<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry id="front" part="front" ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Zur Bedeutung der Apolipoproteinexpression für die Entwicklung einer Senilen Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ Semiquantitative Bestimmung von Apolipoprotein E und D im Hippokampus im Verlauf der Erkrankung</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Frauke Glöckner</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100DD" part="chapter1" ref="N100DD" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E2" part="chapter1" ref="N100E2" type="subsection">1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E9" part="chapter1" ref="N100E9" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10102" part="chapter1" ref="N10102" type="subsection">1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10127" part="chapter1" ref="N10127" type="subsection">1.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10140" part="chapter1" ref="N10140" type="subsection">1.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10147" part="chapter1" ref="N10147" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10167" part="chapter1" ref="N10167" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10280" part="chapter1" ref="N10280" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N102A0" part="chapter1" ref="N102A0" type="mm">944#614</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102AD" part="chapter1" ref="N102AD" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1038B" part="chapter1" ref="N1038B" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10443" part="chapter1" ref="N10443" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10463" part="chapter1" ref="N10463" type="mm">897#466</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10477" part="chapter2" ref="N10477" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10485" part="chapter3" ref="N10485" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1048A" part="chapter3" ref="N1048A" type="helpercitenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10490" part="chapter3" ref="N10490" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104A1" part="chapter3" ref="N104A1" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104A8" part="chapter3" ref="N104A8" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104C0" part="chapter3" ref="N104C0" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104C5" part="chapter3" ref="N104C5" type="subsection">3.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104D2" part="chapter3" ref="N104D2" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N108DA" part="chapter3" ref="N108DA" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108DD" part="chapter3" ref="N108DD" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10CE8" part="chapter3" ref="N10CE8" type="subsection">3.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CF7" part="chapter3" ref="N10CF7" type="subsection">3.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CFE" part="chapter3" ref="N10CFE" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D06" part="chapter3" ref="N10D06" type="subsection">3.4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D1A" part="chapter3" ref="N10D1A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10DD6" part="chapter3" ref="N10DD6" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DDD" part="chapter3" ref="N10DDD" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DF4" part="chapter4" ref="N10DF4" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DF9" part="chapter4" ref="N10DF9" type="helpercitenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E00" part="chapter4" ref="N10E00" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10EB3" part="chapter4" ref="N10EB3" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EC2" part="chapter4" ref="N10EC2" type="mm">407#309</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EDB" part="chapter4" ref="N10EDB" type="section">4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EE0" part="chapter4" ref="N10EE0" type="subsection">4.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EEF" part="chapter4" ref="N10EEF" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F03" part="chapter4" ref="N10F03" type="mm">308#248</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F13" part="chapter4" ref="N10F13" type="block">4.2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F1A" part="chapter4" ref="N10F1A" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F22" part="chapter4" ref="N10F22" type="mm">561#455</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F36" part="chapter4" ref="N10F36" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1121B" part="chapter4" ref="N1121B" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11224" part="chapter4" ref="N11224" type="mm">545#397</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11241" part="chapter4" ref="N11241" type="block">4.2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11248" part="chapter4" ref="N11248" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1124F" part="chapter4" ref="N1124F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N114E1" part="chapter4" ref="N114E1" type="subsection">4.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114E8" part="chapter4" ref="N114E8" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114EE" part="chapter4" ref="N114EE" type="mm">372#101</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1150A" part="chapter4" ref="N1150A" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1150D" part="chapter4" ref="N1150D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N116AB" part="chapter4" ref="N116AB" type="block">4.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116B6" part="chapter4" ref="N116B6" type="mm">545#509</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116CC" part="chapter4" ref="N116CC" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116D3" part="chapter4" ref="N116D3" type="mm">564#503</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116E1" part="chapter4" ref="N116E1" type="block">4.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116EC" part="chapter4" ref="N116EC" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116EF" part="chapter4" ref="N116EF" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11854" part="chapter4" ref="N11854" type="section">4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11859" part="chapter4" ref="N11859" type="subsection">4.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11865" part="chapter4" ref="N11865" type="subsection">4.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1186A" part="chapter4" ref="N1186A" type="block">4.3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11871" part="chapter4" ref="N11871" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11876" part="chapter4" ref="N11876" type="block">4.3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11880" part="chapter4" ref="N11880" type="subsection">4.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11888" part="chapter4" ref="N11888" type="block">4.3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1188F" part="chapter4" ref="N1188F" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11898" part="chapter4" ref="N11898" type="mm">555#788</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N118A7" part="chapter4" ref="N118A7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11A1E" part="chapter4" ref="N11A1E" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A32" part="chapter4" ref="N11A32" type="block">4.3.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A50" part="chapter4" ref="N11A50" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11BBE" part="chapter4" ref="N11BBE" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BC1" part="chapter4" ref="N11BC1" type="mm">563#801</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BD7" part="chapter5" ref="N11BD7" type="section">5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BDC" part="chapter5" ref="N11BDC" type="subsection">5.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BE1" part="chapter5" ref="N11BE1" type="helpercitenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C6B" part="chapter5" ref="N11C6B" type="subsection">5.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CDD" part="chapter5" ref="N11CDD" type="section">5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CE2" part="chapter5" ref="N11CE2" type="subsection">5.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CE9" part="chapter5" ref="N11CE9" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D45" part="chapter5" ref="N11D45" type="subsection">5.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D9F" part="chapter5" ref="N11D9F" type="section">5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DA4" part="chapter5" ref="N11DA4" type="subsection">5.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DEF" part="chapter5" ref="N11DEF" type="subsection">5.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11DF6" part="chapter5" ref="N11DF6" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter6" part="chapter6" ref="chapter6" type="chapter">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E24" part="chapter6" ref="N11E24" type="helpercitenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="chapter7" type="chapter">7</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N11E30" type="helpercitenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N11E44" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N11E46" part="N11E46" ref="N11E46" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E4D" part="N11E46" ref="N11E4D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1204B" part="N1204B" ref="N1204B" 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type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib21787" part="N1206B" ref="_bib21787" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib21793" part="N1206B" ref="_bib21793" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib19599" part="N1206B" ref="_bib19599" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib22022" part="N1206B" ref="_bib22022" type="citation"/><cms:entry id="_bib21878" part="N1206B" ref="_bib21878" type="citation"/><cms:entry part="chapter7" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry id=":contents" part="front" ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><chapter id="chapter7" label="7">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p><citenumber helper="true" id="N11E30" start="23"/>Die Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ (DAT) ist der häufigste Grund für eine Demenz im höheren Lebensalter. Neuropathologische Kennzeichen der Erkrankung sind fibrilläre Veränderungen in den Neuronen (NFV) und extrazelluläre Amyloidplaques. Der bedeutendste Risikofaktor für die DAT ist, neben dem Alter, ein Polymorphismus im Gen des Lipidtransportmoleküls Apolipoprotein E (APOE, Gen; ApoE, Protein). Der entscheidende Pathomechanismus, warum der Besitz des APOE &#949;4-Allels mit diesem erhöhten Erkrankungrisiko assoziiert ist, konnte bisher nicht aufgeklärt werden. Neben funktionellen Unterschieden der Isoformen könnte auch die quantitative Verfügbarkeit des Proteins bei der Pathogenese der DAT eine Rolle spielen, worauf eine Assoziation von Polymorphismen im APOE-Promotor mit einem erhöhten DAT-Risiko hinweisen. Die Literaturangaben zum ApoE-Gehalt im Hirn in Abhängigkeit von Diagnose und/oder Genotyp sind widersprüchlich. Da ApoE als Lipidtransporter insbesondere bei plastischen Umbauprozessen in Gehirn wichtig sein könnte, erschien es sinnvoll, den Proteingehalt weniger in Abhängigkeit von der Diagnose (DAT oder nicht) als vielmehr in Korrelation zur Schwere der Veränderungen (z.B. entsprechend der neuropathologischen Stadieneinteilung der DAT nach der Braak) zu untersuchen.<br/><br/>Neben ApoE wurden auch andere Apolipoproteine wie Apolipoprotein D (ApoD) in der Pathogenese der DAT diskutiert. Wie ApoE steigt ApoD nach experimentellen Nervenläsionen und nach Läsion des entorhinalen Kortex, welche die Hauptafferenz zum Hippokampus zerstört, stark an. Um herauszufinden, ob es hier eine Beziehung zur Entwicklung der NFV oder von Amyloidplaques und dem APOE-Polymorphismus gibt, wurden auch Veränderungen im hippokampalen ApoD-Gehalt bestimmt.<br/><br/>Untersucht wurde der Apolipoproteingehalt in 104 nach Alter, Geschlecht, Braak-Stadium und APOE-Genotyp abgeglichenen Hippokampusproben, da diese Hirnregion im Verlauf einer Demenz früh und nachhaltig betroffen ist. Es erfolgte ein semiquantitativer, immunhistochemischer Nachweis mittels Western Blot, um den Proteingehalt verschiedener Proben miteinander vergleichen zu können.<br/><br/>Die Untersuchung zeigte einen Anstieg des hippokampalen ApoE in den frühen Stadien der Erkrankung mit neurofibrillären Veränderungen im entorhinalen Kortex und nachfolgend eine Verminderung von ApoE mit dem Fortschreiten der pathologischen Veränderungen. Im Gegensatz hierzu stieg der ApoD-Gehalt mit der Schwere der neurofibrillären Veränderungen kontinuierlich an. Die Veränderungen waren jedoch im Wesentlichen auf die APOE &#949;3/3-Proben beschränkt. In den Proben, die das Risikoallel APOE &#949;4 trugen, waren keine statistisch signifikanten Veränderungen nachweisbar.<br/><br/>Keines der beiden Apolipoproteine zeigte eine Abhängigkeit von der Ausbreitung/Schwere der Amyloidablagerungen.<br/><br/>Die ApoE-Daten sprechen dafür, dass APOE &#949;3-homozygote Individuen zu Beginn der DAT-assoziierten NFV andere Reparationsmechanismen zur Verfügung haben könnten als Menschen, die das Risikoallel APOE &#949;4 besitzen. Hier könnte eine Erklärung dafür liegen, das APOE &#949;4-Allelträger früher an einer DAT erkranken. Der mit dem Fortschreiten der NFV verbundene ApoD-Anstieg in der APOE &#949;3/3-Gruppe könnte ein zusätzlicher protektiver Faktor sein.</p>
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