5" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N153D7" part="N153CB" ref="N153D7" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N153DA" part="N153CB" ref="N153DA" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N153DD" part="N153CB" ref="N153DD" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N153DF" part="N153CB" ref="N153DF" type="mm">605#323</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N153FE" part="N153CB" ref="N153FE" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15401" part="N153CB" ref="N15401" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15403" part="N153CB" ref="N15403" type="mm">605#367</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1541F" part="N153CB" ref="N1541F" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15421" part="N153CB" ref="N15421" type="freehead"/><cms:entry id="N15424" part="N153CB" ref="N15424" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15426" part="N153CB" ref="N15426" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N15639" part="N153CB" ref="N15639" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1563B" part="N153CB" ref="N1563B" type="freehead"/><cms:entry id="N1563E" part="N153CB" ref="N1563E" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15640" part="N153CB" ref="N15640" type="mm">446#318</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1564F" part="N153CB" ref="N1564F" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15651" part="N153CB" ref="N15651" type="mm">401#333</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1565E" part="N153CB" ref="N1565E" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15660" part="N153CB" ref="N15660" type="mm">354#331</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1566C" part="N153CB" ref="N1566C" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1566E" part="N153CB" ref="N1566E" type="mm">348#312</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15679" part="N153CB" ref="N15679" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1567B" part="N153CB" ref="N1567B" type="mm">388#326</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1568A" part="N153CB" ref="N1568A" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1568C" part="N153CB" ref="N1568C" type="mm">416#320</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N15697" part="N153CB" ref="N15697" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15699" part="N153CB" ref="N15699" type="mm">406#313</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156A4" part="N153CB" ref="N156A4" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156A6" part="N153CB" ref="N156A6" type="mm">407#354</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156B1" part="N153CB" ref="N156B1" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156B3" part="N153CB" ref="N156B3" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156B5" part="N153CB" ref="N156B5" type="mm">437#323</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156C0" part="N153CB" ref="N156C0" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156C2" part="N153CB" ref="N156C2" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156C4" part="N153CB" ref="N156C4" type="mm">406#300</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156CF" part="N153CB" ref="N156CF" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156D2" part="N156D2" ref="N156D2" type="declaration">Eidesstattliche Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156F0" part="N156F0" ref="N156F0" type="appendix">Publikationsliste und Kongressteilnahme</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N156F2" part="N156F0" ref="N156F2" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N156F5" part="N156F0" ref="N156F5" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N156F7" part="N156F0" ref="N156F7" type="freehead"/><cms:entry id="N156FA" part="N156F0" ref="N156FA" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15730" part="N156F0" ref="N15730" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15732" part="N156F0" ref="N15732" type="freehead"/><cms:entry id="N15735" part="N156F0" ref="N15735" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15738" part="N156F0" ref="N15738" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1573E" part="N156F0" ref="N1573E" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15741" part="N156F0" ref="N15741" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15744" part="N156F0" ref="N15744" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15747" part="N156F0" ref="N15747" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N1574D" part="N156F0" ref="N1574D" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N15754" part="N15754" ref="N15754" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Charitè, Experiementelle Rheumatologie</school><title>Regulation und funktionelle Rolle des murinen Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3 in T- Zellen</title><submission>Dissertation</submission><degree>zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades <br/>doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat) <br/>im Fach Biologie</degree><major>eingereicht an der <br/>Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I <br/>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</major><author>Diplom Biologin <given>Jennifer Sandra Silvia</given> <surname>Freyer</surname> <suffix>geb. Bohnen</suffix>
         <suffix> geb. 07.01.1979 in Herne/Westphalen</suffix>
      </author><p>Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin<br/>Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Christoph Markschies</p><dean>Dekan: Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I:<br/> Prof. Dr. Lutz-Helmut Schön</dean><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. Alf Hamman</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. Jochen Hühn</name>
         <name>PD Dr. Susanne Hartmann</name>
       </approvals><date>Eingereicht am 15.04.08</date><date>Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 30.09.2008 </date><abstract lang="de">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p>In dieser Arbeit wurde die funktionelle Rolle und Regulation des murinen Transkriptionsfaktor Foxp3 untersucht. Der erste wesentliche Teil zur Analyse der funktionellen Rolle war dabei die Erzeugung einer BAC- transgenen Maus. Hierfür wurde ein Zielgenvektor mit der kodierenden Region des eYFPs und einer dualen Selektionskassette sowie die Methode des ET- Klonierens verwendet. Leider war die homologe Rekombination des Zielgenvektors in den BAC nicht erfolgreich. Es kam zu einer ungeklärten Rekombination mit Fremd- DNS. Die Erzeugung der transgenen Maus wurde nach diesem Ergebnis eingestellt, und es wurde mit einer von unserem Kooperationspartner zur Verfügung gestellten BAC- transgenen Maus weitergearbeitet. Diese Maus, die DEREG- Maus, wurde nach dem gleichen Prinzip erstellt, wie die in dieser Arbeit gestartete transgene Maus, an Stelle des eYFPs trägt die DEREG- Maus die kodierenden Region des GFPs und des Diphtheria- Toxin- Rezeptors. Mit dieser Maus wurden erste Analysen zur Überprüfung der transgenen Maus unternommen. Es wurde die Koexpression von GFP und Foxp3, sowie die Depletion der Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T- Zellen mittels Diphtheria- Toxin analysiert.</p>
         <p>Als nächstes wurde die funktionelle Rolle des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3 analysiert. Als einer der ersten Schritte wurde die Stabilität von Foxp3 <em>in vivo</em> überprüft und gezeigt, dass T- Zellen, die das Foxp3- Protein exprimieren, bis zu 14 Tage <em>in vivo</em> stabil sind. Weiterhin wurde die Stabilität der Foxp3- Expression in <em>in vitro</em> Kulturen nach Induktion durch TGF-beta untersucht. Die induzierten Tregs zeigten keine stabile Foxp3- Expression und auch bei der Methylierungsanalyse der TSDR zeigten diese T- Zellen nicht das für <em>ex vivo</em> isolierte Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T- Zellen beschriebene Methylierungsmuster. Die Stabilität scheint mit der Demethylierung der TSDR zu korrelieren. Die induzierten Tregs zeigten neben dem nicht stabilen Foxp3- Phänotyp auch eine von der Foxp3- Expression abhängige Suppression von naiven Zellen im <em>in vitro</em> Proliferations- Test. </p>
         <p>Im dritten Teil der Arbeit wurde die Struktur und Regulation des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3 untersucht. Der Lokus wurde auf konservierte Regionen im Vergleich zu den Spezies Maus, Mensch, Ratte, Huhn, Schimpanse, Hund und Frosch untersucht. Die in Floess*,<sup> </sup>Freyer* <em>et al</em>. [<link ref="_bib6749">1 </link>] gefundenen Region TSDR enthält einen hochkonservierten Bereich. Die Region wurde auf mögliche Transkriptionsfaktor- Bindungsstellen hin analysiert, und ebenfalls wurden in diesem Bereich Histon- Modifikationen für die Acetylierung der Histone H3 und H4, sowie Tri- Methylierung des Lysin4 des Histons H3 gefunden. Die TSDR wurde in Luciferase- Tests auf ihre transkriptionelle Aktivität hin getestet und zeigte einem Enhancer ähnliche unterstützende Aktivität. Die Methylierung der TSDR in den Luciferase- Tests führte zu einer Reduktion der transkriptionellen Aktivität. Deletionsmutanten der TSDR konnten den Bereich für die transkriptionelle Aktivität weiter einschränken und zeigten ein 275pb großes Fragment auf, in welchem viele interessante, mögliche Transkriptionsfaktor- Bindungsstellen und auch die größte Anzahl der differentiell methylierten CpG- Motive liegen</p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="de">
         <keyword>Transkriptionsfaktor Foxp3</keyword>
         <keyword>regulatorische T- Zellen</keyword>
         <keyword>TSDR = Treg specific demethylated region</keyword>
         <keyword>Epigenetische Kontrolle<strong> </strong>
         </keyword>
      </keywords><abstract lang="en">
         <head>Abstract </head>
         <p>The aim of the study was to analyze the function and regulation of the transcription factor Foxp3. In a first step we designed a BAC-transgenic mouse with eYFP under the control of the Foxp3 promoter. For creating these mice we use the ET- cloning method. The step of homologous recombination of the target vector into the BAC failed. Because of that, we decided to work in cooperation with the group of Tim Sparwasser from Munich and their BAC- transgenic mouse called DEREG- mouse. This mouse expresses the coding region of eGFP fused to the diphtheria- toxin- receptor under the control of the Foxp3 promoter. Therefore Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells can be easily detected by eGFP expression and can even be depleted by diphtheria- toxin- application. We confirmed the co- expression of Foxp3 and eGFP and furthermore tested the functionality of the depletion- process of Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells by treatment with diphtheria- toxin.</p>
         <p>In a second study, we analyzed the stability of Foxp3 expressing cells <em>in vivo</em>. Therefore we transferred Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T cells in syngenic mice and analyzed these cells after 14 days for their Foxp3- expression. Furthermore, we tested the induction of Foxp3 expression through TGF-beta and the suppressive activity of these cells. We also analyzed those cells for their methylation pattern, comparing cells, which showed an induction of Foxp3- expression after one week of culture with TGF-beta to cells, which received TGF-beta for one week and were then restimulated in the absence of TGF-beta. The stability of Foxp3 expression seems to correlate with the demethylated state of the TSDR (<u>T</u>reg <u>S</u>pecific <u>D</u>emethylated <u>R</u>egion).</p>
         <p>To get a closer look on the region called TSDR in the murine <em>foxp3</em> locus, we decided to analyze this region under different aspects. First, we checked for putative binding sites of transcription factors by database analysis of the TSDR. We also analysed histon modifications, such as acetylation of histon H3 and H4 and tri- methylation of lysine 4 at histon3, in this region. Presence of these modifications hinted an epigenetic regulation of Foxp3 involving the TSDR. In a last step, the transcriptional activity of TSDR was tested to delineate whether the TSDR serves as an alternative promoter or acts as a regulative element like an enhancer. Luciferase assays showed that TSDR is a regulative enhancer element, which loses transcriptional activity when methylated. Deletion mutants determined the most important fragment of the TSDR.</p>
        
         <p/>
      </abstract><keywords lang="en">
         <keyword>Transkriptionsfactor Foxp3</keyword>
         <keyword>regulatory T- cells</keyword>
         <keyword>TSDR = Treg specific demethylated region</keyword>
         <keyword>epigentic control</keyword>
      </keywords><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1</link> Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N100D0">1.1</link> Grundzüge des Immunsystems</p></li><li><p><link ref="N100FC">1.2</link> CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T- Lymphozyten &#8211; regulatorische T- Zellen (Tregs)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10250">1.3</link> Regulation und Funktion des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3<ul><li><p><link ref="N10255">1.3.1</link> 
                  Regulation der Expression des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10351">1.3.2</link> 
                  Funktion des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1038F">1.4</link> Gen- Regulation und Chromatin- Struktur<ul><li><p><link ref="N1039E">1.4.1</link> 
                  DNS- Methylierung zur Inaktivierung genetischer Aktivität
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1047B">1.4.2</link> 
                  Histon- Modifikation und Chromatin- Struktur
                </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104C8">1.5</link> Erzeugung transgener Mäuse<ul><li><p><link ref="N104D0">1.5.1</link> 
                  Einfacher Genersatz in bakterielle, artifizielle Chromosomen (engl. Bacterial atrificial chromosoms; BACs)
                  <strong> </strong>
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10514">1.5.2</link> 
                  Weitere Rekombinationssysteme
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10544">1.6</link> Ziel der Arbeit</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2</link> Material<ul><li><p><link ref="N10573">2.1</link> Stammlösungen, Puffer und Medien <ul><li><p><link ref="N1057E">2.1.1</link> 
                  Allgemeine Lösungen
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1058E">2.2</link> Lösungen und Medien für die Bakterienkultur<ul><li><p><link ref="N10596">2.2.1</link> 
                  Kultivierung von Bakterien
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N105B0">2.3</link> Lösungen zur Analyse von Nukleinsäuren<ul><li><p><link ref="N105B5">2.3.1</link> 
                  Präparation von DNS
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N105D5">2.3.2</link> 
                  Gelelektrophorese
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N105E4">2.3.3</link> 
                  Transfer von Nukleinsäuren
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N105F7">2.4</link> Lösungen und Medien für die Zellkultur<ul><li><p><link ref="N105FF">2.4.1</link> 
                  Kultivierung
                  
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10619">2.5</link> Nukleinsäuren<ul><li><p><link ref="N1061E">2.5.1</link> 
                  Klonierungsvektoren
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N106EA">2.5.2</link> 
                  Rekombinante Plasmide
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N107CA">2.5.3</link> 
                  Bakterielle, artifizielle Chromosomen (engl. Bacterial artificial chromosoms; BAC)
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10851">2.5.4</link> 
                  Oligonukleotide
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N1085C">2.5.4.1</link> 
                     
                        Primer für PCR
                     
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10BDB">2.5.4.2</link> 
                     Primer für Auftragssequenzierungen
                  </p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C99">2.6</link> Größenstandard für Agarose- Gelelektrophorese</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CF3">2.7</link> Bakterienstämme</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E10">2.8</link> Zelllinien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EF6">2.9</link> Antikörper und Fluorochrome</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11160">2.10</link> Reagenzien- Sätze (Kits<em>)</em>
            </p></li><li><p><link ref="N112B7">2.11</link> Allgemeine Labormaterialien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1133E">2.12</link> Fertige Lösungen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11382">2.13</link> Geräte</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11456">2.14</link> Versuchstiere</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3</link> Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N11467">3.1</link> DNS- Präparation<ul><li><p><link ref="N1146C">3.1.1</link> 
                  Analytische Plasmidisolierung aus Bakterien (Minipräparation)
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11481">3.1.2</link> 
                  Präparative Plasmidisolierung aus Bakterien (Midipräparation)
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11490">3.1.3</link> 
                  Präparative, endotoxinfreie Plasmidisolierung aus Bakterien (Maxipräparation)
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114A4">3.1.4</link> 
                  BAC- DNS- Isolierung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114AD">3.1.5</link> 
                  Isolierung genomischer DNS aus Kulturzellen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114BE">3.1.6</link> 
                  Aufreinigung von DNS aus Agarosegelen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114CE">3.1.7</link> 
                  Natriumacetat- Fällung von DNS
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114E6">3.1.8</link> 
                  RNS- Präparation
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N114F4">3.1.9</link> 
                  RNS- Isolierung
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11509">3.2</link> Polymerase- Kettenreaktion (engl. Polymerase chain reaction; PCR)<ul><li><p><link ref="N1153A">3.2.1</link> 
                  Ableiten von PCR- Primeren
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11558">3.3</link> Typischer 
               PCR- Ansatz für die Taq- Polymerase<ul><li><p><link ref="N11719">3.3.1</link> 
                  Typischer PCR- Ansatz für die Taq- Polymerase und Tgo- Polymerase
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N118B3">3.3.2</link> 
                  Typischer PCR- Ansatz für die Pwo- Polymerase
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A6C">3.4</link> Herstellung von cDNS mit RNS- Matrize für die RTQ- PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B44">3.5</link> RTQ- PCR (engl. real time quantitative PCR)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C0A">3.6</link> Konzentrationsbestimmung von Nukleinsäuren<ul><li><p><link ref="N11C0F">3.6.1</link> 
                  Photometrische Konzentrationsbestimmung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C3B">3.6.2</link> 
                  Konzentrationsabschätzung durch Agarose- Gelelektrophorese
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C47">3.7</link> Gelelektrophorese zur Größenfraktionierung von Nukleinsäuren<ul><li><p><link ref="N11C55">3.7.1</link> 
                  Native Agarose- Gelelektrophorese
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CFE">3.8</link> Enzymatische Modifikation und <em>in vitro</em>- Rekombination von DNS <ul><li><p><link ref="N11D06">3.8.1</link> 
                  Spaltung doppelsträngiger DNS mit Restriktionsendonukleasen
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N11D20">3.8.1.1</link> 
                     
                      Vollständige Spaltung von DNS
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D29">3.8.1.2</link> 
                     Vollständige Spaltung von genomischer DNS
                  </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D3B">3.8.2</link> 
                  Glätten überhängender einzelsträngiger 5&#8216;- DNS- Enden
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D4F">3.8.3</link> 
                 Dephosphorylierung von Vektorenden
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D63">3.8.4</link> 
                  Ligation von DNS- Fragmenten
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D7D">3.8.5</link> 
                  Klonierung von PCR- Fragmenten
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D8B">3.8.6</link> 
                  Methylierung von DNS- Fragmenten
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DA0">3.9</link> Transformation<ul><li><p><link ref="N11DB1">3.9.1</link> 
                  Herstellung transformationskompetenter, einfrierbarer Bakterien
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DCF">3.9.2</link> 
                  Durchführung der Transformation
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DDD">3.9.3</link> 
                  Identifizierung rekombinanter Klone
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DE9">3.10</link> Elektroporation von Bakterien zur homologen Rekombination<ul><li><p><link ref="N11DF6">3.10.1</link> 
                  Vorbereitung der zu transfizierenden DNS
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E0F">3.10.2</link> 
                 Methode des ET- Klonierens
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E25">3.11</link> Auftragsarbeiten<ul><li><p><link ref="N11E2A">3.11.1</link> 
                  Sequenzierungen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E36">3.11.2</link> 
                  Methylierungsanalyse
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E45">3.12</link> Transfer von Nukleinsäuren<ul><li><p><link ref="N11E53">3.12.1</link> 
                  Transfer von DNS (Southern- Blot)
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E6F">3.13</link> Chemilumineszenter Nachweis von Nukleinsäuren und Hybridisierung mit einer markierten Sonde<ul><li><p><link ref="N11E77">3.13.1</link> 
                  Herstellung Biotin- markierter Sonden
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E85">3.13.2</link> 
                  Vorhybridisierung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E90">3.13.3</link> 
                  Hybridisierung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E9B">3.13.4</link> 
                  Waschen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11EB5">3.13.5</link> 
                  Chemilumineszente Detektion
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11EC1">3.14</link> Chromatin  Immun- Präzipitations- Test (ChIP)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11ED2">3.15</link> Methoden der Zellkultur von isolierten Mauszellen und Zelllinien der Maus<ul><li><p><link ref="N11EE0">3.15.1</link> 
                  Auftauen  von Zellen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11EEB">3.15.2</link> 
                  Einfrieren von Zellen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11EFD">3.15.3</link> 
                  Zellzahlbestimmung
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F0E">3.15.4</link> 
                  Passagieren von adhärenten Zellen
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F1C">3.15.5</link> 
                  Ex vivo Isolierung von murinen Lymphozyten
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F27">3.15.6</link> 
                  Färbung von Zellen
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N11F2F">3.15.6.1</link> 
                     Foxp3- Färbung
                  </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F41">3.15.7</link> 
                  Kulturbedingungen
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F6B">3.16</link> Durchflusszytometrische Analyse </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F76">3.17</link> 
               <em>In vitro</em> Proliferations- Test</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FA2">3.18</link> Amaxa Transfektionen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FB0">3.19</link> Adaptiver Transfer von CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> T- Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FD3">3.20</link> Diphtheria Toxin Gabe zur Depletion von Tregs in den DEREG- Mäusen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FE1">3.21</link> Dualer Luciferase- Test</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4</link> Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N11FFB">4.1</link> Erzeugung einer transgenen Foxp3- Reportermaus<ul><li><p><link ref="N12022">4.1.1</link> 
                  Strategie zur Erzeugung einer BAC- transgenen Maus mit einem Reportergen im 
                     <em>foxp3</em>-Lokus
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1206F">4.1.2</link> 
                  Klonierung des Zielgenvektors pBSK5`eYFPSVneo/kan3`
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N12074">4.1.2.1</link> 
                     
                        Einführung der kodierenden Region des eYFPs und des SV40PolyA
                     
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N120BE">4.1.2.2</link> 
                     Erzeugung der homologen Regionen
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1211C">4.1.2.3</link> 
                     Einführung der Selektionskassette 
                  </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12131">4.1.3</link> 
                  Analyse des Zielgenvektors
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12177">4.1.4</link> 
                  Herstellung und Analyse der transgenen Klone
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N1217C">4.1.4.1</link> 
                     Elektroporation der Bakterien und homologe Rekombination des Inserts mit dem BAC
                     
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12185">4.1.4.2</link> 
                     Southern- Blot- Analyse 
                  <ul><li><p><link ref="N121CC">
                        Nachweis der homologen Rekombination mit den externen und der internen Sonde
                     </link></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121F8">4.1.4.3</link> 
                     Sequenzierungsanalyse der Klone
                  </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1223E">4.1.5</link> 
                  Analyse der DEREG- Maus
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N12253">4.1.5.1</link> 
                    Analyse der Foxp3 <sup>+</sup> T- Zellen in der DEREG- Maus
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N122A0">4.1.5.2</link> 
                     Depletion der Foxp3 <sup>+</sup> T- Zellen
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N122ED">4.1.5.3</link> 
                     Vergleich der Diphtheria- Toxine von Merck und Sigma zur Depletion der Foxp3 <sup>+</sup>T- Zellen
                  </p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1232A">4.2</link> Analyse von Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T- Zellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N12344">4.2.1</link> 
                  Stabilität von Foxp3 <em>in vivo</em>            
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N123CF">4.2.2</link> 
                  Stabilität korreliert mit demethylierten CpGs in konservierter Region im Intron I
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12474">4.2.3</link> 
                  Foxp3- Expression korreliert mit suppressiver Kapazität
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124C5">4.3</link> Analyse der Regulation des murinen <em>foxp3</em>- Lokus<ul><li><p><link ref="N124D3">4.3.1</link> 
                  Histon- Modifikationen korrelieren mit Foxp3- Expression
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1252F">4.3.2</link> 
                  Transkriptionsfaktor- Bindungsstellen in der TSDR
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12548">4.3.3</link> 
                  Analyse der transkriptionalen Aktivität der TSDR
               <ul><li><p><link ref="N12556">4.3.3.1</link> 
                     Analyse der unterschiedlichen Luciferasekonstrukte
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N125E3">4.3.3.2</link> 
                     Methylierung der TSDR im dualen Luciferase- Test
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12635">4.3.3.3</link> 
                     Deletion der TSDR- Region
                  </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12657">4.3.3.4</link> 
                    Amaxa- Transfektion von naiven Zellen
                  </p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5</link> Diskussion<ul><li><p><link ref="N1269D">5.1</link> Erzeugung einer Foxp3- transgenen Reportermaus</p></li><li><p><link ref="N126E9">5.2</link> Analyse der DEREG- Maus &#8211; funktionelle Rolle des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12783">5.3</link> Expression und funktionelle Analyse des Transkriptionsfaktors Foxp3</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12829">5.4</link> Regulation der Transkription des Foxp3- Gens<ul><li><p><link ref="N1283F">5.4.1</link> 
                  Aufbau des <em>foxp3</em> - Lokus
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N128E1">5.4.2</link> 
                  Transkriptionale Aktivität der TSDR
               </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12911">5.4.3</link> 
                 Gen- Regulation und Chromatin- Struktur im <em>foxp3</em>- Lokus
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1294B">5.5</link> Ausblick</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12987">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13DD6">6. Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N153CB">7. Anhang</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N156D2">Eidesstattliche Erklärung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N156F0">Publikationsliste und Kongressteilnahme</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15754">Danksagung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10625">Tabelle 1: Klonierungsvektoren, ausführliche Vektorkarten siehe Anhang</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N106F7">Tabelle 2: <strong>Verwendete rekombinante Plasmide</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N107D4">Tabelle 3: <strong>Verwendete BACs</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10863">Tabelle 4: <strong>Übersicht über die in dieser Arbeit für die PCR verwendeten Primer</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10BE8">Tabelle 5: <strong>Startermoleküle für Auftragssequenzierungen</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CA0">Tabelle 6: <strong>verwendete Nukleinsäure- Größenstandards</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CFD">Tabelle 7: <strong>In dieser Arbeit verwendeter Bakterienstämme</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E17">Tabelle 8: <strong>Verwendete Zelllinien</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F03">Tabelle 9: <strong>Verwendete Antikörper</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11060">Tabelle 10: <strong>Eingesetzte Fluorochrome und Farbstoffe</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11565">Tabelle 11: <strong>PCR- Ansatz und Programm mit der Taq- Polymerase</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11723">Tabelle 12: <strong>PCR- Ansatz und Programm mit der Taq- und Tgo- Polymerase</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N118BA">Tabelle 13: <strong>PCR- Ansatz und Programm mit der Pwo- Polymerase</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A79">Tabelle 14: <strong>Ansatz für die cDNS Synthese</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B4E">Tabelle 15: <strong>Ansatz einer RT- PCR Reaktion</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C62">Tabelle 16: <strong>Auflösungsvermögen von Agarosegelen bei verschiedenen Agarose</strong>
                        <strong>konzentra</strong>
                        <strong>tionen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15426">Tabelle 17: <strong>Orginalwerte zur Methylierungsanalyse</strong>
               </link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10176">Abbildung 1<strong>: Übersicht zur Entstehung von CD25</strong>
                     <strong>
                        <sup>+</sup>
                     </strong>
                     <strong> CD4</strong>
                     <strong>
                        <sup>+</sup>
                     </strong>
                     <strong> T- Zellen in Thymus und Peripherie</strong>
                  </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N103AC">Abbildung 2: <strong>Darstellung der Methylierung des Cytosins</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N103D2">Abbildung 3: <strong>Methylierung und Demethylierung von DNS</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10431">Abbildung 4: <strong>Methylierungsstatus von ex vivo isolierten CD25</strong>
                        <strong>
                           <sup>+</sup>
                        </strong>
                        <strong>/</strong>
                        <strong>
                           <sup>-</sup>
                        </strong>
                        <strong> T- Zellen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1048C">Abbildung 5: <strong>Histon- Acetylierung führt zu offenen Chromatin- Strukturen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1204A">Abbildung 6: <strong>Schema für die homologe Rekombination des Repotergens eYFP mit der kodierenden Region des </strong>
                        <strong>
                           <em>Foxp</em>
                        </strong>
                        <strong>3- Gens</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1209F">Abbildung 7: <strong>Klonierung des Zielgenvektors pBSK5`eYFPSVneo/kan3`</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121A0">Abbildung 10: <strong>Darstellung des Southern- Blots mit den externen Sonden</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121BA">Abbildung 11: <strong>Darstellung der Southern- Blot- Analyse mit interner Sonde</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121E5">Abbildung 12: <strong>Southern Blot Analyse mit der 5´externen und internen Sonde</strong>
                           </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1220E">Abbildung 13: <strong>Ergebnisse der Sequenzierungsanalyse</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12263">Abbildung 14: <strong>Analyse der Foxp3</strong>
                           <strong>
                              <sup>+</sup>
                           </strong>
                           <strong> </strong>
                           <strong>T- Zellen</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N122B3">Abbildung 15: <strong>Depletion der Foxp3</strong>
                           <strong>
                              <sup>+</sup>
                           </strong>
                           <strong> bzw. GFP</strong>
                           <strong>
                              <sup>+</sup>
                           </strong>
                           <strong> </strong>
                           <strong>T- Zellen</strong>
                           <strong> in DEREG Mäusen</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12313">Abbildung 16: <strong>Gewichtsabnahme der Mäuse bei Diphtheria Toxin- Behandlung</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12384">Abbildung 17: <strong>Analyse der Stabilität Foxp3</strong>
                        <strong>
                           <sup>+</sup>
                        </strong>
                        <strong> T- Zellen </strong>
                        <strong>
                           <em>in vivo</em>
                        </strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N123F7">Abbildung 18: <strong>Foxp3- Expression unter unterschiedlichen Kulturbedingungen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12433">Abbildung 19: <strong>Methylierungsstatus von sechs Tage bzw. zwölf Tage kultivierten </strong>
                        <strong>T- Zellen</strong>
                        <strong> in An- und nach Restimulation in Abwesenheit von TGF-</strong>
                        <strong>&#946;</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12496">Abbildung 20: <strong>Analyse der suppressorischen Eigenschaften der unterschiedlich Foxp3 exprimierenden</strong> <strong>T- Zellen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124E3">Abbildung 21: <strong>ChIP- Analyse der CD25</strong>
                        <strong>
                           <sup>+</sup>
                        </strong>
                        <strong> versus CD25</strong>
                        <strong>
                           <sup>-</sup>
                        </strong>
                        <strong> T- Zellen</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12536">Abbildung 22: <strong>Darstellung gefundener, möglicher Transkriptionsfaktor- Bindungsstellen in der TSDR</strong>
                     </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12560">Abbildung 23: <strong>Darstellung der Luciferasekonstrukte</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1258D">Abbildung 24: <strong>Analyse der Luciferase Aktivität nach 24 und 48 Stunden</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N125A7">Abbildung 25: <strong>Vergleich der Transfektion von Jurkat und EL-4 Zellen</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N125C1">Abbildung 26: <strong>Vergleich der</strong> <strong>unterschiedlichen Konstrukte in verschiedenen Luciferaseplasmiden</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N125FC">Abbildung 27: <strong>Methylierung der TSDR im Luciferase- Test</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12642">Abbildung 28: <strong>Deletion der TSDR im Luciferase- Test</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12664">Abbildung 29: <strong>Expression des GFP- Reporterplasmids in naiven CD4</strong>
                           <strong>
                              <sup>+</sup>
                           </strong>
                           <strong> T- Zellen und Analyse der Zellzahl nach Amaxa Transfektion</strong>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N153DF">Abbildung 30: <strong>Graphische Darstellung der Sequenzierung des Zielgenvektors pBSK5`eYFPpAdual3`mit dem Primer T3</strong>
               </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15403">Abbildung 31: <strong>Graphische Darstellung der Sequenzierung des Zielgenvektors pBSK5`eYFPpAdual3` mit dem Primer T7</strong>
               </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15640">Abbildung 32: <strong>Übersicht des Klonierungsvektors pBluescript II SK (2+)</strong>
               </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15651">Abbildung 33: <strong>Übersicht des Klonierungsvektor pBSK mit dualer Resistenzkassette</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15660">Abbildung 34: <strong>Übersicht des Klonierungsvektor von Markus Mohrs</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1566E">Abbildung 35: <strong>Übersicht über Transfektionsvektor pMCV 1.4 eGFP</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1567B">Abbildung 36: <strong>Übersicht des Zielgenvektors 5`eYFPpAdual3`</strong>
               </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1568C">Abbildung 37: <strong>Übersicht des Reportevektors pRL-TK</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N15699">Abbildung 38: <strong>Übersicht über Klonierungsvektor pGL3Basic</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N156A6">Abbildung 39: <strong>Übersicht des Reportervektors pGL3BasicTSDR</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N156B5">Abbildung 40: <strong>Übersicht des Klonierungsvektors pGL3Promoter</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N156C4">Abbildung 41: <strong>Übersicht des Repotervektors pGL3Promoter TSDR</strong></link></p></li></ul></front><img src="http://vg01.met.vgwort.de/na/b7d4da7d3250989336a4c7c68b94ea" width="1" height="1" alt=""/></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>