<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Optimierung der koronaren Plaquedarstellung in der Magnetresonanztomographie</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Steffen  Huber</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100A7" part="chapter2" ref="N100A7" type="pagenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100CA" part="chapter2" ref="N100CA" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D4" part="chapter2" ref="N100D4" type="pagenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D9" part="chapter2" ref="N100D9" type="section">2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E0" part="chapter2" ref="N100E0" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E9" part="chapter2" ref="N100E9" type="subsection">2.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100F5" part="chapter2" ref="N100F5" type="subsection">2.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10104" part="chapter2" ref="N10104" type="pagenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1010F" part="chapter2" ref="N1010F" type="section">2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10114" part="chapter2" ref="N10114" type="subsection">2.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10121" part="chapter2" ref="N10121" type="subsection">2.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10136" part="chapter2" ref="N10136" type="subsection">2.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1014B" part="chapter2" ref="N1014B" type="pagenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1014F" part="chapter2" ref="N1014F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N102D5" part="chapter2" ref="N102D5" type="subsection">2.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102D9" part="chapter2" ref="N102D9" type="pagenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102FD" part="chapter2" ref="N102FD" type="pagenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10301" part="chapter2" ref="N10301" type="mm">561#437</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10313" part="chapter2" ref="N10313" type="pagenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10317" part="chapter2" ref="N10317" type="mm">561#431</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10334" part="chapter2" ref="N10334" type="pagenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10347" part="chapter2" ref="N10347" type="mm">561#437</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10361" part="chapter2" ref="N10361" type="pagenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10368" part="chapter2" ref="N10368" type="mm">561#432</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10380" part="chapter2" ref="N10380" type="subsection">2.2.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10384" part="chapter2" ref="N10384" type="pagenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10389" part="chapter2" ref="N10389" type="block">2.2.5.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D7" part="chapter2" ref="N103D7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N103DE" part="chapter2" ref="N103DE" type="pagenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104C0" part="chapter2" ref="N104C0" type="block">2.2.5.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104DD" part="chapter2" ref="N104DD" type="subsection">2.2.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104E4" part="chapter2" ref="N104E4" type="pagenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10503" part="chapter2" ref="N10503" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10507" part="chapter2" ref="N10507" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10512" part="chapter2" ref="N10512" type="pagenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10519" part="chapter2" ref="N10519" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1063E" part="chapter2" ref="N1063E" type="block">2.2.6.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10650" part="chapter2" ref="N10650" type="pagenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10654" part="chapter2" ref="N10654" type="mm">567#227</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10665" part="chapter2" ref="N10665" type="block">2.2.6.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10677" part="chapter2" ref="N10677" type="pagenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1067E" part="chapter2" ref="N1067E" type="mm">567#387</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1068F" part="chapter2" ref="N1068F" type="block">2.2.6.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1069D" part="chapter2" ref="N1069D" type="pagenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106A4" part="chapter2" ref="N106A4" type="mm">567#348</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106B5" part="chapter2" ref="N106B5" type="block">2.2.6.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106B9" part="chapter2" ref="N106B9" type="pagenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106CB" part="chapter2" ref="N106CB" type="mm">567#387</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106DE" part="chapter2" ref="N106DE" type="section">2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106E2" part="chapter2" ref="N106E2" type="pagenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106E7" part="chapter2" ref="N106E7" type="subsection">2.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106F2" part="chapter2" ref="N106F2" type="block">2.3.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106FA" part="chapter2" ref="N106FA" type="subblock">2.3.1.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10716" part="chapter2" ref="N10716" type="pagenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10725" part="chapter2" ref="N10725" type="mm">565#446</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10732" part="chapter2" ref="N10732" type="subblock">2.3.1.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10736" part="chapter2" ref="N10736" type="pagenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1074B" part="chapter2" ref="N1074B" type="block">2.3.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10750" part="chapter2" ref="N10750" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10763" part="chapter2" ref="N10763" type="pagenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10769" part="chapter2" ref="N10769" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10782" part="chapter2" ref="N10782" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10792" part="chapter2" ref="N10792" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10796" part="chapter2" ref="N10796" type="pagenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107AC" part="chapter2" ref="N107AC" type="mm">566#280</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107BA" part="chapter2" ref="N107BA" type="pagenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107BE" part="chapter2" ref="N107BE" type="mm">566#259</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107D2" part="chapter2" ref="N107D2" type="mm">567#156</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107DF" part="chapter2" ref="N107DF" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107F6" part="chapter2" ref="N107F6" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107FA" part="chapter2" ref="N107FA" type="pagenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10807" part="chapter2" ref="N10807" type="subblock">2.3.1.2.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10812" part="chapter2" ref="N10812" type="pagenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10834" part="chapter2" ref="N10834" type="pagenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10838" part="chapter2" ref="N10838" type="mm">598#361</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10847" part="chapter2" ref="N10847" type="subsection">2.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1084F" part="chapter2" ref="N1084F" type="block">2.3.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10853" part="chapter2" ref="N10853" type="pagenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10871" part="chapter2" ref="N10871" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10878" part="chapter2" ref="N10878" type="pagenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109D2" part="chapter2" ref="N109D2" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109DF" part="chapter2" ref="N109DF" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109EC" part="chapter2" ref="N109EC" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109F9" part="chapter2" ref="N109F9" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A42" part="chapter2" ref="N10A42" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A46" part="chapter2" ref="N10A46" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A53" part="chapter2" ref="N10A53" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A57" part="chapter2" ref="N10A57" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A64" part="chapter2" ref="N10A64" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A68" part="chapter2" ref="N10A68" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A75" part="chapter2" ref="N10A75" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A79" part="chapter2" ref="N10A79" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A85" part="chapter2" ref="N10A85" type="block">2.3.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A8C" part="chapter2" ref="N10A8C" type="pagenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AA1" part="chapter2" ref="N10AA1" type="pagenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AA5" part="chapter2" ref="N10AA5" type="mm">422#269</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ABD" part="chapter2" ref="N10ABD" type="block">2.3.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AC1" part="chapter2" ref="N10AC1" type="pagenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ACB" part="chapter2" ref="N10ACB" type="mm">379#370</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AD9" part="chapter2" ref="N10AD9" type="pagenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10AF6" part="chapter2" ref="N10AF6" type="block">2.3.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B12" part="chapter2" ref="N10B12" type="subblock">2.3.2.4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B19" part="chapter2" ref="N10B19" type="pagenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B1D" part="chapter2" ref="N10B1D" type="mm">147#19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B28" part="chapter2" ref="N10B28" type="block">2.3.2.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B30" part="chapter2" ref="N10B30" type="subblock">2.3.2.5.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B49" part="chapter2" ref="N10B49" type="subblock">2.3.2.5.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B54" part="chapter2" ref="N10B54" type="pagenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B5E" part="chapter2" ref="N10B5E" type="subblock">2.3.2.5.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B6D" part="chapter2" ref="N10B6D" type="subsection">2.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B77" part="chapter2" ref="N10B77" type="section">2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B9A" part="chapter2" ref="N10B9A" type="pagenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BAB" part="chapter2" ref="N10BAB" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BAF" part="chapter2" ref="N10BAF" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BB7" part="chapter2" ref="N10BB7" type="subsection">2.4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BD8" part="chapter2" ref="N10BD8" type="pagenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BF6" part="chapter2" ref="N10BF6" type="subsection">2.4.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10BFF" part="chapter2" ref="N10BFF" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C0D" part="chapter2" ref="N10C0D" type="pagenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C1C" part="chapter2" ref="N10C1C" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C2C" part="chapter3" ref="N10C2C" type="section">3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C35" part="chapter3" ref="N10C35" type="section">3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C3A" part="chapter3" ref="N10C3A" type="subsection">3.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C41" part="chapter3" ref="N10C41" type="pagenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C47" part="chapter3" ref="N10C47" type="subsection">3.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C50" part="chapter3" ref="N10C50" type="subsection">3.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C59" part="chapter3" ref="N10C59" type="subsection">3.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C62" part="chapter3" ref="N10C62" type="subsection">3.2.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C66" part="chapter3" ref="N10C66" type="pagenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK1" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK1" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10C73" part="chapter3" ref="N10C73" type="pagenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C77" part="chapter3" ref="N10C77" type="mm">388#436</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C85" part="chapter3" ref="N10C85" type="pagenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C89" part="chapter3" ref="N10C89" type="mm">547#278</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C96" part="chapter3" ref="N10C96" type="subsection">3.2.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK6" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK6" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10CA3" part="chapter3" ref="N10CA3" type="pagenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CAD" part="chapter3" ref="N10CAD" type="pagenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CB1" part="chapter3" ref="N10CB1" type="mm">566#491</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CBF" part="chapter3" ref="N10CBF" type="pagenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CC5" part="chapter3" ref="N10CC5" type="subsection">3.2.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CD6" part="chapter3" ref="N10CD6" type="section">3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CDB" part="chapter3" ref="N10CDB" type="subsection">3.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CE4" part="chapter3" ref="N10CE4" type="subsection">3.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CED" part="chapter3" ref="N10CED" type="subsection">3.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CF4" part="chapter3" ref="N10CF4" type="pagenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CFB" part="chapter3" ref="N10CFB" type="pagenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D02" part="chapter3" ref="N10D02" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10F09" part="chapter3" ref="N10F09" type="pagenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F0D" part="chapter3" ref="N10F0D" type="mm">570#295</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F1B" part="chapter3" ref="N10F1B" type="mm">569#198</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F28" part="chapter3" ref="N10F28" type="subsection">3.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F2C" part="chapter3" ref="N10F2C" type="pagenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F36" part="chapter3" ref="N10F36" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11106" part="chapter3" ref="N11106" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1110D" part="chapter3" ref="N1110D" type="pagenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112BE" part="chapter3" ref="N112BE" type="subsection">3.3.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112C2" part="chapter3" ref="N112C2" type="pagenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112CC" part="chapter3" ref="N112CC" type="pagenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112D3" part="chapter3" ref="N112D3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1150A" part="chapter3" ref="N1150A" type="pagenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1150E" part="chapter3" ref="N1150E" type="mm">567#291</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1151C" part="chapter3" ref="N1151C" type="mm">547#291</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11529" part="chapter3" ref="N11529" type="subsection">3.3.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1152D" part="chapter3" ref="N1152D" type="pagenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11536" part="chapter3" ref="N11536" type="subsection">3.3.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11561" part="chapter3" ref="N11561" type="pagenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11565" part="chapter3" ref="N11565" type="mm">211#27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1156F" part="chapter3" ref="N1156F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11688" part="chapter3" ref="N11688" type="subsection">3.3.8.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11698" part="chapter4" ref="N11698" type="section">4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1169D" part="chapter4" ref="N1169D" type="subsection">4.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116A4" part="chapter4" ref="N116A4" type="pagenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116AB" part="chapter4" ref="N116AB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N117FE" part="chapter4" ref="N117FE" type="pagenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11802" part="chapter4" ref="N11802" type="mm">587#441</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1180F" part="chapter4" ref="N1180F" type="subsection">4.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11814" part="chapter4" ref="N11814" type="block">4.1.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1181B" part="chapter4" ref="N1181B" type="pagenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11822" part="chapter4" ref="N11822" type="table"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK8" part="chapter4" ref="OLE_LINK8" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1192A" part="chapter4" ref="N1192A" type="mm">415#392</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11938" part="chapter4" ref="N11938" type="pagenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1193C" part="chapter4" ref="N1193C" type="mm">570#590</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1194C" part="chapter4" ref="N1194C" type="block">4.1.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11950" part="chapter4" ref="N11950" type="pagenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1195A" part="chapter4" ref="N1195A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11A5F" part="chapter4" ref="N11A5F" type="pagenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A63" part="chapter4" ref="N11A63" type="mm">609#495</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A70" part="chapter4" ref="N11A70" type="block">4.1.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A77" part="chapter4" ref="N11A77" type="pagenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A7E" part="chapter4" ref="N11A7E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11B82" part="chapter4" ref="N11B82" type="block">4.1.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B8C" part="chapter4" ref="N11B8C" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11C91" part="chapter4" ref="N11C91" type="pagenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C95" part="chapter4" ref="N11C95" type="mm">563#455</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CA3" part="chapter4" ref="N11CA3" type="pagenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CA7" part="chapter4" ref="N11CA7" type="mm">552#437</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CB6" part="chapter4" ref="N11CB6" type="section">4.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CBA" part="chapter4" ref="N11CBA" type="pagenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CBF" part="chapter4" ref="N11CBF" type="subsection">4.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CC9" part="chapter4" ref="N11CC9" type="mm">622#475</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CD4" part="chapter4" ref="N11CD4" type="pagenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CD8" part="chapter4" ref="N11CD8" type="mm">622#458</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK9" part="chapter4" ref="OLE_LINK9" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11CEE" part="chapter4" ref="N11CEE" type="pagenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CF2" part="chapter4" ref="N11CF2" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N11CF9" part="chapter4" ref="N11CF9" type="pagenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CFD" part="chapter4" ref="N11CFD" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N11D06" part="chapter4" ref="N11D06" type="subsection">4.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D0A" part="chapter4" ref="N11D0A" type="pagenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D14" part="chapter4" ref="N11D14" type="table"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK10" part="chapter4" ref="OLE_LINK10" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F14" part="chapter4" ref="N11F14" type="subsection">4.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F1E" part="chapter4" ref="N11F1E" type="pagenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F22" part="chapter4" ref="N11F22" type="mm">360#693</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F35" part="chapter5" ref="N11F35" type="pagenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F3D" part="chapter5" ref="N11F3D" type="section">5.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F6D" part="chapter5" ref="N11F6D" type="pagenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F7A" part="chapter5" ref="N11F7A" type="pagenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F92" part="chapter5" ref="N11F92" type="pagenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FBE" part="chapter5" ref="N11FBE" type="section">5.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FC2" part="chapter5" ref="N11FC2" type="pagenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FE0" part="chapter5" ref="N11FE0" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FE7" part="chapter5" ref="N11FE7" type="pagenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FF2" part="chapter5" ref="N11FF2" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FF6" part="chapter5" ref="N11FF6" type="mm">12#13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1202F" part="chapter5" ref="N1202F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12036" part="chapter5" ref="N12036" type="pagenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1224E" part="chapter5" ref="N1224E" type="pagenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter6" part="chapter6" 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				Eidesstattliche Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CDC" part="N12CD8" ref="N12CDC" type="pagenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CE7" part="N12CE7" ref="N12CE7" type="acknowledgement">
				Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CEB" part="N12CE7" ref="N12CEB" type="pagenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus dem Deutschem Herzzentrum Berlin<br/>Innere Medizin-Kardiologie<br/>
		</school><submission>Dissertation</submission><title>Optimierung der koronaren Plaquedarstellung in der Magnetresonanztomographie</title><degree>Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité<br/>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</major><author>von<br/>
			<given>Steffen </given>
			<surname>Huber</surname>
			<br/>
			<suffix>aus Lich</suffix>
		</author><dean>Prof. Dr. Joachim W. Dudenhausen<br/>Prof. Dr. med. Martin Paul</dean><approvals>
			<name>Prof. Dr. Eckard Fleck</name>
			<name>Prof. Matthias Stuber</name>
			<name>PD Dr. Joerg Barkhausen</name>
		</approvals><date>Datum der Promotion:21.01.2005</date><abstract lang="en">
			<head>Abstract</head>
			<p>The main cause of the acute coronary syndrome is plaque rupture. The aim of the study was to optimize magnetic resonance coronary plaque imaging. To achieve this goal tow specific problems of coronary plaque imaging were investigated. First the heart motion during breathing and second the high spatial resolution, which is necessary to display coronary plaque.</p>
			<p>The prospective navigator gating technique is used in cardiac magnetic resonance to suppress respiratory motion of the heart. The respiratory heart motion is corrected on the basis of the feed to head motion of the diaphragm. Different patient position were tested to suppress the anterior posterior breathing motion of the heart, because this motion component can not be corrected for. The motion measurements were done with navigators.</p>
			<p>High spatial resolutions result in a low signal. The spiral technique acquires theoretical more signal than standard techniques. Plaque imaging of the carotid arteries and the coronary arteries were done in spiral and in standard technique. The signal to noise were compared for both techniques. </p>
			<p>The results of the motion measurements of the heart were: the supine position should be preferred in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. </p>
			<p>The spiral technique in the carotid arteries had a significant higher signal to noise ration compared to the standard technique. Coronary plaque imaging was only possible in spiral technique, with a resolution of 0.273 times 0.273mm and slice thickness of 0.2mm. </p>
		</abstract><keywords lang="en">
			<keyword>magnetic resonance imaging</keyword>
			<keyword>plaque</keyword>
			<keyword>heart</keyword>
			<keyword>navigator</keyword>
			<keyword>spiral technique</keyword>
			<keyword>coronary artery</keyword>
		</keywords><abstract lang="en">
			<head>Zusammenfassung</head>
			<p>Die Plaqueruptur in der Koronararterie ist nach heutiger Vorstellung Ursache des akute Koronarsyndrom. Ziel der Arbeit war die Optimierung der koronaren Plaquedarstellung in der Magnetresonanztomographie. Um dieses Ziel zu erreichen, wurden zwei spezifische Probleme der koronaren Plaquedarstellung bearbeitet: Erstens die ateminduzierte Herzbewegung und zweitens die hohe Auflösung, die erforderlich ist, um Plaques in den Koronarien darstellen zu können.</p>
			<p>Die prospektive Navigator-Gating-Technik wird eingesetzt, um ateminduzierte Artefakte der Herzbewegungen zu korrigieren. Die Herzbewegung wird dabei anhand der craniocaudalen Bewegung des Diaphragmas korrigiert. Durch Unterschiedliche Lagerung des Probanden wurde versucht, die Bewegung des Herzens während der Atmung zu minimieren und die anteroposteriore Komponente der Atmung, die nicht korrigiert werden kann, zu unterdrücken. Die Bewegungsmessungen wurden mit Navigatoren durchgeführt. </p>
			<p>Die extrem hohen Auflösungen die für eine Plaquedarstellung erforderlich sind erzeugen, durch das geringe Volumen was pro Voxel angeregt wird, sehr wenig Signal. Durch den Einsatz der Spiral-Technik kann theoretisch mehr Signal erzeugt werden. Es wurden Plaquedarstellung der Karotiden und der Koronarien in konventioneller Technik und in Spiral -Technik durchgeführt und das Signal und Kontrast zu Rauschverhältnis verglichen. </p>
			<p>Das Ergebnis der Bewegungsmessung des Herzens war, dass die Rückenlage die beste Lagerungsmethode für die prospektive Navigator-Gating-Technik ist. </p>
			<p>Die Plaquedarstellung in den Karotiden zeigte ein statistisch signifikant höheres Signal und Kontrast zu Rauschverhältnis in Spiral-Technik als in konventioneller Technik. Eine Plaquedarstellung in den Koronarien war mit einer Auflösung von 0,273mm mal 0,273mm bei einer Schichtdicke von 0,2mm nur in Spiraltechnik möglich.</p>
		</abstract><keywords lang="de">
			<keyword>Magnetresonanztomographie</keyword>
			<keyword>Plaque</keyword>
			<keyword>Herz</keyword>
			<keyword>Navigator</keyword>
			<keyword>Spiral-Technik</keyword>
			<keyword>Koronararterie </keyword>
		</keywords><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1.</link> Inhaltsverzeichnis</p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2.</link> 
				Einleitung und technische Grundlagen <ul><li><p><link ref="N100D9">2.1.</link> Bewegungen des Herzens<ul><li><p><link ref="N100E9">2.1.1.</link> Herzschlag</p></li><li><p><link ref="N100F5">2.1.2.</link> Atembewegung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1010F">2.2.</link> Atherosklerose<ul><li><p><link ref="N10114">2.2.1.</link> Definition</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10121">2.2.2.</link> Risikofaktoren</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10136">2.2.3.</link> Einteilung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102D5">2.2.4.</link> 
						Pathogenese </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10380">2.2.5.</link> 
						Risiko und klinische Relevanz <ul><li><p><link ref="N10389">2.2.5.1.</link> Atherosklerose in den Koronarien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N104C0">2.2.5.2.</link> Atherosklerose in den Carotiden</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104DD">2.2.6.</link> Das Erscheinungsbild atherosklerotischer Plaques in der MRT<ul><li><p><link ref="N1063E">2.2.6.1.</link> Fibrotische Kappe </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10665">2.2.6.2.</link> Plaque Hämorrhagien </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1068F">2.2.6.3.</link> Lipidreicher, nekrotischer Kern </p></li><li><p><link ref="N106B5">2.2.6.4.</link> 
							Kalzium</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N106DE">2.3.</link> 
					Technische Grundlagen<ul><li><p><link ref="N106E7">2.3.1.</link> Bewegungsunterdrückung / -korrektur <ul><li><p><link ref="N106F2">2.3.1.1.</link> Herzschlag<ul><li><p><link ref="N106FA">2.3.1.1.1.</link> Prospektives Triggering</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10732">2.3.1.1.2.</link> 
								Retrospektives Gating</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1074B">2.3.1.2.</link> Ateminduzierter Bewegungen<ul><li><p><link ref="N10750">2.3.1.2.1.</link> Atemstopp </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10769">2.3.1.2.2.</link> Atemsensor</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10782">2.3.1.2.3.</link> Navigator Technik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10792">2.3.1.2.4.</link> 
								Physikalisches Prinzip</p></li><li><p><link ref="N107DF">2.3.1.2.5.</link> Anwendungen (Korrektur und Gating)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N107F6">2.3.1.2.6.</link> 
								Retrospektive Navigator-Gating-Technik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10807">2.3.1.2.7.</link> Prospektive Navigator-Gating-Technike</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10847">2.3.2.</link> Atherosklerose-Darstellung in der MRT<ul><li><p><link ref="N1084F">2.3.2.1.</link> 
							Atherosklerose-Darstellung ohne Kontrastmittel</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A85">2.3.2.2.</link> Schwarz-Blut-Technik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10ABD">2.3.2.3.</link> 
							Spiraltechnik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AF6">2.3.2.4.</link> Weiß-Blut-Technik<ul><li><p><link ref="N10B12">2.3.2.4.1.</link> "Time-of-Flight" </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B28">2.3.2.5.</link> Atherosklerose-Darstellung mit Kontrastmitteln<ul><li><p><link ref="N10B30">2.3.2.5.1.</link> Unspezifische extrazelluläre Kontrastmittel </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B49">2.3.2.5.2.</link> Ultrakleine paramagnetische Eisenoxidpartikel </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B5E">2.3.2.5.3.</link> Fibrinspezifisches Kontrastmittel </p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B6D">2.3.3.</link> Drei Punkt Plan Scan</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B77">2.4.</link> Herleitung der Fragestellung / Aufgabenstellung<ul><li><p><link ref="N10BB7">2.4.1.</link> 
						<strong>Optimierung des respiratorischen Korrekturverfahrens</strong>
					</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10BF6">2.4.2.</link> Optimierung der Plaquedarstellung</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3.</link> Material und Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N10C2C">3.1.</link> Allgemeiner Ablauf</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C35">3.2.</link> Erster Abschnitt: Bewegungsmessung mit der Navigatortechnik<ul><li><p><link ref="N10C3A">3.2.1.</link> Probanden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C47">3.2.2.</link> Magnetresonanztomographie </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C50">3.2.3.</link> Navigatoren</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C59">3.2.4.</link> Positionierung und Fixierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C62">3.2.5.</link> 
						Planung der Messung </p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C96">3.2.6.</link> Analyse</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CC5">3.2.7.</link> Statistik</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CD6">3.3.</link> Zweiter Abschnitt: Plaquedarstellung in den Karotiden und den Koronarien<ul><li><p><link ref="N10CDB">3.3.1.</link> Patienten und Probanden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CE4">3.3.2.</link> Magnetresonanztomographie</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CED">3.3.3.</link> Planung der Plaquedarstellung in Karotiden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F28">3.3.4.</link> 
						Plaquedarstellung in den Karotiden</p></li><li><p><link ref="N112BE">3.3.5.</link> 
						Planung der Plaquedarstellung in den Koronararterien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11529">3.3.6.</link> 
						Plaquedarstellung in den Koronararterien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11536">3.3.7.</link> Analyse</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11688">3.3.8.</link> Statistik</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4.</link> Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N11698">4.1.</link> Erster Abschnitt: Navigator Messung<ul><li><p><link ref="N1169D">4.1.1.</link> Einfluss verschiedener Lagerungsarten auf die endexspiratorische Lage und die endexspiratorische Dauer </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1180F">4.1.2.</link> Einfluss verschiedener Lagerungsarten auf die Herzpositionen während der Atmung<ul><li><p><link ref="N11814">4.1.2.1.</link> Craniocaudale Bewegungskomponenten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1194C">4.1.2.2.</link> 
							Beziehung zwischen Thoraxposition in anteriorposteriorer Richtung im Verhältnis zur Diaphragmaposition in craniocaudaler Richtung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A70">4.1.2.3.</link> Beziehung zwischen Herzposition in anteriorposteriorer Richtung und Diaphragmaposition in craniocaudaler Richtung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B82">4.1.2.4.</link> Beziehung zwischen Herzposition in anteriorposteriorer Richtung und Herzposition in craniocaudaler Richtung</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CB6">4.2.</link> 
					Zweiter Abschnitt: Plaquedarstellung <ul><li><p><link ref="N11CBF">4.2.1.</link> Plaquedarstellung in der Arteria carotis</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D06">4.2.2.</link> 
						Signal-Rausch-Verhältnis und Kontrast-Rausch-Verhältnis </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F14">4.2.3.</link> Plaquedarstellung in den Arteriae coronariae</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5.</link> 
				Diskussion <ul><li><p><link ref="N11F3D">5.1.</link> Erster Abschnitt: Optimierung des respiratorischen Korrekturverfahrens durch unterschiedliche Lagerungspositionen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FBE">5.2.</link> 
					Zweiter Abschnitt: Anwendung der Spiral Technik zur Plaquedarstellung und Charakterisierung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter6">6.</link> 
				Zusammenfassung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N122B6">
				Literatur</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CD8">
				Eidesstattliche Erklärung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CE7">
				Danksagung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N103D7">
									Tabelle 1: Histomorphologische Charakteristika vulnerabler Plaques in den Koronarien</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10519">Tabelle 2: Signalstärke der Hauptkomponenten von atherosklerotischen Plaques in den Karotiden, relativ zu der Signalstärke des Musculus sternocleidomastoideus.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10871">
									Tabelle 3: Bildparameter der Sequenzen, die zur Plaquedifferenzierung in den Karotiden eingesetzt werden nach <em>Yuan</em> [31]</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D02">Tabelle 4: Parameter der Sequenzen zur Planung der Plaquedarstellung der Karotiden</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F36">Tabelle 5: Parameter der Sequenzen zur Plaquedifferenzierung in den Karotiden und Koronarien I</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11106">
								Tabelle 6: Parameter der Sequenzen zur Plaquedifferenzierung in den Karotiden und den Koronarien II</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N112D3">Tabelle 7: Parameter der Sequenzen zur Planung der Plaquedifferenzierung der Koronararterien</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1156F">Tabelle 8: Relative Signalintensitäten</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N116AB">Tabelle 9: Endexspiratorische Dauer (EED) und endexspiratorische Lage (EEL) </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11822">Tabelle 10: Regressionsgraden der Herzpositionen in CC Richtung aufgetragen gegen die Diaphragmaposition in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1195A">Tabelle 11: Regressionsgrade der Thoraxposition in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen die Diaphragmaposition in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A7E">Tabelle 12: Regressionsgrade der Herzposition in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen die Diaphragmaposition in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11B8C">Tabelle 13: Regressionsgrade der Herzposition in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen die Herzpositionen in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D14">Tabelle 14: Vergleich des SNR und CNR der T1, T2 und Protonen-Wichtung mit der Spiral-Technik </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1202F">
							Tabelle 15: Räumliche Auflösungen in Arbeiten über Plaquedarstellung in den Koronarien </link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10301">Abbildung 1: Atherosklerotischer Plaque vom Typ I nach AHA</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10317">Abbildung 2: Atherosklerotischer Plaque vom Typ II nach AHA </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10347">Abbildung 3: Atherosklerotischer Plaque vom Typ V nach AHA </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10368">Abbildung 4: Atherosklerotischer Plaque vom Typ VI nach AHA</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10654">Abbildung 5: Fibrotische Kappe</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1067E">Abbildung 6: Hämorrhagischer Plaque </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N106A4">Abbildung 7: Lipidreicher, nekrotischer Kern </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N106CB">Abbildung 8: Kalzifikation </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10725">Abbildung 9: Prospektives Triggering</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N107AC">Abbildung 10:Navigatorecho, erzeugt durch Kreuzung zweier orthogonaler schichtselektiver Hochfrequenz-Impulse</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N107BE">Abbildung 11: Navigatorecho, erzeugt durch einen zweidimensionalen Hochfrequenz Impuls</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N107D2">Abbildung 12: Navigatorecho in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10838">Abbildung 13: Prospektive Navigator Gating Technik</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10AA5">Abbildung 14: Schwarz-Blut-Technik</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10ACB">Abbildung 15: Auslesung des K-Raums in Spiraltechnik</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C77">Abbildung 16: Position der Navigatoren</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C89">Abbildung 17: Ausschnitt einer Navigatormessung </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CB1">Abbildung 18: Darstellung der endexspiratorischen Lage und der endexspiratorischen Dauer für drei Atemzyklen</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F0D">Abbildung 19: Phasenkontrast-Angiographie</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F1B">Abbildung 20: "Time of Flight"-Angiographie</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1150E">Abbildung 21: Zweikammer-Cine-Sequenz und Gradienten-Echo-Sequenz der rechten Koronarie</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1151C">Abbildung 22: Längsdarstellung der rechten Koronarie</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11802">Abbildung 23: Boxplot der Standardabweichung der endexspiratorischen Positionen in verschiedenen Lagerungsarten</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1192A">Abbildung 24: Relative Bewegung des Diaphragmas in craniocaudaler Richtung im Verhältnis zur craniocaudalen Bewegung des Herzens eines Probanden</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1193C">Abbildung 25: Boxplot der Steigungen der Regressionsgraden, Herzposition in CC Richtung aufgetragen gegen Diaphragmaposition in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A63">Abbildung 26: Boxplot der Steigungen der Regressionsgraden, Thoraxpositionen in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen Diaphragmapositionen in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C95">Abbildung 27: Boxplot der Steigungen der Regressionsgraden, Herzposition in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen die Herzpositionen in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CA7">Abbildung 28: Boxplot der r²-Werte der Regressionsgraden, Herzposition in AP Richtung aufgetragen gegen Herzpositionen in CC Richtung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CC9">Abbildung 29: Plaquedarstellung in Sprial-Technik und Protonen-Wichtung der Arteria carotis </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CF2">Abbildung 30:Plaquedarstellung der Arteria carotis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F22">Abbildung 31: Koronarogramm und Plaquedarstellung in Spiral Technik eines Patienten </link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>