<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Th<sub>1</sub>-Zytokine und die Prothrombinase fgl2 in normaler und pathologischer Schwangerschaft</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Maike  Knackstedt</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_3" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="_Toc61616516" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_5" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10059" part="N10059" ref="N10059" type="preface">Zielsetzung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10060" part="N10059" ref="N10060" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32259884" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32259884" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616518" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616518" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_7" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_7" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1008F" part="chapter1" ref="N1008F" type="helpercitenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10094" part="chapter1" ref="N10094" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151896" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151896" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152150" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152150" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154505" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154505" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616519" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616519" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100B0" part="chapter1" ref="N100B0" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32259885" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32259885" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151897" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151897" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152151" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152151" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154506" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154506" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259886" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32259886" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100D0" part="chapter1" ref="N100D0" type="subsection">1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616520" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616520" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_8" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_8" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151898" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151898" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152152" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152152" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154507" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154507" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259887" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32259887" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616521" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616521" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10127" part="chapter1" ref="N10127" type="subsection">1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_9" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_9" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10146" part="chapter1" ref="N10146" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10149" part="chapter1" ref="N10149" type="mm">623#353</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_10" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_10" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1016C" part="chapter1" ref="N1016C" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1016F" part="chapter1" ref="N1016F" type="mm">623#353</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151899" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151899" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152153" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152153" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154508" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154508" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616522" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616522" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_11" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_11" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1019F" part="chapter1" ref="N1019F" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151900" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151900" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152154" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152154" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154509" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154509" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N101B6" part="chapter1" ref="N101B6" type="subsection">1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616523" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616523" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N101EA" part="chapter1" ref="N101EA" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_12" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_12" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151901" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151901" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152155" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152155" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154510" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154510" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616524" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616524" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10258" part="chapter1" ref="N10258" type="subsection">1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10265" part="chapter1" ref="N10265" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_13" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_13" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102B3" part="chapter1" ref="N102B3" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151902" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151902" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152156" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152156" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154511" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154511" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616525" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616525" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102CE" part="chapter1" ref="N102CE" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151903" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151903" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152157" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152157" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154512" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154512" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102E5" part="chapter1" ref="N102E5" type="subsection">1.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616526" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616526" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_14" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_14" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10316" part="chapter1" ref="N10316" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_15" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_15" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151904" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151904" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152158" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152158" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154513" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154513" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616527" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616527" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10345" part="chapter1" ref="N10345" type="subsection">1.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_16" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_16" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151905" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151905" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152159" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152159" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154514" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154514" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616528" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616528" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10394" part="chapter1" ref="N10394" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151906" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151906" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152160" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152160" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154515" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154515" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N103AB" part="chapter1" ref="N103AB" type="subsection">1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616529" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616529" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N103B5" part="chapter1" ref="N103B5" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_17" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_17" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151907" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151907" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152161" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152161" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154516" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154516" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616530" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616530" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10459" part="chapter1" ref="N10459" type="subsection">1.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_18" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_18" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_19" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_19" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151908" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151908" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152162" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152162" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154517" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154517" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616531" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616531" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104D5" part="chapter1" ref="N104D5" type="section">1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104DC" part="chapter1" ref="N104DC" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_20" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_20" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_21" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_21" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151909" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151909" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152163" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152163" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154518" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154518" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616532" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616532" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10598" part="chapter1" ref="N10598" type="section">1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1059F" part="chapter1" ref="N1059F" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151910" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32151910" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152164" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32152164" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154519" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc32154519" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_22" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_22" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616533" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc61616533" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_23" part="chapter1" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_23" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105C2" part="chapter2" ref="N105C2" type="helpercitenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151911" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151911" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152165" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152165" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154520" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154520" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105D4" part="chapter2" ref="N105D4" type="section">2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616534" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616534" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151912" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151912" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152166" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152166" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154521" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154521" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616535" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616535" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105FB" part="chapter2" ref="N105FB" type="section">2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10602" part="chapter2" ref="N10602" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_24" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_24" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151913" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151913" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152167" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152167" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154522" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154522" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616536" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616536" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1061F" part="chapter2" ref="N1061F" type="section">2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10626" part="chapter2" ref="N10626" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151914" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151914" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152168" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152168" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154523" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154523" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616537" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616537" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1064F" part="chapter2" ref="N1064F" type="section">2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1065D" part="chapter2" ref="N1065D" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_25" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_25" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10663" part="chapter2" ref="N10663" type="mm">624#265</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601055" part="chapter2" ref="I_Ref61601055" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10673" part="chapter2" ref="N10673" type="mm">26#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10677" part="chapter2" ref="N10677" type="mm">26#9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151915" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151915" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152169" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152169" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154524" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154524" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616538" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616538" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10695" part="chapter2" ref="N10695" type="section">2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151916" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151916" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152170" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152170" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154525" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154525" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616539" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616539" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106B6" part="chapter2" ref="N106B6" type="section">2.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106BD" part="chapter2" ref="N106BD" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106C3" part="chapter2" ref="N106C3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_26" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_26" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151917" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151917" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152171" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152171" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154526" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154526" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616540" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616540" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10792" part="chapter2" ref="N10792" type="section">2.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10799" part="chapter2" ref="N10799" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1079F" part="chapter2" ref="N1079F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151918" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151918" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152172" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152172" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154527" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154527" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616541" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616541" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N107FF" part="chapter2" ref="N107FF" type="section">2.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10806" part="chapter2" ref="N10806" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1080C" part="chapter2" ref="N1080C" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_27" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_27" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108AF" part="chapter2" ref="N108AF" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151919" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151919" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152173" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152173" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154528" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154528" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616542" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616542" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108CC" part="chapter2" ref="N108CC" type="section">2.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D6" part="chapter2" ref="N108D6" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10970" part="chapter2" ref="N10970" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_28" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_28" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151920" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151920" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152174" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152174" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154529" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154529" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616543" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616543" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10999" part="chapter2" ref="N10999" type="section">2.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109A3" part="chapter2" ref="N109A3" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N109A6" part="chapter2" ref="N109A6" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_29" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_29" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151921" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151921" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152175" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152175" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154530" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154530" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616544" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616544" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10B36" part="chapter2" ref="N10B36" type="section">2.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B3D" part="chapter2" ref="N10B3D" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B43" part="chapter2" ref="N10B43" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_30" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_30" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D55" part="chapter2" ref="N10D55" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D58" part="chapter2" ref="N10D58" type="mm">624#289</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_31" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_31" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D72" part="chapter2" ref="N10D72" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D75" part="chapter2" ref="N10D75" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10E20" part="chapter2" ref="N10E20" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151922" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151922" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152176" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152176" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154531" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154531" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616545" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616545" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10EE5" part="chapter2" ref="N10EE5" type="section">2.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F04" part="chapter2" ref="N10F04" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F07" part="chapter2" ref="N10F07" type="mm">615#58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_33" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_33" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10F20" part="chapter2" ref="N10F20" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F23" part="chapter2" ref="N10F23" type="mm">615#58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F2D" part="chapter2" ref="N10F2D" type="mm">615#58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151923" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151923" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152177" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152177" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154532" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154532" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616546" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616546" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10F4B" part="chapter2" ref="N10F4B" type="section">2.13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F55" part="chapter2" ref="N10F55" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F5B" part="chapter2" ref="N10F5B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_34" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_34" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11138" part="chapter2" ref="N11138" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151924" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151924" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152178" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152178" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154533" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154533" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616547" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616547" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1114F" part="chapter2" ref="N1114F" type="section">2.14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11159" part="chapter2" ref="N11159" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1115F" part="chapter2" ref="N1115F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N112B6" part="chapter2" ref="N112B6" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_35" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_35" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151926" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151926" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152179" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152179" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154534" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154534" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616548" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616548" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N112DC" part="chapter2" ref="N112DC" type="section">2.15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151927" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151927" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N112F5" part="chapter2" ref="N112F5" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N112F8" part="chapter2" ref="N112F8" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_36" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_36" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151928" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151928" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152180" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152180" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154535" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154535" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616549" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616549" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113F6" part="chapter2" ref="N113F6" type="section">2.16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11400" part="chapter2" ref="N11400" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11403" part="chapter2" ref="N11403" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_37" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_37" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_38" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_38" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11909" part="chapter2" ref="N11909" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151929" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151929" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152181" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152181" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154536" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154536" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616550" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616550" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11926" part="chapter2" ref="N11926" type="section">2.17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11933" part="chapter2" ref="N11933" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11936" part="chapter2" ref="N11936" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_39" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_39" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151930" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151930" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152182" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152182" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154537" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154537" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616551" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616551" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11CCA" part="chapter2" ref="N11CCA" type="section">2.18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CD1" part="chapter2" ref="N11CD1" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11CD7" part="chapter2" ref="N11CD7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_40" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_40" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151931" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151931" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152183" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152183" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154538" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154538" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616552" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616552" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11D58" part="chapter2" ref="N11D58" type="section">2.19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D5F" part="chapter2" ref="N11D5F" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11D68" part="chapter2" ref="N11D68" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11DDA" part="chapter2" ref="N11DDA" type="section">2.20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151933" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151933" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152185" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152185" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154540" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154540" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616553" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616553" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_41" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_41" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11DF0" part="chapter2" ref="N11DF0" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151934" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32151934" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152186" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32152186" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154541" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc32154541" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616554" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc61616554" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_42" part="chapter2" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_42" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E13" part="chapter3" ref="N11E13" type="helpercitenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151935" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151935" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152187" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152187" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154542" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154542" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E25" part="chapter3" ref="N11E25" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616555" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616555" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E3E" part="chapter3" ref="N11E3E" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E41" part="chapter3" ref="N11E41" type="mm">562#336</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601234" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601234" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E58" part="chapter3" ref="N11E58" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151936" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151936" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152188" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152188" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154543" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154543" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616556" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616556" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_43" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_43" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151937" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151937" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152189" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152189" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154544" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154544" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E7E" part="chapter3" ref="N11E7E" type="subsection">3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616557" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616557" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E95" part="chapter3" ref="N11E95" type="mm">624#302</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601335" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601335" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151938" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151938" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152190" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152190" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154545" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154545" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616558" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616558" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11ECA" part="chapter3" ref="N11ECA" type="subsection">3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11ED1" part="chapter3" ref="N11ED1" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_44" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_44" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11EE1" part="chapter3" ref="N11EE1" type="mm">624#277</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601358" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601358" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151939" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151939" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152191" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152191" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154546" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154546" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616559" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616559" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F0F" part="chapter3" ref="N11F0F" type="subsection">3.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_45" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_45" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F2A" part="chapter3" ref="N11F2A" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F2D" part="chapter3" ref="N11F2D" type="mm">624#315</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601425" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601425" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151940" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151940" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152192" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152192" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154547" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154547" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616560" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616560" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F5C" part="chapter3" ref="N11F5C" type="subsection">3.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_46" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_46" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F70" part="chapter3" ref="N11F70" type="mm">624#301</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601559" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601559" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F8B" part="chapter3" ref="N11F8B" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F95" part="chapter3" ref="N11F95" type="mm">624#337</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601635" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601635" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_47" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_47" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FBE" part="chapter3" ref="N11FBE" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FC1" part="chapter3" ref="N11FC1" type="mm">624#325</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601658" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601658" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FD9" part="chapter3" ref="N11FD9" type="mm">624#301</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601668" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601668" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_48" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_48" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151941" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151941" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152193" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152193" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154548" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154548" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616561" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616561" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12009" part="chapter3" ref="N12009" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12010" part="chapter3" ref="N12010" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12021" part="chapter3" ref="N12021" type="mm">624#361</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601708" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601708" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151942" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151942" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152194" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152194" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154549" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154549" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616562" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616562" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12049" part="chapter3" ref="N12049" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_49" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_49" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1205F" part="chapter3" ref="N1205F" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12062" part="chapter3" ref="N12062" type="mm">624#229</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601796" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601796" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12085" part="chapter3" ref="N12085" type="mm">624#301</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61601830" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61601830" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_50" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_50" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1209E" part="chapter3" ref="N1209E" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120AC" part="chapter3" ref="N120AC" type="mm">624#313</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602019" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602019" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151943" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151943" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152195" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152195" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154550" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154550" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N120D6" part="chapter3" ref="N120D6" type="mm">624#325</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602030" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602030" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616563" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616563" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_51" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_51" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N120F9" part="chapter3" ref="N120F9" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12100" part="chapter3" ref="N12100" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12114" part="chapter3" ref="N12114" type="mm">624#385</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602135" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602135" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151944" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151944" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152196" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152196" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154551" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154551" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616564" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616564" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1213D" part="chapter3" ref="N1213D" type="section">3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_52" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_52" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12160" part="chapter3" ref="N12160" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12163" part="chapter3" ref="N12163" type="mm">624#337</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602186" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602186" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_53" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_53" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12180" part="chapter3" ref="N12180" type="mm">624#265</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602206" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602206" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12197" part="chapter3" ref="N12197" type="mm">624#277</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602272" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602272" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N121AE" part="chapter3" ref="N121AE" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121B8" part="chapter3" ref="N121B8" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602354" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602354" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151945" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151945" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152197" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152197" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154552" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154552" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616565" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616565" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_54" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_54" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12295" part="chapter3" ref="N12295" type="section">3.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151946" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151946" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152198" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152198" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154553" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154553" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N122AC" part="chapter3" ref="N122AC" type="subsection">3.7.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616566" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616566" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N122BC" part="chapter3" ref="N122BC" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122BF" part="chapter3" ref="N122BF" type="mm">624#266</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602713" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602713" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_55" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_55" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N122D9" part="chapter3" ref="N122D9" type="mm">624#253</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122E7" part="chapter3" ref="N122E7" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N122F1" part="chapter3" ref="N122F1" type="mm">624#337</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602774" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602774" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_56" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_56" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12315" part="chapter3" ref="N12315" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12318" part="chapter3" ref="N12318" type="mm">624#361</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602798" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602798" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151947" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151947" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152199" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152199" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154554" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154554" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1233B" part="chapter3" ref="N1233B" type="mm">624#277</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc61616567" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616567" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_57" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_57" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12354" part="chapter3" ref="N12354" type="subsection">3.7.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12362" part="chapter3" ref="N12362" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12365" part="chapter3" ref="N12365" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602838" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602838" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12429" part="chapter3" ref="N12429" type="mm">624#313</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602896" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602896" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_58" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_58" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12440" part="chapter3" ref="N12440" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1244E" part="chapter3" ref="N1244E" type="mm">624#277</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602927" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602927" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1245F" part="chapter3" ref="N1245F" type="mm">624#253</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602937" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602937" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12470" part="chapter3" ref="N12470" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc32151948" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151948" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152200" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152200" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154555" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154555" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616568" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616568" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_59" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_59" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12494" part="chapter3" ref="N12494" type="section">3.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N124A5" part="chapter3" ref="N124A5" type="mm">624#349</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61602993" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61602993" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N124BD" part="chapter3" ref="N124BD" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_60" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_60" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N124CA" part="chapter3" ref="N124CA" type="mm">344#265</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref61603034" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref61603034" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151949" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32151949" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152201" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32152201" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154556" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc32154556" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616569" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc61616569" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_61" part="chapter3" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_61" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N124FA" part="chapter4" ref="N124FA" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12504" part="chapter4" ref="N12504" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref61603561" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref61603561" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1265B" part="chapter4" ref="N1265B" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1265E" part="chapter4" ref="N1265E" type="mm">624#349</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_62" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_62" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_63" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_63" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12690" part="chapter4" ref="N12690" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_64" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_64" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_65" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_65" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12708" part="chapter4" ref="N12708" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_66" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_66" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12711" part="chapter4" ref="N12711" type="mm">624#721</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_67" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_67" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1272D" part="chapter4" ref="N1272D" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12739" part="chapter4" ref="N12739" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_68" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_68" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_69" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_69" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_70" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_70" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N127A5" part="chapter4" ref="N127A5" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_71" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_71" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32151970" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc32151970" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32152202" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc32152202" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32154557" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc32154557" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616570" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc61616570" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_72" part="chapter4" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_72" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N127E4" part="chapter5" ref="N127E4" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_73" part="chapter5" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_73" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259938" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc32259938" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616571" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc61616571" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_74" part="chapter5" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_74" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="N12820" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N12822" part="N12822" ref="N12822" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12829" part="N12822" ref="N12829" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616517" part="N12822" ref="_Toc61616517" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_6" part="N12822" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_6" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12B05" part="N12B05" ref="N12B05" type="bibliography"> 6. Schriftenverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_75" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_75" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_76" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_76" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_77" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_77" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_78" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_78" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_79" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_79" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_80" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_80" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_81" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_81" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_82" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_82" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_83" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_83" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_84" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_84" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_85" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_85" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_86" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_86" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_87" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_87" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_88" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_88" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_89" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_89" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_90" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_90" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259941" part="N12B05" ref="_Toc32259941" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc61616572" part="N12B05" ref="_Toc61616572" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_91" part="N12B05" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_91" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13D26" part="N13D26" ref="N13D26" type="appendix">7. Anhang</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13D28" part="N13D26" ref="N13D28" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N13D2B" part="N13D26" ref="N13D2B" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D2E" part="N13D26" ref="N13D2E" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D34" part="N13D26" ref="N13D34" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D3A" part="N13D26" ref="N13D3A" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D40" part="N13D26" ref="N13D40" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D46" part="N13D26" ref="N13D46" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D52" part="N13D26" ref="N13D52" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D58" part="N13D26" ref="N13D58" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D5E" part="N13D26" ref="N13D5E" type="p"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259942" part="N13D26" ref="_Toc32259942" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13D64" part="N13D26" ref="N13D64" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D6A" part="N13D26" ref="N13D6A" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N13D6D" part="N13D26" ref="N13D6D" type="p"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259943" part="N13D26" ref="_Toc32259943" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13D73" part="N13D26" ref="N13D73" type="p"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_92" part="N13D26" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_92" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13D7A" part="N13D7A" ref="N13D7A" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_93" part="N13D7A" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_93" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc32259944" part="N13D7A" ref="_Toc32259944" type="link"/><cms:entry id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_94" part="N13D7A" ref="DiDiSeite_P0_N_94" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13DB0" part="N13DB0" ref="N13DB0" type="declaration">Erklärung an Eides statt</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus der Klinik für Geburtsmedizin<br/>der Medizinischen Fakultät der Charité &#8211; Universitätsmedizin Berlin  <br/></school><submission>Dissertation</submission><title>Th<sub>1</sub>-Zytokine und die Prothrombinase fgl2 in normaler und pathologischer Schwangerschaft</title><degree>Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité<br/>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</major><author>von<br/><given>Maike </given>
         <surname>Knackstedt</surname>
         <surname/>
         <suffix>aus Berlin</suffix>
      </author><dean>Prof. Dr. med. J.-W. Dudenhausen</dean><dean>Prof. Dr. med. Matin Paul</dean><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. J.-W. Dudenhausen</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. habil. H. Donat</name>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. G. Schönfelder</name>
      </approvals><date>Datum der Promotion: 24. September 2004</date><p>
         <link id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_3"/>
      </p><p>
         <link id="_Toc61616516"/>
      </p><p>
         <link id="DiDiSeite_P0_N_5"/>
      </p><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10059">Zielsetzung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1</link> 
            
            
            Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N100B0">1.1</link> 
               Grundlagen der Implantation eines Embryos &#8211; Der Beginn einer Schwangerschaft<ul><li><p><link ref="N100D0">1.1.1</link> 
                  Das Transplantationsmodell</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10127">1.1.2</link> Die pathologische Implantation</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1019F">1.2</link> Immunologische Grundlagen einer Schwangerschaft<ul><li><p><link ref="N101B6">1.2.1</link> 
                  Das Th<strong>
                     <sub>1</sub>
                  </strong>/Th<strong>
                     <sub>2</sub>
                  </strong>
                  <strong>-</strong>Paradigma</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10258">1.2.2</link> Die Rolle der Th<strong>
                     <sub>1</sub>
                  </strong>-Zytokine in der Schwangerschaft</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N102CE">1.3</link> Folgen der immunologischen Dysbalance in der Schwangerschaft<ul><li><p><link ref="N102E5">1.3.1</link> 
                  Die Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10345">1.3.2</link> Die Rolle der Apoptose in der Schwangerschaft</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10394">1.4</link> Aspekte des Spontanabortes<ul><li><p><link ref="N103AB">1.4.1</link> 
                  Immunologische Grundlagen des Spontanabortes</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10459">1.4.2</link> Zwei Abortmodelle in CBA/J Mäusen: Stress versus IL-12</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104D5">1.5</link> Immunologische Aspekte der Präeklampsie</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10598">1.6</link> Fragestellung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2</link> Material und Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N105D4">2.1</link> 
               Versuchstiere</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105FB">2.2</link> Patientinnenkollektiv</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1061F">2.3</link> Versuchsaufbau der Tierversuche</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1064F">2.4</link> Abortrate in Prozent</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10695">2.5</link> Gewebepräparation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N106B6">2.6</link> Total-RNA-Extraktion</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10792">2.7</link> DNAse-Behandlung der RNA-Proben</p></li><li><p><link ref="N107FF">2.8</link> Reverse Transkription</p></li><li><p><link ref="N108CC">2.9</link> Qualitative PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10999">2.10</link> Die Agaroseelektrophorese</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B36">2.11</link> Quantitative PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EE5">2.12</link> Analyse der Taq-Man-Daten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F4B">2.13</link> Präparation von Plasmid-DNA im kleinen Maßstab (Minipräparation)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1114F">2.14</link> Linearisierung der Plasmid-cDNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N112DC">2.15</link> Synthese der <sup>35</sup>S-markierten RNA-Sonde</p></li><li><p><link ref="N113F6">2.16</link> In-situ-Hybridisierung </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11926">2.17</link> Immunhistochemie</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11CCA">2.18</link> TUNEL-Färbung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D58">2.19</link> Giemsa-Färbung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11DDA">2.20</link> 
               
               
               
               
               Statistische Analyse der Daten</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3</link> Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N11E25">3.1</link> 
               Die Erhöhung der Abortrate durch Stress und durch die Injektion von IL-12 p70 </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E58">3.2</link> 
               
               
               
               
               Der Einfluss von Stress auf die mRNA-Expression von abortogenen Zytokinen <ul><li><p><link ref="N11E7E">3.2.1</link> 
                  Der Anstieg von TNF-&#945; mRNA nach Stressexposition </p></li><li><p><link ref="N11ECA">3.2.2</link> Die IFN-&#947;-Expression nach Stressapplikation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F0F">3.2.3</link> Die Beeinflussung der mRNA-Expression von IL-12 durch Stress</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F5C">3.2.4</link> Das Verhältnis der Abortrate zu der quantitativen Menge an Zytokinen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12009">3.3</link> Das Zytokinprofil nach der Injektion von IL-12 </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12049">3.4</link> Der Vergleich der Expression von fgl2 mRNA bei Stress und  nach Injektion von IL-12</p></li><li><p><link ref="N120F9">3.5</link> Die Induktion von Apoptose durch Stress und IL-12 im Mausmodell</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1213D">3.6</link> Die Expression von TNF-&#945; im ersten Trimenon und dritten Trimenon</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12295">3.7</link> Die Expression von fgl2 mRNA und fgl2 Protein in humanem Plazentagewebe<ul><li><p><link ref="N122AC">3.7.1</link> 
                  Das erste Trimenon</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12354">3.7.2</link> Das dritte Trimenon</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12494">3.8</link> Apoptose in Präeklampsie und Spontanabort</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4</link> Diskussion</p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5</link> Zusammenfassung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12822">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12B05"> 6. Schriftenverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13D26">7. Anhang</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13D7A">Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13DB0">Erklärung an Eides statt</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N121B8">
                     Tabelle 1: <strong>Immunhistochemie für TNF-</strong>
                     <strong>&#945;</strong>
                     <strong> in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta bei normalem Schwangerschaftsverlauf und von Pr</strong>
                     <strong>ä</strong>
                     <strong>eklampsie-Patientinnen</strong>Vermehrte Expression von TNF-&#945; Protein in Endothelzellen und Trophoblasten bei Präeklampsie (PE) im Vergleich zu einem normalen Schwangerschaftsverlauf. Kein Unterschied in der Expression von TNF-&#945; Protein in Trophoblastzellen und plazentaren Makrophagen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12365">
                        Tabelle 2: <strong>Immunhistochemie für fgl2 in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta bei normalem Schwangerschaftsverlauf und bei Pr</strong>
                        <strong>ä</strong>
                        <strong>eklampsie-Patientinnen</strong>Vermehrte Expression von fgl2 Protein in Endothelzellen, Trophoblasten und Makrophagen bei Präeklampsie-Patientinnen (PE) im Vergleich zu einem normalen Schwangerschaftsverlauf.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12504">
                  Tabelle 3: <strong>Überblick über das Zytokinprofil im Mausmodell nach Stress und IL-12-Injektion</strong>
                  <strong><br/>Stress </strong>bewirkte einen Anstieg der Resorptionsrate und von TNF-&#945; mRNA, wobei fgl2 mRNA vermindert exprimiert wurde. Stress zeigte keinen Einfluss auf die Expression von IFN-&#947; mRNA und IL-12 mRNA. <strong>Die Injektion von IL-12</strong> bewirkte einen Anstieg von TNF-&#945; und IFN-&#947; mRNA sowie einen Anstieg von fgl2 mRNA.</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10149">Abbildung 1: <strong>Trophoblasteninvasion während der Frühschwangerschaft</strong> Cytotrophoblasten invadieren in mütterliches Gewebe, insbesondere in mütterliche Gefäße. Dort kleiden sie die Gefäßwand luminal aus, wobei sie das Integrinmuster der mütterlichen Endothelzellen imitieren.  (modifiziert nach Zhou et al. 1997)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1016F">Abbildung 2: <strong>Uteroplazentare Zirkulation</strong> Dargestellt ist die Umwandlung der maternalen Spiralarterien von Hochwiderstandsgefäßen in Gefäße mit niedrigem Widerstand bei weitem Gefäßdurchmesser. Diese Umwandlung wird durch die eingewanderten Trophoblasten, die das Integrinprofil der mütterlichen Endothelzellen imitieren, gesteuert (siehe auch Abbildung 1). (modifiziert nach Zhou, 1997)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10663">
                     Abbildung 3: <strong>Darstellung eines der Seitenhörner des V-förmigen Mausuterus</strong></link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D58">Abbildung 4: <strong>Prinzip der quantitativen PCR</strong> 1. Die Sonde ist linear an die cDNA gebunden und das Quencher-Molekül inhibiert die Fluoreszenz des Reporters. 2. Bei der Synthese der cDNA wird die Sonde von der cDNA abgespalten. Der Quencher inhibiert nicht länger den Reporter.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E41">
                     Abbildung 5: <strong>Die Resorptionsraten und Implantationen bei Stress und IL-12-Injektion</strong> <strong>A</strong>: Die Resorptionsrate in Prozent lag bei den stressbehandelten und den IL-12-behandelten Tieren zweifach höher als bei den nicht behandelten Tieren (kein Stress, keine Injektionen). <strong>B</strong>: Die durchschnittliche Anzahl an Implantationen pro Tier ist hier angezeigt, wobei Stress und IL-12-Injektion die Anzahl der Implantationen geringfügig reduzierten.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E95">
                        Abbildung 6:  <strong>TNF-</strong>
                        <strong>&#945;</strong>
                        <strong> mRNA in Stress und Kontro</strong>
                        <strong>l</strong>
                        <strong>le</strong> Ein 5facher Anstieg der Menge an TNF- &#945; nach Stress im Vergleich zu den nichtbehandelten Tieren.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11EE1">
                        Abbildung 7: <strong>IFN-</strong>
                        <strong>&#947;</strong>
                        <strong> mRNA in Stress und Kontrolle</strong>Keine Veränderung in der Menge an IFN- mRNA nach Stressexposition.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F2D">
                        Abbildung 8: <strong>IL-12 p40 und Il-12 p35 in Stress und Kontrolle</strong> <strong>A</strong>: Die Stressexposition der trächtigen Mäuse reguliert die Expression von IL-12 p40 um das 1,2fache herunter. <strong>B</strong>: Die Stressexposition der trächtigen Mäuse reguliert die Expression von IL-12 p35 um das 2,8fache herauf.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F70">
                        Abbildung 9: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Abortrate in Prozent und der Menge an exprimierter </strong>
                        <strong>TNF- </strong>
                        <strong>&#945;</strong>
                        <strong> mRNA</strong> Es zeigt sich eine positive Korrelation zwischen der Menge an TNF- &#945; mRNA und dem Prozentsatz an Resorptionen bei einem Korrelationskoeffizienten von r = 0.611.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F95">
                        Abbildung 10: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Abortrate in Prozent und der Menge an exprimierter IFN-</strong>
                        <strong>&#947;</strong>
                        <strong> RNA</strong> Es zeigt sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Menge an IFN-&#947; und dem Prozentsatz an Resorptionen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FC1">
                        Abbildung 11: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Abortrate in Prozent und der Menge an expr</strong>
                        <strong>i</strong>
                        <strong>mierter IL-12 p40 mRNA</strong> Es zeigt sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Menge an IL-12 p40 und dem Prozentsatz an Resorptionen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FD9">
                        Abbildung 12: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Abortrate in Prozent und der Menge an exprimierter IL-12 p35 mRNA</strong> Es zeigt sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Menge an IL-12 p35 und dem Prozentsatz an Resorptionen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12021">
                     Abbildung 13: <strong>Zytokinregulation nach der Injektion von IL-12 p70</strong>Deutlicher Anstieg von TNF-&#945; und IFN-&#947; nach der Injektion von rekombinanten IL-12 p70.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12062">
                     Abbildung 14: <strong>In-situ-Hybridisierung für fgl2 mRNA im Uterus eines CBA/J-Weibchen am Tag 13,5 der Trächti</strong>
                     <strong>g</strong>
                     <strong>keit</strong> (A) zeigt die Sense-Probe und (B) zeigt die fgl2 mRNA positive Antisense-Probe.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12085">
                     Abbildung 15: <strong>Fgl2 mRNA-Expression bei stress-induziertem und inflammatorisch-induziertem Abort </strong>A: Fgl2 mRNA nach Stress und nach Injektion von IL-12: Fgl2 mRNA ist nach der Applikation von Stress (Tag 5,5) am Tag 13,5 der Trächtigkeit um das 3fache niedriger, wohingegen die Stimulation mit IL-12 p70 fgl2 mRNA auf das Dreifache erhöht. B: Zusammenhang zwischen fgl2 und der Anzahl an Aborten: Es ist kein Zusammenhang zwischen der Menge an fgl2 mRNA und der Höhe der Resorptionen erkennbar.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N120AC">
                     Abbildung 16: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Menge an TNF-</strong>
                     <strong>&#945;</strong>
                     <strong> und der Menge an fgl2 mRNA</strong> Es zeigt sich keine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Menge an TNF-&#945;und der Menge an fgl2 mRNA, als Tendenz lässt sich ein negativer Zusammenhang zwischen den beiden Parametern erkennen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N120D6">
                     Abbildung 17: <strong>Zusammenhang zwischen der Menge an IFN-</strong>
                     <strong>&#947;</strong>
                     <strong> mRNA und der exprimierten Menge an fgl2 mRNA</strong> Es zeigt sich keine Korrelation zwischen der Menge an IFN-&#947; und der Menge an fgl2 mRNA.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12114">
                     Abbildung 18: <strong>Apoptose nach Stress und nach IL-12-Injektion</strong> Stressstimulation und IL-12-Stimulation erhöhen das Auftreten von Apoptose im Uterus von CBA/J Weibchen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12163">
                     Abbildung 19: <strong>TNF-</strong>
                     <strong>&#945;</strong>
                     <strong> Expression in den Gefäßen bei Präeklampsie</strong>Semi-quantitative Analyse der Immunhistochemie für TNF-&#945; Protein an den Gefäßen in Präeklampsie und Kontrollen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12180">
                     Abbildung 20: <strong>Immunhistochemie für TNF-</strong>
                     <strong>&#945;</strong>
                     <strong> in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta bei normalem Schwangerschaftsverlauf</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für TNF-&#945; Protein.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12197">
                     Abbildung 21: <strong>Immunhistochemie für TNF-</strong>
                     <strong>&#945;</strong>
                     <strong> in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta von Präeklampsie-Patientinnen</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für TNF-&#945; Protein.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N122BF">
                        Abbildung 22: <strong>In-situ-Hybridisierung für fgl2 mRNA 1.-Trimester-Zotte</strong>(A) zeigt die Sense-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Antisense-Färbung für fgl2 mRNA.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N122D9">Abbildung 23: <strong>Immunhistochemie für fgl2 in 1.-Trimester-Plazenta bei normalem Schwangerschaftsverlauf</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für fgl2 Protein sowie einen repräsentativen Gefäßanschnitt.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N122F1">
                        Abbildung 24: <strong>fgl2 Protein-Expression in Endothelzellen von Gefäßen im ersten Tr</strong>
                        <strong>i</strong>
                        <strong>menon</strong>Semi-quantitative Analyse der Immunhistochemie für fgl2 an den Gefäßen in der  Dezidua basalis von Kontrolle und Spontanabort.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12318">
                        Abbildung 25: <strong>fgl2 Protein-Expression in Trophoblasten des ersten Trimenon</strong>Semi-quantitative Analyse der Immunhistochemie für fgl2 an den Trophoblastzellen der Dezidua basalis in Kontrolle und Spontanabort</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1233B">Abbildung 26: <strong>Immunhistochemie für fgl2 in 1.-Trimester-Plazenta von Abort-Patientinnen</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für fgl2 Protein sowie einen repräsentativen Gefäßanschnitt.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12429">
                        Abbildung 27: <strong>Expression von fgl2 Protein in Endothelzellen im dritten Trimenon</strong>Semi-quantitative Analyse der Immunhistochemie für fgl2 an den Gefäßen in Präeklampsie und Kontrollen.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1244E">
                        Abbildung 28: <strong>Immunhistochemie für fgl2 in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta bei normalem Schwangerschaftsverlauf</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für fgl2 Protein.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1245F">
                        Abbildung 29: <strong>Immunhistochemie für fgl2 in 3.-Trimester-Plazenta von Präeklampsie-Patientinnen</strong>(A) zeigt die IgG-Kontrolle und (B) zeigt die Färbung für fgl2 Protein.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124A5">
                     Abbildung 30: <strong>Apoptose im ersten und dritten Trimenon</strong> <strong>A</strong>: Semi-quantitative Analyse der apoptotischen Signale im Spontanabort. <strong>B</strong>: Semi-quantitative Analyse der apoptotischen Signale bei Präeklampsie.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124CA">
                     Abbildung 31: <strong>Apoptose im dritten Trimenon</strong>Die Zellkerne sind blau angefärbt, wobei die apoptotischen Fragmente grünfluoreszieren.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1265E">Abbildung 32: <strong>Hypothese</strong>Durch simultane Applikation von TNF-&#945; und IFN-&#947; am Tag 7,5 der Trächtigkeit werden immunkompetente Zellen, wie Mastzellen, spezifische T-Zellsubpopulationen und Makrophagen, aktiviert, wodurch ein inflammatorisches Milieu mit Produktion von Th<sub>1-</sub>Zytokinen entsteht. Die Anwesenheit von TNF-&#945; und IFN-&#947; sowie Interleukin-1 im Uterus stimuliert maternale Endothelzellen zur Produktion und Sekretion von fgl2. Wenn fgl2 von den maternalen Endothelzellen exprimiert wird, fungiert es als direkte Prothrombinase und wandelt Prothrombin in Thrombin um. Dieser Vorgang führt zum einem zur Gerinnung und erhöhter Bildung von Fibrin, zum anderen zur Aktivierung der Endothelzellen und zur erhöhten Produktion von IL-8 (in der Maus MIP-2). Die Anwesenheit von IL-8 wirkt chemotaktisch auf polymorphonukleare Leukozyten, die dann zu Zelluntergang und nekrotischem Gewebezerfall führen. &#8222;Klinisch&#8220; zeigt sich das Bild einer gesteigerten Abortrate. Appliziert man gleichzeitig mit den Zytokinen gerinnungshemmende Medikamente wie Hirudin oder Heparin bleibt der deutliche Anstieg der Abortrate aus.</link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>