6 Literaturverzeichnis

[1] Janeway, C. A.; Travers, P.; Walport, M. und Capra, J. D. (1999): Immunobiology: the immune system in health and disease, 4th Edition. Auflage, Elsevier Science Ltd/Garland Publishing, New York.

[2] Rammensee, H. G. (1996): Antigen presentation--recent developments, Int Arch Allergy Immunol, (Band 110), No. 4, Seite 299-307.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=8768795

[3] Rao, A. und Avni, O. (2000): Molecular aspects of T-cell differentiation, Br Med Bull, (Band 56), No. 4, Seite 969-84. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=11359632

[4] Nossal, G. J. (1994): Negative selection of lymphocytes, Cell, (Band 76), No. 2, Seite 229-39.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=8293461

[5] Heard, R. (1994): HLA and autoimmune disease, HLA and disease, Academic Press Ltd, London.

[6] Lang, B.; Melchers, I.; Urlacher, A.; Tanzi-Fetta, R. F.; Kohlbrenner, S.; Tongio, M. M. und Peter, H. H. (1990): HLA-DR1 and DRw6 association in DR4-negative rheumatoid arthritis patients, Rheumatol Int, (Band 10), No. 4, Seite 171-5.

[7] Weyand, C. M.; McCarthy, T. G. und Goronzy, J. J. (1995): Correlation between disease phenotype and genetic heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis, J Clin Invest, (Band 95), No. 5, Seite 2120-6..

[8] Listing, J.; Rau, R.; Muller, B.; Alten, R.; Gromnica-Ihle, E.; Hagemann, D. und Zink, A. (2000): HLA-DRB1 genes, rheumatoid factor, and elevated C-reactive protein: independent risk factors of radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis. Berlin Collaborating Rheumatological Study Group, J Rheumatol, (Band 27), No. 9, Seite 2100-9..

[9] Gerok, W.; Huber, C.; Meinertz, T. und Zeidler, H. (2000): Die innere Medizin, Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart.

[10] Feldmann, M.; Brennan, F. M. und Maini, R. N. (1996): Role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis, Annu Rev Immunol, (Band 14), Seite 397-440. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=8717520

[11] Weyand, C. M. und Goronzy, J. J. (1997): Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, Med Clin North Am, (Band 81), No. 1, Seite 29-55.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=9012754

[12] Weyand, C. M.; Hicok, K. C.; Conn, D. L. und Goronzy, J. J. (1992): The influence of HLA-DRB1 genes on disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis, Ann Intern Med, (Band 117), No. 10, Seite 801-6..

[13] Marsh, S. G.; Bodmer, J. G.; Albert, E. D.; Bodmer, W. F.; Bontrop, R. E.; Dupont, B.; Erlich, H. A.; Hansen, J. A.; Mach, B.; Mayr, W. R.; Parham, P.; Petersdorf, E. W.; Sasazuki, T.; Schreuder, G. M.; Strominger, J. L.; Svejgaard, A. und Terasaki, P. I. (2001): Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 2000, Hum Immunol, (Band 62), No. 4, Seite 419-68..

[14] Mach, B.; Steimle, V.; Martinez-Soria, E. und Reith, W. (1996): Regulation of MHC class II genes: lessons from a disease, Annu Rev Immunol, (Band 14), Seite 301-31. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer?, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/getmim%3ffield=medline_uid&search=8717517

[15] Benoist, C. und Mathis, D. (1990): Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class-II genes: X, Y and other letters of the alphabet, Annu Rev Immunol, (Band 8), Seite 681-715.

[16] Tsang, S. Y.; Nakanishi, M. und Peterlin, B. M. (1990): Mutational analysis of the DRA promoter: cis-acting sequences and trans- acting factors, Mol Cell Biol, (Band 10), No. 2, Seite 711-9..

[17] Jabrane-Ferrat, N.; Fontes, J. D.; Boss, J. M. und Peterlin, B. M. (1996): Complex architecture of major histocompatibility complex class II promoters: reiterated motifs and conserved protein-protein interactions, Mol Cell Biol, (Band 16), No. 9, Seite 4683-90..

[18] Buratowski, S.; Hahn, S.; Guarente, L. und Sharp, P. A. (1989): Five intermediate complexes in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II, Cell, (Band 56), No. 4, Seite 549-61..

[19] Van Dyke, M. W.; Sawadogo, M. und Roeder, R. G. (1989): Stability of transcription complexes on class II genes, Mol Cell Biol, (Band 9), No. 1, Seite 342-4..

[20] Louis, P.; Eliaou, J. F.; Kerlan-Candon, S.; Pinet, V.; Vincent, R. und Clot, J. (1993): Polymorphism in the regulatory region of HLA-DRB genes correlating with haplotype evolution, Immunogenetics, (Band 38), No. 1, Seite 21-6.

[21] Sutton, V. R.; Kienzle, B. K. und Knowles, R. W. (1989): An altered splice site is found in the DRB4 gene that is not expressed in HLA-DR7,Dw11 individuals, Immunogenetics, (Band 29), No. 5, Seite 317-22.

[22] Leen, M. P. und Gorski, J. (1997): DRB4 promoter polymorphism in DR7 individuals: correlation with DRB4 pre-mRNA and mRNA levels, Immunogenetics, (Band 45), No. 6, Seite 371-8.

[23] Voorter, C. E.; Lardy, N. M. und van den Berg-Loonen, E. M. (2000): Presence of the DRB4*0103102N null allele in different DRB1*04-positive individuals, Tissue Antigens, (Band 55), No. 1, Seite 37-43..

[24] Cowell, L. G.; Kepler, T. B.; Janitz, M.; Lauster, R. und Mitchison, N. A. (1998): The distribution of variation in regulatory gene segments, as present in MHC class II promoters, Genome Res, (Band 8), No. 2, Seite 124-34.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer?, http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/8/2/124

[25] Mitchison, N. A. (2001): Genetic variation in the MHC II promoter: lessons for regulation and for comparative genomics, Folia Biol, (Band 47), No. 6, Seite 183-6. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=11768774

[26] Guardiola, J.; Maffei, A.; Lauster, R.; Mitchison, N. A.; Accolla, R. S. und Sartoris, S. (1996): Functional significance of polymorphism among MHC class II gene promoters, Tissue Antigens, (Band 48), No. 6, Seite 615-25..

[27] Gregersen, P. K.; Silver, J. und Winchester, R. J. (1987): The shared epitope hypothesis. An approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, Arthritis Rheum, (Band 30), No. 11, Seite 1205-13..

[28] Hall, F. C.; Weeks, D. E.; Camilleri, J. P.; Williams, L. A.; Amos, N.; Darke, C.; Gibson, K.; Pile, K.; Wordsworth, B. P. und Jessop, J. D. (1996): Influence of the HLA-DRB1 locus on susceptibility and severity in rheumatoid arthritis, Qjm, (Band 89), No. 11, Seite 821-9..

[29] Muller, B.; Gimsa, U.; Mitchison, N. A.; Radbruch, A.; Sieper, J. und Yin, Z. (1998): Modulating the Th1/Th2 balance in inflammatory arthritis, Springer Semin Immunopathol, (Band 20), No. 1-2, Seite 181-96. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=9836376

[30] Janitz, M.; Mitchison, A.; Reiners-Schramm, L. und Lauster, R. (1997): Polymorphic MHC class II promoters exhibit distinct expression pattern in various antigen-presenting cell lines, Tissue Antigens, (Band 49), No. 2, Seite 99-106..

[31] Baumgart, M.; Moos, V.; Schuhbauer, D. und Muller, B. (1998): Differential expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes on murine macrophages associated with T cell cytokine profile and protective/suppressive effects, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, (Band 95), No. 12, Seite 6936-40.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer? , http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/95/12/6936

[32] Czerwony, G.; Alten, R.; Gromnica-Ihle, E.; Hagemann, D.; Reuter, U.; Sorensen, H. und Muller, B. (1999): Differential surface expression of HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DRB4 among peripheral blood cells of DR4 positive individuals, Hum Immunol, (Band 60), No. 1, Seite 1-9..

[33] Teyton, L.; Lotteau, V.; Turmel, P.; Arenzana-Seisdedos, F.; Virelizier, J. L.; Pujol, J. P.; Loyau, G.; Piatier-Tonneau, D.; Auffray, C. und Charron, D. J. (1987): HLA DR, DQ, and DP antigen expression in rheumatoid synovial cells: a biochemical and quantitative study, J Immunol, (Band 138), No. 6, Seite 1730-8.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?db=m&form=6&dopt=r&uid=3102596

[34] Eliaou, J. F.; Andary, M.; Favier, F.; Carayon, P.; Poncelet, P.; Sany, J.; Brochier, J. und Clot, J. (1988): Increase of class II HLA molecules on the membrane of B lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Autoimmunity, (Band 1), No. 3, Seite 217-22.

[35] Kerlan-Candon, S.; Louis-Plence, P.; Wiedemann, A.; Combe, B.; Clot, J.; Eliaou, J. F. und Pinet, V. (2001): Specific overexpression of rheumatoid arthritis-associated HLA-DR alleles and presentation of low-affinity peptides, Arthritis Rheum, (Band 44), No. 6, Seite 1281-92..

[36] Sykes, B. C. (1983): DNA in heritable disease, Lancet, (Band 2), No. 8353, Seite 787-8..

[37] Scharf, S. J.; Griffith, R. L. und Erlich, H. A. (1991): Rapid typing of DNA sequence polymorphism at the HLA-DRB1 locus using the polymerase chain reaction and nonradioactive oligonucleotide probes, Hum Immunol, (Band 30), No. 3, Seite 190-201..

[38] Glimcher, L. H. und Kara, C. J. (1992): Sequences and factors: a guide to MHC class-II transcription, Annu Rev Immunol, (Band 10), Seite 13-49.

[39] Louis, P.; Vincent, R.; Cavadore, P.; Clot, J. und Eliaou, J. F. (1994): Differential transcriptional activities of HLA-DR genes in the various haplotypes, J Immunol, (Band 153), No. 11, Seite 5059-67..

[40] Leen, M. P. und Gorski, J. (1996): Differential expression of isomorphic HLA-DR beta genes is not a sole function of transcription, Hum Immunol, (Band 50), No. 2, Seite 111-20..

[41] Enard, W.; Khaitovich, P.; Klose, J.; Zöllner, S.; Heissig, F. und Pääbo, S. (2002): Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Primate Gene Expression Patterns, Science, (Band 296), No. 5565, Seite 340-3.

[42] Duh, J. L.; Zhu, H.; Shertzer, H. G.; Nebert, D. W. und Puga, A. (1995): The Y-box motif mediates redox-dependent transcriptional activation in mouse cells, J Biol Chem, (Band 270), No. 51, Seite 30499-507.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer?, http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/full/270/51/30499

[43] Voliva, C. F.; Aronheim, A.; Walker, M. D. und Peterlin, B. M. (1992): B-cell factor 1 is required for optimal expression of the DRA promoter in B cells, Mol Cell Biol, (Band 12), No. 5, Seite 2383-90..

[44] Louis-Plence, P.; Moreno, C. S. und Boss, J. M. (1997): Formation of a regulatory factor X/X2 box-binding protein/nuclear factor-Y multiprotein complex on the conserved regulatory regions of HLA class II genes, J Immunol, (Band 159), No. 8, Seite 3899-909.. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/Entrez/referer?, http://www.jimmunol.org/cgi-bin/Retreiver.cgi/v159n8/3899/3899-abs-frame.html

[45] Naruse, T. K.; Ando, R.; Nose, Y.; Kagiya, M.; Ando, H.; Kawata, H.; Nabeya, N.; Isshiki, G. und Inoko, H. (1997): HLA-DRB4 genotyping by PCR-RFLP: diversity in the associations between HLA-DRB4 and DRB1 alleles, Tissue Antigens, (Band 49), No. 2, Seite 152-9..