<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Modulation unterschiedlicher Formen der Multidrug-Resistenz mittels eines Multitargetmultiribozymes</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Petra  Kowalski</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="_Toc536622702" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100D8" part="chapter1" ref="N100D8" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E8" part="chapter1" ref="N100E8" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622703" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622703" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100F2" part="chapter1" ref="N100F2" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FC" part="chapter1" ref="N100FC" type="subsection">1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622704" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622704" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10106" part="chapter1" ref="N10106" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1010C" part="chapter1" ref="N1010C" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747654" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747654" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1011C" part="chapter1" ref="N1011C" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622705" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622705" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10133" part="chapter1" ref="N10133" type="subsection">1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1013A" part="chapter1" ref="N1013A" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10143" part="chapter1" ref="N10143" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747655" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747655" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10156" part="chapter1" ref="N10156" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622706" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622706" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10165" part="chapter1" ref="N10165" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10178" part="chapter1" ref="N10178" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10251" part="chapter1" ref="N10251" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10254" part="chapter1" ref="N10254" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747656" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747656" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10276" part="chapter1" ref="N10276" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10289" part="chapter1" ref="N10289" type="subsection">1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622707" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622707" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10299" part="chapter1" ref="N10299" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102B4" part="chapter1" ref="N102B4" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102BA" part="chapter1" ref="N102BA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748084" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535748084" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622708" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622708" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N103FC" part="chapter1" ref="N103FC" type="subsection">1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10401" part="chapter1" ref="N10401" type="block">1.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622709" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622709" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1040B" part="chapter1" ref="N1040B" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622710" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622710" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1043A" part="chapter1" ref="N1043A" type="block">1.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622711" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622711" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104A3" part="chapter1" ref="N104A3" type="block">1.2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622712" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622712" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104E3" part="chapter1" ref="N104E3" type="subsection">1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N104EA" part="chapter1" ref="N104EA" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622713" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622713" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10514" part="chapter1" ref="N10514" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10530" part="chapter1" ref="N10530" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10533" part="chapter1" ref="N10533" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747657" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747657" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10547" part="chapter1" ref="N10547" type="subsection">1.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622714" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622714" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622715" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622715" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1055F" part="chapter1" ref="N1055F" type="subsection">1.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622716" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622716" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1058E" part="chapter1" ref="N1058E" type="subsection">1.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10595" part="chapter1" ref="N10595" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105D5" part="chapter1" ref="N105D5" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E2" part="chapter1" ref="N105E2" type="block">1.3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622717" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622717" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10601" part="chapter1" ref="N10601" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10604" part="chapter1" ref="N10604" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747658" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747658" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10659" part="chapter1" ref="N10659" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10678" part="chapter1" ref="N10678" type="subblock">1.3.3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622718" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622718" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106C4" part="chapter1" ref="N106C4" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747659" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747659" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106DD" part="chapter1" ref="N106DD" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106E0" part="chapter1" ref="N106E0" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622719" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622719" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10732" part="chapter1" ref="N10732" type="block">1.3.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10769" part="chapter1" ref="N10769" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10784" part="chapter1" ref="N10784" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747660" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc535747660" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N107A0" part="chapter1" ref="N107A0" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622720" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622720" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N107C7" part="chapter1" ref="N107C7" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107D7" part="chapter1" ref="N107D7" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N107DD" part="chapter1" ref="N107DD" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622721" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc536622721" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108A9" part="chapter2" ref="N108A9" type="section">2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622722" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622722" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108B1" part="chapter2" ref="N108B1" type="subsection">2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622723" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622723" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N108BB" part="chapter2" ref="N108BB" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108BE" part="chapter2" ref="N108BE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622724" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622724" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10C51" part="chapter2" ref="N10C51" type="subsection">2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C58" part="chapter2" ref="N10C58" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622725" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622725" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10E5C" part="chapter2" ref="N10E5C" type="subsection">2.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E69" part="chapter2" ref="N10E69" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E6C" part="chapter2" ref="N10E6C" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622726" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622726" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11567" part="chapter2" ref="N11567" type="subsection">2.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1156E" part="chapter2" ref="N1156E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622727" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622727" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N115BC" part="chapter2" ref="N115BC" type="subsection">2.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115C3" part="chapter2" ref="N115C3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11662" part="chapter2" ref="N11662" type="subsection">2.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622728" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622728" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1166C" part="chapter2" ref="N1166C" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1166F" part="chapter2" ref="N1166F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622729" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622729" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N117A7" part="chapter2" ref="N117A7" type="subsection">2.1.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N117B1" part="chapter2" ref="N117B1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11963" part="chapter2" ref="N11963" type="subsection">2.1.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622730" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622730" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc533920501" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc533920501" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535745872" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535745872" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748085" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748085" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1197F" part="chapter2" ref="N1197F" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11982" part="chapter2" ref="N11982" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622731" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622731" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622732" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622732" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11A25" part="chapter2" ref="N11A25" type="subsection">2.1.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11A2F" part="chapter2" ref="N11A2F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622733" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622733" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E53" part="chapter2" ref="N11E53" type="subsection">2.1.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E5A" part="chapter2" ref="N11E5A" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E63" part="chapter2" ref="N11E63" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622734" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622734" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F30" part="chapter2" ref="N11F30" type="subsection">2.1.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F3A" part="chapter2" ref="N11F3A" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11F3D" part="chapter2" ref="N11F3D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748086" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748086" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12063" part="chapter2" ref="N12063" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N120C9" part="chapter2" ref="N120C9" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622735" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622735" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N120D4" part="chapter2" ref="N120D4" type="subsection">2.1.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120DB" part="chapter2" ref="N120DB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622736" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622736" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12198" part="chapter2" ref="N12198" type="section">2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1219D" part="chapter2" ref="N1219D" type="subsection">2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622737" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622737" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N121A5" part="chapter2" ref="N121A5" type="block">2.2.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622738" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622738" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622739" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622739" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N121B7" part="chapter2" ref="N121B7" type="block">2.2.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121BE" part="chapter2" ref="N121BE" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121C7" part="chapter2" ref="N121C7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622740" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622740" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1223E" part="chapter2" ref="N1223E" type="block">2.2.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12245" part="chapter2" ref="N12245" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622741" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622741" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12250" part="chapter2" ref="N12250" type="block">2.2.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622742" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622742" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1225F" part="chapter2" ref="N1225F" type="block">2.2.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12272" part="chapter2" ref="N12272" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12275" part="chapter2" ref="N12275" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748087" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748087" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12348" part="chapter2" ref="N12348" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N123D8" part="chapter2" ref="N123D8" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123E4" part="chapter2" ref="N123E4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748088" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748088" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622743" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622743" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12531" part="chapter2" ref="N12531" type="block">2.2.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622744" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622744" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1254C" part="chapter2" ref="N1254C" type="block">2.2.1.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12553" part="chapter2" ref="N12553" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622745" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622745" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12564" part="chapter2" ref="N12564" type="block">2.2.1.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622746" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622746" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12579" part="chapter2" ref="N12579" type="block">2.2.1.9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1258C" part="chapter2" ref="N1258C" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1258F" part="chapter2" ref="N1258F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622747" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622747" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12650" part="chapter2" ref="N12650" type="block">2.2.1.10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622748" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622748" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1265F" part="chapter2" ref="N1265F" type="block">2.2.1.11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12669" part="chapter2" ref="N12669" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622749" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622749" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12677" part="chapter2" ref="N12677" type="block">2.2.1.12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12690" part="chapter2" ref="N12690" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12696" part="chapter2" ref="N12696" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12699" part="chapter2" ref="N12699" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12717" part="chapter2" ref="N12717" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N1271D" part="chapter2" ref="N1271D" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12720" part="chapter2" ref="N12720" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12786" part="chapter2" ref="N12786" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N1278C" part="chapter2" ref="N1278C" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1278F" part="chapter2" ref="N1278F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622750" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622750" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12802" part="chapter2" ref="N12802" type="block">2.2.1.13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12817" part="chapter2" ref="N12817" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1281A" part="chapter2" ref="N1281A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748089" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748089" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622751" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622751" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12925" part="chapter2" ref="N12925" type="block">2.2.1.14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12933" part="chapter2" ref="N12933" type="subblock">2.2.1.14.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622752" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622752" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1293D" part="chapter2" ref="N1293D" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1295B" part="chapter2" ref="N1295B" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1295E" part="chapter2" ref="N1295E" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12964" part="chapter2" ref="N12964" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N129C7" part="chapter2" ref="N129C7" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N129F7" part="chapter2" ref="N129F7" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12A03" part="chapter2" ref="N12A03" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12A09" part="chapter2" ref="N12A09" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12A69" part="chapter2" ref="N12A69" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12A93" part="chapter2" ref="N12A93" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12A96" part="chapter2" ref="N12A96" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12A9C" part="chapter2" ref="N12A9C" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622753" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622753" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12B0F" part="chapter2" ref="N12B0F" type="subblock">2.2.1.14.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12B1C" part="chapter2" ref="N12B1C" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12B5E" part="chapter2" ref="N12B5E" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12B61" part="chapter2" ref="N12B61" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12B67" part="chapter2" ref="N12B67" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12C07" part="chapter2" ref="N12C07" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C0A" part="chapter2" ref="N12C0A" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12C10" part="chapter2" ref="N12C10" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12C9B" part="chapter2" ref="N12C9B" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CC8" part="chapter2" ref="N12CC8" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12CCE" part="chapter2" ref="N12CCE" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CD1" part="chapter2" ref="N12CD1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12D71" part="chapter2" ref="N12D71" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12D77" part="chapter2" ref="N12D77" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D7A" part="chapter2" ref="N12D7A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12E0E" part="chapter2" ref="N12E0E" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E20" part="chapter2" ref="N12E20" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N12E26" part="chapter2" ref="N12E26" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622754" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622754" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12E93" part="chapter2" ref="N12E93" type="block">2.2.1.15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E9A" part="chapter2" ref="N12E9A" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622755" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622755" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12EAB" part="chapter2" ref="N12EAB" type="block">2.2.1.16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622756" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622756" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12EC3" part="chapter2" ref="N12EC3" type="block">2.2.1.17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622757" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622757" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12ED2" part="chapter2" ref="N12ED2" type="block">2.2.1.18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12ED9" part="chapter2" ref="N12ED9" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622758" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622758" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12EE4" part="chapter2" ref="N12EE4" type="block">2.2.1.19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622759" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622759" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12EFC" part="chapter2" ref="N12EFC" type="block">2.2.1.20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622760" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622760" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12F44" part="chapter2" ref="N12F44" type="block">2.2.1.21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F4B" part="chapter2" ref="N12F4B" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622761" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622761" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12F56" part="chapter2" ref="N12F56" type="block">2.2.1.22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622762" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622762" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12F67" part="chapter2" ref="N12F67" type="block">2.2.1.23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F83" part="chapter2" ref="N12F83" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12F86" part="chapter2" ref="N12F86" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748090" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748090" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622763" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622763" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N130A1" part="chapter2" ref="N130A1" type="block">2.2.1.24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622764" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622764" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N130B0" part="chapter2" ref="N130B0" type="block">2.2.1.25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N130BC" part="chapter2" ref="N130BC" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N130BF" part="chapter2" ref="N130BF" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1311C" part="chapter2" ref="N1311C" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1312B" part="chapter2" ref="N1312B" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622765" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622765" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13137" part="chapter2" ref="N13137" type="subsection">2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1313C" part="chapter2" ref="N1313C" type="block">2.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622766" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622766" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622767" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622767" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1314E" part="chapter2" ref="N1314E" type="block">2.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622768" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622768" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13161" part="chapter2" ref="N13161" type="subsection">2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13166" part="chapter2" ref="N13166" type="block">2.2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622769" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622769" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13170" part="chapter2" ref="N13170" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622770" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622770" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13185" part="chapter2" ref="N13185" type="block">2.2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622771" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622771" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13197" part="chapter2" ref="N13197" type="block">2.2.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N131A4" part="chapter2" ref="N131A4" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N131A7" part="chapter2" ref="N131A7" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622772" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622772" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1328A" part="chapter2" ref="N1328A" type="block">2.2.3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N132A0" part="chapter2" ref="N132A0" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N132A3" part="chapter2" ref="N132A3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748091" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc535748091" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622773" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622773" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13397" part="chapter2" ref="N13397" type="block">2.2.3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622774" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622774" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N133A9" part="chapter2" ref="N133A9" type="block">2.2.3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N133B0" part="chapter2" ref="N133B0" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622775" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc536622775" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N133C7" part="chapter3" ref="N133C7" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622776" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622776" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N133CF" part="chapter3" ref="N133CF" type="helpercitenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13417" part="chapter3" ref="N13417" type="subsection">3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622777" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622777" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13433" part="chapter3" ref="N13433" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13436" part="chapter3" ref="N13436" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N134A3" part="chapter3" ref="N134A3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748092" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535748092" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N135CC" part="chapter3" ref="N135CC" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N135CF" part="chapter3" ref="N135CF" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747661" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747661" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N135E2" part="chapter3" ref="N135E2" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747662" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747662" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622778" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622778" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13606" part="chapter3" ref="N13606" type="subsection">3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1360D" part="chapter3" ref="N1360D" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13619" part="chapter3" ref="N13619" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747663" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747663" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1363B" part="chapter3" ref="N1363B" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13644" part="chapter3" ref="N13644" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747664" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747664" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622779" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622779" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1366E" part="chapter3" ref="N1366E" type="subsection">3.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13675" part="chapter3" ref="N13675" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1368A" part="chapter3" ref="N1368A" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747665" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747665" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1369D" part="chapter3" ref="N1369D" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747666" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747666" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N136B0" part="chapter3" ref="N136B0" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N136B3" part="chapter3" ref="N136B3" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747667" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747667" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N136C9" part="chapter3" ref="N136C9" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748093" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535748093" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622780" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622780" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N138F7" part="chapter3" ref="N138F7" type="subsection">3.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N138FE" part="chapter3" ref="N138FE" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13907" part="chapter3" ref="N13907" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747668" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747668" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13917" part="chapter3" ref="N13917" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N139AF" part="chapter3" ref="N139AF" type="block">3.1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622781" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622781" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N139BF" part="chapter3" ref="N139BF" type="citenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N139EF" part="chapter3" ref="N139EF" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747669" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747669" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13A05" part="chapter3" ref="N13A05" type="citenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13A08" part="chapter3" ref="N13A08" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622782" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622782" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13ACC" part="chapter3" ref="N13ACC" type="subsection">3.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13AE1" part="chapter3" ref="N13AE1" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747670" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747670" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13AF1" part="chapter3" ref="N13AF1" type="citenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13AF4" part="chapter3" ref="N13AF4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13B94" part="chapter3" ref="N13B94" type="citenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13B97" part="chapter3" ref="N13B97" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747671" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747671" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622783" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622783" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13BC3" part="chapter3" ref="N13BC3" type="subsection">3.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13BD0" part="chapter3" ref="N13BD0" type="citenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13BE5" part="chapter3" ref="N13BE5" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747672" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747672" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N13C01" part="chapter3" ref="N13C01" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N13CC8" part="chapter3" ref="N13CC8" type="citenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N13CCE" part="chapter3" ref="N13CCE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748094" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535748094" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1403B" part="chapter3" ref="N1403B" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622784" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622784" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14043" part="chapter3" ref="N14043" type="subsection">3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622785" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622785" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1404D" part="chapter3" ref="N1404D" type="citenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14059" part="chapter3" ref="N14059" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747673" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747673" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622786" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622786" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1406B" part="chapter3" ref="N1406B" type="subsection">3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1407D" part="chapter3" ref="N1407D" type="citenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14080" part="chapter3" ref="N14080" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747674" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747674" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622787" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622787" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1409B" part="chapter3" ref="N1409B" type="subsection">3.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N140A3" part="chapter3" ref="N140A3" type="block">3.2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622788" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622788" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N140B7" part="chapter3" ref="N140B7" type="subblock">3.2.3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622789" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622789" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N140C1" part="chapter3" ref="N140C1" type="citenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N140D9" part="chapter3" ref="N140D9" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748095" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535748095" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N141FA" part="chapter3" ref="N141FA" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747675" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747675" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14207" part="chapter3" ref="N14207" type="citenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1420A" part="chapter3" ref="N1420A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14280" part="chapter3" ref="N14280" type="citenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622790" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622790" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14291" part="chapter3" ref="N14291" type="subblock">3.2.3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N142A1" part="chapter3" ref="N142A1" type="citenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N142A4" part="chapter3" ref="N142A4" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N142AE" part="chapter3" ref="N142AE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N142FA" part="chapter3" ref="N142FA" type="citenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N142FD" part="chapter3" ref="N142FD" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747677" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747677" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14310" part="chapter3" ref="N14310" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622791" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622791" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14378" part="chapter3" ref="N14378" type="subsection">3.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1437F" part="chapter3" ref="N1437F" type="citenumber">84</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14391" part="chapter3" ref="N14391" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747678" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747678" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N143A1" part="chapter3" ref="N143A1" type="citenumber">85</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N143A4" part="chapter3" ref="N143A4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14405" part="chapter3" ref="N14405" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748096" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535748096" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622792" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622792" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N147D1" part="chapter3" ref="N147D1" type="subsection">3.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N147D8" part="chapter3" ref="N147D8" type="citenumber">86</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N147DE" part="chapter3" ref="N147DE" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535747679" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc535747679" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N147F1" part="chapter3" ref="N147F1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14837" part="chapter3" ref="N14837" type="citenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14845" part="chapter3" ref="N14845" type="citenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622793" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc536622793" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14858" part="chapter4" ref="N14858" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622794" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622794" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14860" part="chapter4" ref="N14860" type="helpercitenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N148B0" part="chapter4" ref="N148B0" type="citenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N148D5" part="chapter4" ref="N148D5" type="subsection">4.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622795" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622795" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622796" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622796" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1490E" part="chapter4" ref="N1490E" type="subsection">4.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14915" part="chapter4" ref="N14915" type="citenumber">90</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14942" part="chapter4" ref="N14942" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1498B" part="chapter4" ref="N1498B" type="citenumber">91</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622797" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622797" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N149A5" part="chapter4" ref="N149A5" type="subsection">4.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622798" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622798" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N149C4" part="chapter4" ref="N149C4" type="section">4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N149ED" part="chapter4" ref="N149ED" type="subsection">4.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622799" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622799" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N149FA" part="chapter4" ref="N149FA" type="citenumber">92</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14A0F" part="chapter4" ref="N14A0F" type="section">4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622800" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622800" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14A1A" part="chapter4" ref="N14A1A" type="subsection">4.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622801" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622801" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14A24" part="chapter4" ref="N14A24" type="citenumber">93</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14A3D" part="chapter4" ref="N14A3D" type="block">4.3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622802" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622802" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14A53" part="chapter4" ref="N14A53" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N14ACB" part="chapter4" ref="N14ACB" type="citenumber">94</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622803" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622803" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14ADC" part="chapter4" ref="N14ADC" type="block">4.3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622804" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622804" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14AEF" part="chapter4" ref="N14AEF" type="subsection">4.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14AF4" part="chapter4" ref="N14AF4" type="block">4.3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622805" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622805" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14B0D" part="chapter4" ref="N14B0D" type="citenumber">95</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14B1F" part="chapter4" ref="N14B1F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622806" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622806" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14B85" part="chapter4" ref="N14B85" type="block">4.3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14B8C" part="chapter4" ref="N14B8C" type="citenumber">96</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622807" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622807" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14B9E" part="chapter4" ref="N14B9E" type="subsection">4.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14BB1" part="chapter4" ref="N14BB1" type="citenumber">97</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14BD5" part="chapter4" ref="N14BD5" type="citenumber">98</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14C0E" part="chapter4" ref="N14C0E" type="citenumber">99</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622808" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622808" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14C1A" part="chapter4" ref="N14C1A" type="section">4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14C36" part="chapter4" ref="N14C36" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc535748097" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc535748097" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14D71" part="chapter4" ref="N14D71" type="citenumber">100</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14D7D" part="chapter4" ref="N14D7D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622809" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622809" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14E40" part="chapter4" ref="N14E40" type="section">4.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N14E47" part="chapter4" ref="N14E47" type="citenumber">101</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622810" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc536622810" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="N14E75" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N14E77" part="N14E77" ref="N14E77" type="bibliography">Literaturverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622811" part="N14E77" ref="_Toc536622811" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N160EC" part="N160EC" ref="N160EC" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungen und Kurzdefinitionen</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N160F3" part="N160EC" ref="N160F3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622812" part="N160EC" ref="_Toc536622812" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N16B20" part="N16B20" ref="N16B20" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc536622813" part="N16B20" ref="_Toc536622813" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N16B3B" part="N16B3B" ref="N16B3B" type="vita">Lebenslauf</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N16B42" part="N16B3B" ref="N16B42" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622814" part="N16B3B" ref="_Toc536622814" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N16D58" part="N16D58" ref="N16D58" type="appendix">Publikationen</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N16D5A" part="N16D58" ref="N16D5A" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N16D5D" part="N16D58" ref="N16D5D" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16D66" part="N16D58" ref="N16D66" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16D68" part="N16D58" ref="N16D68" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N16DE8" part="N16D58" ref="N16DE8" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16DF1" part="N16D58" ref="N16DF1" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16DF4" part="N16D58" ref="N16DF4" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16DF7" part="N16D58" ref="N16DF7" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16DFD" part="N16D58" ref="N16DFD" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E00" part="N16D58" ref="N16E00" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E03" part="N16D58" ref="N16E03" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E09" part="N16D58" ref="N16E09" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E0C" part="N16D58" ref="N16E0C" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E0F" part="N16D58" ref="N16E0F" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N16E15" part="N16D58" ref="N16E15" type="p"/><cms:entry id="_Toc536622815" part="N16D58" ref="_Toc536622815" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N16E1C" part="N16E1C" ref="N16E1C" type="declaration">Selbständigkeitserklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><title>Modulation unterschiedlicher Formen der Multidrug-Resistenz mittels eines Multitargetmultiribozymes</title><submission>Dissertation</submission><degree>zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>doctor rerum naturalium<br/>(Dr. rer. nat.)<br/>im Fach Biologie</degree><major>eingereicht an der<br/>Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I</major><school>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</school><author>von<br/><suffix>Diplom-Biologin</suffix>
         <given>Petra </given>
         <surname>Kowalski</surname><br/><suffix>geboren am 29.12.1974 in Berlin</suffix>
      </author><p>Prof. Dr. Christoph Markschies<br/>Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</p><dean>Prof. Thomas Buckhout, PhD<br/>Dekan der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät I</dean><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Andreas Herrmann </name>
         <name>PD Dr. rer. nat. Hermann Lage </name>
         <name>PD Dr. med. Carsten Denkert </name>
      </approvals><date>Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 24.05.06</date><abstract lang="de">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p>Die Chemotherapie mit Zytostatika ist eine wichtige Therapieform bei der Behandlung von Krebserkrankungen. Allerdings entwickeln Tumorzellen häufig Resistenzen, meist gegen verschiedene strukturell und funktionell unabhängige Zytostatika; ein Phänomen, das als Multidrug-Resistenz (MDR) bezeichnet wird und die Hauptursache für das Scheitern einer Chemotherapie ist. Mit Hilfe von <em>in vitro</em>-Untersuchungen wurden erhöhte Genexpressionen der ABC-Transporter MDR1, MRP2 und BCRP in verschiedenen MDR-Tumorzellinien als maßgebliche Resistenzfaktoren identifiziert, wie z.B. in den Magenkarzinomzellinien EPG85-257RDB (MDR1) und EPG85-257RNOV (BCRP) sowie in der Ovarialkarzinomzellinie A2780RCIS (MRP2). </p>
         <p>Ziel der Arbeit war die Entwicklung eines auf Ribozym-Technologie basierenden Therapieansatzes, welcher die Expressionen der oben genannten ABC-Transporter simultan inhibiert und dessen Anwendung zur Reversion der zellulären MDR führt. </p>
         <p>Dazu wurde ein Multitargetmultiribozym (MTMR) entwickelt, das aus <em>in trans</em>-aktiven Ribozymen besteht, die gegen die ABC-Transporter mRNAs gerichtet sind sowie aus <em>in cis</em>-spaltenden Ribozymen und aus <em>Spacer</em>-RNA-Sequenzen. Es gelang der Nachweis der autokatalytischen Spaltung des MTMRs, welche zur Freisetzung von <em>in trans</em>-aktiven Ribozymen führte. Die Analyse der kinetischen Parameter des MTMRs ergab, daß die autokatalytisch entstandenen MTMR-Fragmente ihre Substrat-RNAs im Vergleich zu den korrespondierenden Monoribozymen ohne Einbuße an Effizienz spalten können. Darüber hinaus wurde die MTMR-Sequenz stabil in den drei eingangs genannten MDR-Zellinien exprimiert, was in einer signifikanten Reduktion der jeweiligen Ziel-mRNAs (Reduktion der MDR1-mRNA um 97 %, der BCRP-mRNA um 80 %, der MRP2-mRNA um 96 %) und der entsprechenden Proteine resultierte. Die Multidrug-Resistenz konnte aufgrund der MTMR-Expression um 70% (A2780RCIS), 95% (257RNOV) und 100% (257RDB) aufgehoben werden. Analog dazu zeigte sich in den 257RNOV-Zellen eine komplette und in den 257RDB-Zellen eine 90%ige Reversion der jeweiligen Zytostatikumsakkumulation. </p>
         <p>Das MTMR stellt erstmalig ein RNA-Konstrukt dar, welches in der Lage ist, simultan mehrere unabhängige Gene funktionell auszuschalten. Es besitzt daher ein großes Potential sowohl für grundlagenorientierte Forschung als auch zukünftige gentherapeutische Ansätze. </p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="de">
         <keyword>RNA Technologie</keyword>
         <keyword>Ribozyme</keyword>
         <keyword>ABC Transporter</keyword>
         <keyword>MDR</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCG2</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCC2</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCB1</keyword>
      </keywords><abstract lang="en">
         <head>Abstract</head>
         <p>Cancer cells are often insensible against structurally and functionally unrelated drugs that is known as multiple drug resistance (MDR) and the main cause for treatment failure. Overexpression of the ABC-transporters P-gp (ABCB1), MRP2 (ABCC2), and BCRP (ABCG2) is associated with MDR in several cancer cell lines, e.g. in the stomach carcinoma cell lines EPG85-257RDB (P-gp), EPG85-257RNOV (BCRP), and in the ovarian carcinoma cell line A2780RCIS (MRP2). </p>
         <p>We aimed the development of a novel hammerhead ribozyme-based therapeutic approach capable of simultaneous silencing of the prementioned ABC-transporters, and consequently of reversing MDR phenotypes. </p>
         <p>We designed a so-called multitarget multiribozyme (MTMR) consisting of trans-acting hammerhead ribozymes directed against the MDR1, MRP2, and BCRP transcripts, of MDR1 homologous spacer sequences, and of cis-acting ribozymes against the spacer sequences. Autocatalytic cleavage in cis excised the full-length MTMR, and released trans-acting hammerhead ribozymes. We also evaluated the catalytic features of the MTMR using large RNA target molecules. Comparison of the kinetic values of the autocatalytically derived MTMR fragments with those of corresponding mono-ribozymes demonstrated an MTMR-mediated substrate cleavage without distinct loss in catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the MTMR was stably expressed in the prementioned multidrug-resistant cancer cell lines, and decreased the targeted transcripts about 97% (MDR1), 80% (MRP2), and 96% (BCRP) as well as the corresponding protein levels, respectively. Cellular MDR could be reverted about 70% (A2780RCIS), 95% (257RNOV), and 100% (257RDB). Additionally, the MTMR reversed mitoxantrone accumulation entirely, and daunorubicin accumulation about 90% in stomach carcinoma cells, respectively. Taken together, the MTMRs capability of simultaneous silencing of multiple genes provides an effective instrument to knockdown genes of interest.</p>
         
         <p>
            <link id="_Toc536622702"/>
         </p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="en">
         <keyword>RNA technology</keyword>
         <keyword>Ribozymes</keyword>
         <keyword>ABC transporter</keyword>
         <keyword>MDR</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCG2</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCC2</keyword>
         <keyword>ABCB1</keyword>
      </keywords><motto><p>Freudig war, vor vielen Jahren,<br/>Eifrig so der Geist bestrebt,<br/>Zu erforschen, zu erfahren,<br/>Wie Natur im Schaffen lebt.<br/>Und es ist das ewig Eine,<br/>Das sich vielfach offenbart:<br/>Klein das Große, groß das Kleine,<br/>Alles nach der eignen Art,<br/>Immer wechselnd, fest sich haltend,<br/>Nah und fern und fern und nah,<br/>so gestaltend, umgestaltend -<br/>Zum Erstaunen bin ich da.<br/><br/>J. W. Goethe</p></motto><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1</link> Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N100E8">1.1</link> 
               Chemotherapeutische Behandlung maligner Tumoren<ul><li><p><link ref="N100FC">1.1.1</link> 
                  Daunorubicin und Mitoxantron</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10133">1.1.2</link> Cisplatin</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10165">1.2</link> Chemoresistenzen von Tumorzellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N10289">1.2.1</link> 
                  Bedeutung von ABC-Transportern</p></li><li><p><link ref="N103FC">1.2.2</link> Die ABC-Transporter MDR1/P-Gp, BCRP und MRP2<ul><li><p><link ref="N10401">1.2.2.1</link> 
                     MDR1/P-Gp/ABCB1</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1043A">1.2.2.2</link> BCRP/ABCG2</p></li><li><p><link ref="N104A3">1.2.2.3</link> MRP2/ABCC2</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N104E3">1.2.3</link> Tumorzellinien als Untersuchungsmodelle für Resistenzmechanismen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10514">1.3</link> RNA-Technologien zur Genregulation<ul><li><p><link ref="N10547">1.3.1</link> 
                  
                  <em>Antisense</em>-Oligodesnukleotide (AS-ODN)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1055F">1.3.2</link> RNA-Interferenz </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1058E">1.3.3</link> Ribozyme <ul><li><p><link ref="N105E2">1.3.3.1</link> 
                     
                     <em>Hammerhead</em>-Ribozyme<ul><li><p><link ref="N10678">1.3.3.1.1</link> 
                        
                        <em>Hammerhead</em>-Ribozym-Spaltung <em>in cis</em>  und <em>in trans</em>
                     </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10732">1.3.3.2</link> Kinetische Charakterisierung von Ribozymen</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N107C7">1.4</link> Zielstellung der Arbeit</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2</link> Material und Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N108A9">2.1</link> 
               Material<ul><li><p><link ref="N108B1">2.1.1</link> 
                  Geräte</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C51">2.1.2</link> Verbrauchsmaterial</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E5C">2.1.3</link> Chemikalien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11567">2.1.4</link> Radionukleotide</p></li><li><p><link ref="N115BC">2.1.5</link> Enzyme</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11662">2.1.6</link> 
                  Kits </p></li><li><p><link ref="N117A7">2.1.7</link> Synthetisierte DNA-Sequenzen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11963">2.1.8</link> 
                  Plasmide</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11A25">2.1.9</link> Lösungen und Puffer</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E53">2.1.10</link> Medien für die Bakterienkultur</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F30">2.1.11</link> Medien für die Kultur eukaryotischer Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N120D4">2.1.12</link> Software</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12198">2.2</link> Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N1219D">2.2.1</link> 
                  Molekularbiologische Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N121A5">2.2.1.1</link> 
                     Präparation von Plasmid-DNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N121B7">2.2.1.2</link> Bestimmung der Konzentration von Nukleinäure-Lösungen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1223E">2.2.1.3</link> Elektrophoretische Auftrennung von DNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12250">2.2.1.4</link> Elution von DNA-Fragmenten aus Agarosegelen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1225F">2.2.1.5</link> Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12531">2.2.1.6</link> Sekundärstrukturanalyse von RNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1254C">2.2.1.7</link> Herstellung der Substrat-DNA-Matrices</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12564">2.2.1.8</link> Herstellung der MTMR-DNA-Matrix </p></li><li><p><link ref="N12579">2.2.1.9</link> 
                     <em>In vitro-</em>Transkription</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12650">2.2.1.10</link> Polyacrylamid-Gelelektrophorese (PAGE)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1265F">2.2.1.11</link> Elution <em>in vitro</em>-transkribierter RNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12677">2.2.1.12</link> Quantifizierung radioaktiv markierter RNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12802">2.2.1.13</link> 
                     <em>In vitro</em>-RNA-Prozessierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12925">2.2.1.14</link> Berechnung der Reaktionsparameter der ribozymatischen Substratspaltung<ul><li><p><link ref="N12933">2.2.1.14.1</link> 
                        Initialgeschindigkeit und beobachtete Spaltrate</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12B0F">2.2.1.14.2</link> Der Reaktionsparameter k<sub>cat</sub>/k<sub>M</sub> und &#8710;S</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E93">2.2.1.15</link> Präzipitation von DNA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12EAB">2.2.1.16</link> Klonierung des MTMR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12EC3">2.2.1.17</link> Sequenzierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12ED2">2.2.1.18</link> RNA-Isolation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12EE4">2.2.1.19</link> Reverse Transkription</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12EFC">2.2.1.20</link> Quantitative <em>real-time</em> RT-PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12F44">2.2.1.21</link> Protein-Isolation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12F56">2.2.1.22</link> Quantifizierung von Proteinlösungen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12F67">2.2.1.23</link> Western Blot</p></li><li><p><link ref="N130A1">2.2.1.24</link> Entwicklung von Filmen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N130B0">2.2.1.25</link> Dokumentation</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13137">2.2.2</link> Mikrobiologische Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N1313C">2.2.2.1</link> 
                     Kultur von Bakterien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1314E">2.2.2.2</link> Transformation von Bakterien</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13161">2.2.3</link> Arbeit mit eukaryotischen Zellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N13166">2.2.3.1</link> 
                     Kultivierung humaner Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N13185">2.2.3.2</link> Einfrieren von Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N13197">2.2.3.3</link> Transfektion von Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1328A">2.2.3.4</link> Resistenzbestimmung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N13397">2.2.3.5</link> Akkumulation von Zytostatika in Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N133A9">2.2.3.6</link> Immunzytochemische Lokalisation der ABC-Transporter</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3</link> Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N133C7">3.1</link> 
               Entwicklung eines Multitargetmultiribozymes und Applikation im zellfreien System<ul><li><p><link ref="N13417">3.1.1</link> 
                  Auswahl der MTMR-Sequenz </p></li><li><p><link ref="N13606">3.1.2</link> Autokatalyse des MTMR </p></li><li><p><link ref="N1366E">3.1.3</link> Multitargetspaltung der Substrate MDR1sub, BCRPsub, MRP2sub</p></li><li><p><link ref="N138F7">3.1.4</link> Abhängigkeit der MTMR-vermittelten Substratspaltung von der Zeit<ul><li><p><link ref="N139AF">3.1.4.1</link> 
                     Initialgeschwindigkeit (v<sub>ini</sub>) und beobachtete Spaltrate (k<sub>obs</sub>) der Reaktion</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13ACC">3.1.5</link> Abhängigkeit der MTMR-vermittelten Substratspaltung von der MTMR-Konzentration</p></li><li><p><link ref="N13BC3">3.1.6</link> Der Reaktionsparameter k<sub>cat</sub>/k<sub>M</sub>
               </p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1403B">3.2</link> 
               Anwendung des MTMR in verschiedenen Zellsystemen<ul><li><p><link ref="N14043">3.2.1</link> 
                  Klonierung des MTMR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1406B">3.2.2</link> Expression des MTMR in stabilen Transfektanten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1409B">3.2.3</link> Zelluläre Effekte der MTMR-Expression<ul><li><p><link ref="N140A3">3.2.3.1</link> 
                     Expression der ABC-Transporter<ul><li><p><link ref="N140B7">3.2.3.1.1</link> 
                        Quantitative Analyse der ABC-Transporter mRNA-Expression </p></li><li><p><link ref="N14291">3.2.3.1.2</link> Effekt des MTMR auf die ABC-Transporter Proteinexpression </p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14378">3.2.4</link> Zytotoxizität der Ausgangszellinien und Transfektanten gegenüber verschiedenen Zytostatika</p></li><li><p><link ref="N147D1">3.2.5</link> Akkumulation verschiedenener Zytostatika in Ausgangszellinien und Transfektanten</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4</link> Diskussion <ul><li><p><link ref="N14858">4.1</link> 
               Idee und Hintergrund der Multitarget-Spaltung<ul><li><p><link ref="N148D5">4.1.1</link> 
                  Das Multitargetmultiribozym-Reaktionssystem</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1490E">4.1.2</link> Konstruktion des MTMRs</p></li><li><p><link ref="N149A5">4.1.3</link> Auswahl der Ziel-RNA-Sequenzen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N149C4">4.2</link> Aktivität des <em>in vitro</em>-transkribierten MTMR<ul><li><p><link ref="N149ED">4.2.1</link> 
                  Bewertung des <em>in vitro</em>-transkribierten MTMRs im zellfreien System</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14A0F">4.3</link> 
               Anwendung des MTMRs in verschiedenen Zellsystemen<ul><li><p><link ref="N14A1A">4.3.1</link> 
                  Etablierung stabiler MTMR- und Kontroll-Transfektanten der Zellinien 257RNOV, 257RDB und A2780RCIS<ul><li><p><link ref="N14A3D">4.3.1.1</link> 
                     Auswahl des Vektorsystemes und Klonierung der MTMR-Sequenz</p></li><li><p><link ref="N14ADC">4.3.1.2</link> Generierung stabiler Transfektanten</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14AEF">4.3.2</link> Funktionelle Untersuchungen der Transfektanten<ul><li><p><link ref="N14AF4">4.3.2.1</link> 
                     Resistenzverhalten der Transfektanten</p></li><li><p><link ref="N14B85">4.3.2.2</link> Akkumulationsverhalten der Transfektanten</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14B9E">4.3.3</link> ABC-Transporter-&#8222;Restaktivität&#8220; und alternative MDR-Mechanismen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14C1A">4.4</link> Ribozyme <em>versus</em>
               <em>Antisense</em>-Technologie und RNAi</p></li><li><p><link ref="N14E40">4.5</link> Ausblick</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14E77">Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N160EC">Abkürzungen und Kurzdefinitionen</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N16B20">Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N16B3B">Lebenslauf</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N16D58">Publikationen</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N16E1C">Selbständigkeitserklärung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N102BA">
                        Tabelle 1: Chemotherapeutika-transportierende ABC-Transporter</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11982">
                        Tabelle 2: Plasmide</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F3D">
                        Tabelle 3: Eukaryotische Zellen</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12275">
                           Tabelle 4: PCR-Ansätze</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N123E4">
                           Tabelle 5: Detailangaben für verschiedene PCRs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1281A">
                           Tabelle 6: Reaktionsbedingungen bei der RNA-Prozessierung <em>in vitro</em>
                        </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12F86">
                           Tabelle 7: Antikörper für Western Blots</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N132A3">
                           Tabelle 8: Konzentrationen der im Proliferationsversuch eingesetzten Zytostatika</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N134A3">
                        Tabelle 9: Funktionelle Domänen des anti-ABC-Transporter-MTMR</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N136C9">
                        Tabelle 10: Identifikation der Autokatalyseprodukte MTMRa-e (Kowalski <em>et al</em>., 2005).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13CCE">
                        Tabelle 11: Kinetische Parameter von MTMR-Fragmenten und Monoribozymen (nach Kowalski <em>et al.</em>, 2005)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N140D9">
                              Tabelle 12: ABC-Transporterexpression in MTMR-exprimierenden Zellinien</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14405">
                        Tabelle 13: IC<sub>50</sub>-Werte und Resistenzfaktoren der untersuchten Zellinien</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14C36">
                     Tabelle 14: Relative Stärken und Schwächen verschiedener RNA-Technologien </link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N1010C">
                        Abbildung 1: Strukturformeln von Daunorubicin (A) und Mitoxantron (B)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10143">
                        Abbildung 2: Strukturformel von Cisplatin</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10254">
                     Abbildung 3: Mechanismen der Chemoresistenz (verändert nach Gottesman, 2002)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10533">
                     Abbildung 4: RNA-Technologien zur Geninhibition (verändert nach: Kurreck, 2003)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10604">
                           Abbildung 5: Struktur eines <em>Hammerhead-</em>Ribozymes</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N106C4">
                              Abbildung 6: Ribozymatische Spaltung <em>in cis</em> und <em>in  trans</em>
                           </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10784">
                           Abbildung 7: Wege der Ribozymreaktion (nach Stage-Zimmermann and Uhlenbeck, 1998)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N135CF">
                        Abbildung 8: Schematische Darstellung des MTMR</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N135E2">
                        Abbildung 9: Sekundärstruktur des MTMR</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13619">
                        Abbildung 10: <em>In vitro</em> Transkription der Substrat-RNAs und des MTMR </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13644">
                        Abbildung 11: Autokatalyse des MTMR</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1368A">
                        Abbildung 12: Spezifische Spaltung des Substrates MDR1sub durch die MTMR-Fragmente MTMRa-e</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1369D">
                        Abbildung 13: Spezifische Spaltung des Substrates BCRPsub durch die MTMR-Fragmente MTMRa-e</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N136B3">
                        Abbildung 14: Spezifische Spaltung des Substrates MRP2sub durch die MTMR-Fragmente MTMRa-e</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13907">
                        Abbildung 15: MTMR vermittelte Spaltung von der Substrat-RNAs in Abhängigkeit von der Reaktionszeit</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N139EF">
                           Abbildung 16: Der Reaktionsparameter k<sub>obs</sub> für die Katalyse der Substrat-RNAs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13AE1">
                        Abbildung 17: Konzentrationsabhängige Reaktionskinetiken der Katalyse der Substrat-RNAs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13B97">
                        Abbildung 18: Molarer Stoffumsatz der MTMR-vermittelten Substratspaltung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N13BE5">
                        Abbildung 19: Der Reaktionsparameter k<sub>cat</sub>/k<sub>M</sub> für die Katalyse der Substrat-RNAs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14059">
                        Abbildung 20: Vektorkarte von pIRES2/MTMR (Vekorkarte online unter: www.bd.com)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14080">
                        Abbildung 21: Aldolase- und Vektor-spezifische RT-PCRs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N141FA">
                              Abbildung 22: Quantifizierung der ABC-Transporter mRNAs</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N142A4">Abbildung 23: Bestimmung des ABC-Transporter-Proteingehaltes durch Western Blots</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N142FD">
                              Abbildung 24: Immunzytochemische Detektion der ABC-Transporter</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14391">
                        Abbildung 25: Zytotoxitität der untersuchten Zellinien </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N147DE">
                        Abbildung 26: Akkumulation von Daunorubicin und Mitoxantron </link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>