<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry id="front" part="front" ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Einfluss des Pneumoperitoneums auf die Ultrastruktur des Peritoneums:Eine rasterelektronenmikroskopische Studie.</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Jens  Jakob</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23086603" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23086603" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100BF" part="chapter1" ref="N100BF" type="pagenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100C4" part="chapter1" ref="N100C4" type="section">1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100C9" part="chapter1" ref="N100C9" type="subsection">1.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E1" part="chapter1" ref="N100E1" type="pagenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100EF" part="chapter1" ref="N100EF" type="subsection">1.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1010E" part="chapter1" ref="N1010E" type="pagenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1012A" part="chapter1" ref="N1012A" type="subsection">1.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23168110" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23168110" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref24818286" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref24818286" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10137" part="chapter1" ref="N10137" type="pagenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10175" part="chapter1" ref="N10175" type="pagenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10197" part="chapter1" ref="N10197" type="pagenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101D8" part="chapter1" ref="N101D8" type="pagenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101DE" part="chapter1" ref="N101DE" type="subsection">1.1.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29389266" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref29389266" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10215" part="chapter1" ref="N10215" type="pagenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1024A" part="chapter1" ref="N1024A" type="pagenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10258" part="chapter1" ref="N10258" type="section">1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1025D" part="chapter1" ref="N1025D" type="subsection">1.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23168022" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23168022" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10285" part="chapter1" ref="N10285" type="pagenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102D0" part="chapter1" ref="N102D0" type="subsection">1.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref27412220" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref27412220" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref29800293" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref29800293" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref29803664" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref29803664" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102DD" part="chapter1" ref="N102DD" type="pagenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118136028" part="chapter1" ref="_1118136028" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118137579" part="chapter1" ref="_1118137579" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118154004" part="chapter1" ref="_1118154004" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118483809" part="chapter1" ref="_1118483809" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1120656062" part="chapter1" ref="_1120656062" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1121151345" part="chapter1" ref="_1121151345" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1121151640" part="chapter1" ref="_1121151640" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262562" part="chapter1" ref="_1150262562" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1030B" part="chapter1" ref="N1030B" type="mm">482#356</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref44395735" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref44395735" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10319" part="chapter1" ref="N10319" type="pagenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1033B" part="chapter1" ref="N1033B" type="pagenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10362" part="chapter1" ref="N10362" type="pagenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10399" part="chapter1" ref="N10399" type="pagenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D1" part="chapter1" ref="N103D1" type="pagenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103F4" part="chapter1" ref="N103F4" type="section">1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103F9" part="chapter1" ref="N103F9" type="subsection">1.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23165698" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23165698" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1040A" part="chapter1" ref="N1040A" type="pagenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10428" part="chapter1" ref="N10428" type="pagenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10436" part="chapter1" ref="N10436" type="subsection">1.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23167349" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23167349" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10456" part="chapter1" ref="N10456" type="pagenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1049D" part="chapter1" ref="N1049D" type="pagenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118137751" part="chapter1" ref="_1118137751" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118138632" part="chapter1" ref="_1118138632" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118483879" part="chapter1" ref="_1118483879" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1121151264" part="chapter1" ref="_1121151264" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1121151642" part="chapter1" ref="_1121151642" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1149954981" part="chapter1" ref="_1149954981" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262564" part="chapter1" ref="_1150262564" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104C5" part="chapter1" ref="N104C5" type="mm">533#281</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104CF" part="chapter1" ref="N104CF" type="subsection">1.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23170856" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref23170856" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref25312427" part="chapter1" ref="_Ref25312427" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104E3" part="chapter1" ref="N104E3" type="pagenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10509" part="chapter1" ref="N10509" type="pagenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1052A" part="chapter2" ref="N1052A" type="pagenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1054B" part="chapter2" ref="N1054B" type="pagenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10599" part="chapter2" ref="N10599" type="pagenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118138854" part="chapter2" ref="_1118138854" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118484120" part="chapter2" ref="_1118484120" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262565" part="chapter2" ref="_1150262565" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105AC" part="chapter2" ref="N105AC" type="mm">492#267</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E0" part="chapter3" ref="N105E0" type="pagenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E5" part="chapter3" ref="N105E5" type="section">3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105EA" part="chapter3" ref="N105EA" type="subsection">3.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23086696" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23086696" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10613" part="chapter3" ref="N10613" type="pagenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1061F" part="chapter3" ref="N1061F" type="subsection">3.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10636" part="chapter3" ref="N10636" type="pagenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118139721" part="chapter3" ref="_1118139721" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118143461" part="chapter3" ref="_1118143461" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118144011" part="chapter3" ref="_1118144011" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118150882" part="chapter3" ref="_1118150882" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118484260" part="chapter3" ref="_1118484260" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118486068" part="chapter3" ref="_1118486068" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1121150226" part="chapter3" ref="_1121150226" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262567" part="chapter3" ref="_1150262567" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10652" part="chapter3" ref="N10652" type="mm">565#580</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref44412052" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref44412052" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1065F" part="chapter3" ref="N1065F" type="subsection">3.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10672" part="chapter3" ref="N10672" type="pagenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1067B" part="chapter3" ref="N1067B" type="subsection">3.1.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23173422" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23173422" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106A0" part="chapter3" ref="N106A0" type="pagenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106A7" part="chapter3" ref="N106A7" type="section">3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106AC" part="chapter3" ref="N106AC" type="subsection">3.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106BD" part="chapter3" ref="N106BD" type="pagenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106C7" part="chapter3" ref="N106C7" type="subsection">3.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23173340" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23173340" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106ED" part="chapter3" ref="N106ED" type="pagenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10703" part="chapter3" ref="N10703" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Ref23429759" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23429759" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N107FC" part="chapter3" ref="N107FC" type="subsection">3.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23173386" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23173386" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10803" part="chapter3" ref="N10803" type="pagenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10822" part="chapter3" ref="N10822" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Ref44468037" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref44468037" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1082C" part="chapter3" ref="N1082C" type="pagenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10897" part="chapter3" ref="N10897" type="section">3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23432574" part="chapter3" ref="_Ref23432574" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108B7" part="chapter3" ref="N108B7" type="pagenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D6" part="chapter4" ref="N108D6" type="pagenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108DB" part="chapter4" ref="N108DB" type="section">4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303386" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303386" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118155654" part="chapter4" ref="_1118155654" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108EB" part="chapter4" ref="N108EB" type="mm">557#446</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108F5" part="chapter4" ref="N108F5" type="section">4.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29302865" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29302865" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108FC" part="chapter4" ref="N108FC" type="pagenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118156900" part="chapter4" ref="_1118156900" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118157443" part="chapter4" ref="_1118157443" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1090C" part="chapter4" ref="N1090C" type="mm">564#456</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10917" part="chapter4" ref="N10917" type="pagenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1091D" part="chapter4" ref="N1091D" type="section">4.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10922" part="chapter4" ref="N10922" type="subsection">4.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303287" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303287" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118157969" part="chapter4" ref="_1118157969" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118213096" part="chapter4" ref="_1118213096" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10938" part="chapter4" ref="N10938" type="mm">567#466</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10943" part="chapter4" ref="N10943" type="pagenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10949" part="chapter4" ref="N10949" type="subsection">4.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118212603" part="chapter4" ref="_1118212603" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118213426" part="chapter4" ref="_1118213426" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1095C" part="chapter4" ref="N1095C" type="mm">562#465</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10967" part="chapter4" ref="N10967" type="pagenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1096D" part="chapter4" ref="N1096D" type="subsection">4.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29302774" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29302774" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref44384712" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref44384712" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref44384773" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref44384773" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118213526" part="chapter4" ref="_1118213526" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118213954" part="chapter4" ref="_1118213954" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10986" part="chapter4" ref="N10986" type="mm">563#465</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10991" part="chapter4" ref="N10991" type="pagenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10997" part="chapter4" ref="N10997" type="subsection">4.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303095" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303095" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref29303305" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303305" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118214565" part="chapter4" ref="_1118214565" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262568" part="chapter4" ref="_1150262568" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N109AD" part="chapter4" ref="N109AD" type="mm">566#456</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109B8" part="chapter4" ref="N109B8" type="pagenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109BE" part="chapter4" ref="N109BE" type="subsection">4.3.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303245" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303245" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118214976" part="chapter4" ref="_1118214976" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N109CE" part="chapter4" ref="N109CE" type="mm">566#238</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109D8" part="chapter4" ref="N109D8" type="subsection">4.3.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303191" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303191" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118215304" part="chapter4" ref="_1118215304" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N109E8" part="chapter4" ref="N109E8" type="mm">566#238</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109F3" part="chapter4" ref="N109F3" type="pagenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109F9" part="chapter4" ref="N109F9" type="subsection">4.3.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303218" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref29303218" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118215838" part="chapter4" ref="_1118215838" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262570" part="chapter4" ref="_1150262570" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10A0C" part="chapter4" ref="N10A0C" type="mm">559#465</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A16" part="chapter4" ref="N10A16" type="subsection">4.3.8.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref23432990" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref23432990" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10A1D" part="chapter4" ref="N10A1D" type="pagenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1118216206" part="chapter4" ref="_1118216206" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118216466" part="chapter4" ref="_1118216466" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118216703" part="chapter4" ref="_1118216703" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1118217166" part="chapter4" ref="_1118217166" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1150262572" part="chapter4" ref="_1150262572" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10A36" part="chapter4" ref="N10A36" type="mm">554#654</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A41" part="chapter4" ref="N10A41" type="section">4.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A45" part="chapter4" ref="N10A45" type="pagenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A53" part="chapter4" ref="N10A53" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Ref23481804" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref23481804" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D58" part="chapter4" ref="N10D58" type="section">4.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D5C" part="chapter4" ref="N10D5C" type="pagenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D66" part="chapter4" ref="N10D66" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E48" part="chapter4" ref="N10E48" type="section">4.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E4C" part="chapter4" ref="N10E4C" type="pagenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E56" part="chapter4" ref="N10E56" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10F33" part="chapter4" ref="N10F33" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11016" part="chapter4" ref="N11016" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1101D" part="chapter4" ref="N1101D" type="pagenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N110FD" part="chapter4" ref="N110FD" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N111DA" part="chapter4" ref="N111DA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N111E1" part="chapter4" ref="N111E1" type="pagenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112BD" part="chapter4" ref="N112BD" type="section">4.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112C7" part="chapter4" ref="N112C7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N113A7" part="chapter4" ref="N113A7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N113AE" part="chapter4" ref="N113AE" type="pagenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1148E" part="chapter4" ref="N1148E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1156E" part="chapter4" ref="N1156E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11575" part="chapter4" ref="N11575" type="pagenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1164C" part="chapter4" ref="N1164C" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11728" part="chapter4" ref="N11728" type="section">4.8.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1172C" part="chapter4" ref="N1172C" type="pagenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1174E" part="chapter4" ref="N1174E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Ref23433837" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref23433837" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref23433845" part="chapter4" ref="_Ref23433845" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119C3" part="chapter5" ref="N119C3" type="pagenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N119C8" part="chapter5" ref="N119C8" type="section">5.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29303510" part="chapter5" ref="_Ref29303510" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N119D0" part="chapter5" ref="N119D0" type="subsection">5.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref24091153" part="chapter5" ref="_Ref24091153" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Ref29303113" part="chapter5" ref="_Ref29303113" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N119FE" part="chapter5" ref="N119FE" type="pagenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A22" part="chapter5" ref="N11A22" type="subsection">5.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A44" part="chapter5" ref="N11A44" type="pagenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A62" part="chapter5" ref="N11A62" type="subsection">5.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref44388697" part="chapter5" ref="_Ref44388697" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11A7F" part="chapter5" ref="N11A7F" type="pagenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AB0" part="chapter5" ref="N11AB0" type="pagenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ABA" part="chapter5" ref="N11ABA" type="section">5.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ABF" part="chapter5" ref="N11ABF" type="subsection">5.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Ref29809044" part="chapter5" ref="_Ref29809044" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11AD6" part="chapter5" ref="N11AD6" type="pagenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AF6" part="chapter5" ref="N11AF6" type="pagenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B18" part="chapter5" ref="N11B18" type="pagenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B4D" part="chapter5" ref="N11B4D" type="pagenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B76" part="chapter5" ref="N11B76" type="pagenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11B7F" part="chapter5" ref="N11B7F" type="subsection">5.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11BBE" part="chapter5" ref="N11BBE" type="pagenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="chapter6" type="chapter">6.</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N11BD8" type="pagenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N11BF4" type="pagenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11C09" part="N11C09" ref="N11C09" type="bibliography">
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				Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12B3C" part="N12B38" ref="N12B3C" type="pagenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry id=":contents" part="front" ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><chapter id="chapter6" label="6.">
			<head>
				<pagenumber id="N11BD8" label="81" numbering="arabic" start="81"/>Zusammenfassung</head>
			<p>In der kurzen Zeit seit ihrer Einführung hat sich die laparoskopische Chirurgie fest in der Abdominalchirurgie etabliert und wurde in ihrem Indikationsspektrum erheblich erweitert. Zunehmend werden laparoskopische Verfahren auch in der chirurgischen Therapie maligner Tumoren eingesetzt. Jedoch haben Berichte über die Entstehung von sogenannten Trokarmetastasen zu einer kontroversen Diskussion über die Indikation der Laparoskopie in der Tumorchirurgie geführt.</p>
			<p>Die Pathophysiologie von Trokarmetastasen und intraperitonealem Tumorwachstum ist noch nicht geklärt. Bisher wurden für diese Phänomene Eigenschaften der Operationsverfahren und instrumentelle Manipulation am Tumor verantwortlich gemacht. Grundsätzlich könnten auch ein erhöhter intraabdomineller Druck sowie das Insufflationsgas die Entstehung von Inzisionsmetastasen verursachen. Es gibt überdies Hinweise darauf, dass eine Kohlendioxidatmosphäre und ein erhöhter Umgebungsdruck eine direkte Wirkung auf Tumorzellen entfalten und deren intraperitoneale Proliferation, Adhäsion und Invasion begünstigen könnten. Im Rahmen der Laparoskopie könnten Insufflationsgas und &#8211;druck außerdem eine unmittelbare Schädigung des Bauchfells hervorrufen und so die Adhäsion und Einnistung von Tumorzellen erleichtern. </p>
			<p>Deshalb sollte in dieser Studie untersucht werden, ob der Aufbau eines Pneumoperitoneums mit den Insufflationsgasen CO<sub>2</sub> oder Helium zu morphologisch fassbaren entzündlichen Veränderungen des Mesothels des Peritoneums führt, die eine Entstehung von Metastasen fördern könnten. Weiterhin sollte geprüft werden, ob sich die Auswirkungen von CO<sub>2</sub> und Helium auf das Peritoneum unterscheiden. Dazu sollte die Struktur des Peritoneums der Ratte rasterelektronenmikroskopisch erforscht werden und die Hypothese überprüft werden, ob ein Pneumoperitoneum mit CO<sub>2</sub>/ Helium zu entzündlichen Veränderungen des Bauchfells führt.</p>
			<p>Für das Experiment wurden die Versuchstiere in eine Kontroll- (n=5), eine Helium- (n=25) und eine CO<sub>2</sub>-Gruppe (n=25) unterteilt. Anschließend wurde folgendes Vorgehen gewählt: Injektion einer Tumorzellsuspension in die freie Bauchhöhle und <pagenumber id="N11BF4" label="82" numbering="arabic" start="82"/>Aufbau eines Pneumoperitoneums mit den entsprechenden Insufflationsgasen und einem Druck von 15 mm Hg für 30 min. 2, 12, 24, 48 und 96h nach Beenden des Pneumoperitoneums wurden 5 Tiere je Gruppe getötet und das parietale Peritoneum mit dem Rasterelektronenmikroskop systematisch auf Zeichen einer entzündlichen Reaktion untersucht. In der Gruppe der Kontrolltiere erfolgte die Entnahme des Bauchfells zwei Stunden nach Tumorzellinjektion. </p>
			<p>Das Peritoneum aller Kontrolltiere war intakt. In der CO<sub>2</sub> &#8211; Gruppe wurden bei 4 von 25 Tieren (16 %) entzündliche Veränderungen festgestellt, in der Helium &#8211; Gruppe wurden ebenfalls bei 4 von 25 Tieren (16 %) entzündliche Veränderungen gefunden. CO<sub>2</sub>- bzw. Helium-Pneumoperitoneum verursachten demgemäss keine globale Schädigung des Peritoneums (P&lt;0,01). Zwischen den Gruppen bestand kein Unterschied. Tumorwachstum in der Form von Tumorknoten oder einer Peritonealkarzinomatose wurde in keinem der untersuchten Präparate festgestellt.</p>
			<p>In der vorliegenden Studie wurden infolge eines Pneumoperitoneums keine morphologischen Alterationen des Bauchfells entdeckt, die zu einer Begünstigung der Bildung von intraperitonealen Metastasen führen könnten. Dieses Ergebnis steht im Gegensatz zu anderen Arbeiten, die entzündliche Veränderungen des Peritoneums beschrieben, die in der Folge zu vermehrtem intraperitonealen Tumorwachstum führten. Dieser Widerspruch könnte in der Wahl des Tiermodells und der Versuchsbedingungen begründet sein. Hier sind insbesondere die Variablen Gasfluss, Versuchstier und Tumorzelllinie zu nennen.</p>
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