| Krüger, Hagen: Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen zu Einflüssen von ionotropen Glutamatantagonisten sowie 5-HT1A-Agonisten auf die Kaliumchlorid-induzierte spreading depression im neokortikalen Hirnschnittpräparat der adulten Ratte |
84
Abbrachio MP, Ongini E, Memo M (1999 ) "Disclosing apoptosis in the CNS." Trends Pharmacol Sci 20 :129-131 .
Aitken PG, Jing J, Young J, Somjen GG (1991 ) "Ion channel involvement in hypoxia-induced spreading depression in hippocampal slices." Brain Res 541 :7-11 .
Alexander SPH, Peters JA (1999 ) "1999 Receptor & ion channel nomenclature supplement." Trends Pharmacol Sci Suppl :1-106 .
Amemori T, Gorelova NA, Bures J (1987 ) "Spreading depression in the olfactory bulb of rats: reliable initiation and boundaries of propagation." Neuroscience 22 :29-36 .
Andrade R, Malenka RC, Nicoll RA (1986 ) "A G protein couples serotonin and GABAB receptors to the same channels in hippocampus." Science 234 :1261-1265 .
Andrade R, Nicoll RA (1987 ) "Pharmacologically distinct actions of serotonin on single pyramidal neurones of the rat hippocampus recorded in vitro." J Physiol (Lond ) 394 :99-124 .
Ankarcrona M, Dypbukt JM, Bonfoco E, Zhivotovsky B, Orrenius S, Lipton SA, Nicotera P (1995 ) "Glutamate-induced neuronal death: a succession of necrosis or apoptosis depending on mitochondrial function." Neuron 15 :961-973 .
Araneda R, Andrade R (1991 ) "5-Hydroxytryptamine2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors mediate opposing responses on membrane excitability in rat association cortex." Neuroscience 40 :399-412 .
Astrup J, Siesjö BK, Symon L (1981 ) "Thresholds in cerebral ischemia - the ischemic penumbra." Stroke 12 :723
Auer LM, Leber K, Sayama I (1985 ) "Effect of serotonin and its antagonist ketanserin on pial vessels." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 5 :517-522 .
Aurora SK, Ahmad BK, Welch KM, Bhardhwaj P, Ramadan NM (1998 ) "Transcranial magnetic stimulation confirms hyperexcitability of occipital cortex in migraine." Neurol 50 :1111-1114 .
Avoli M, Louvel J, Drapeau C, Pumain R, Kurcewicz I (1995 ) "GABAA-mediated inhibition and in vitro epileptogenesis in the human neocortex." J Neurophysiol 73 :468-484 .
Back T, Ginsberg MD, Dietrich WD, Watson BD (1996 ) "Induction of spreading depression in the ischemic hemisphere following experimental middle cerebral artery occlusion: Effect on infarct morphology." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :202-213 .
Back T, Kohno K, Hossmann K-A (1994 ) "Cortical negative DC deflections following middle cerebral artery occlusion and KCl-induced spreading depression: effect on blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and electroencephalogram." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14 :12-19 .
Barres BA (1991 ) "New roles for glia." J Neurosci 11 :3685-3694 .
Bazan NG, Allan G (1996 ) "Platelet-activating factor is both a modulator of synaptic function and a mediator of cerebral injury and inflammation." Adv Neurol 71 :475-82 ; discussion 482-4 .
Bear MF, Malenka RC (1994 ) "Synaptic plasticity: LTP and LTD." Curr Opin Neurobiol 4 :389-399 .
Berger K, Schulte H, Stogbauer F, Assmann G (1998 ) "Incidence and risk factors for stroke in an occupational cohort: the PROCAM Study. Prospective Cardiovascular Muenster Study." Stroke 29 :1562-1566 .
Bickler PE, Hansen BM (1994 ) "Causes of calcium accumulation in rat cortical brain slices during hypoxia and ischemia: Role of ion channels and membrane damage." Brain Res 665 :269-276 .
Bielenberg GW, Burkhardt M (1990 ) "5-hydroxytryptamine1A agonists. A new therapeutic principle for stroke treatment." Stroke 21 :IV161-3 .
Blau JN (1992 ) "Migraine: Theories of pathogenesis." Lancet 339 :1202-1204 .
85
Bode-Greuel KM, Klisch J, Horváth E, Glaser T, Traber J (1990 ) "Effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A-receptor agonists on hippocampal damage after transient forebrain ischemia in the Mongolian gerbil." Stroke 21 Suppl.IV164-IV166 .Bonfoco E, Krainc D, Ankarcrona M, Nicotera P, Lipton SA (1995 ) "Apoptosis and necrosis: two distinct events induced, respectively, by mild and intense insults with N-methyl-D-aspartate or nitric oxide/superoxide in cortical cell cultures." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92 :7162-7166 .
Brand S, Fernandes de Lima VM, Hanke W (1998 ) "Pharmacological modulation of the refractory period of retinal spreading depression." Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 357 :419-425 .
Branston NM, Strong A, Symon L (1977 ) "Extracellular potassium, evoked potential and tissue blood flow." J Neurol Sci 32 :305-321 .
Buchan AM, Lesiuk H, Barnes KA, Li H, Huang Z-G, Smith KE, Xue D (1993 ) "AMPA antagonists: do they hold more promise for clinical stroke trials than NMDA- antagonists ?" Stroke 24 :I-148-I-152 .
Buchan AM, Xue D, Huang ZG, Smith KH, Lesiuk H (1991 ) "Delayed AMPA receptor blockade reduces cerebral infarction induced by focal ischemia." Neuroreport 2 :473-476 .
Burnet PWJ, Eastwood SL, Lacey K, Harrison PJ (1995 ) "The distribution of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptor mRNA in human brain." Brain Res 676 :157-168 .
Carolei A, Marini C, De Matteis G (1996 ) "History of migraine and risk of cerebral ischaemia in young adults. The Italian National Research Council Study Group on Stroke in the Young." Lancet 347 :1503-6X .
Chagnac-Amitai Y, Connors BW (1989 ) "Horizontal spread of synchronized activity in neocortex and its control by GABA-mediated inhibition." J Neurophysiol 61 :747-758 .
Chang CL, Donaghy M, Poulter N (1999 ) "Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study." BMJ 318 :13-18X .
Chen J, Nagayama T, Jin K, Stetler RA, Zhu RL, Graham SH, Simon RP (1998 ) "Induction of caspase-3-like protease may mediate delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia." J Neurosci 18 :4914-4928 .
Chen L, Huang L-YM (1992 ) "Protein kinase C reduces Mg2+ block of NMDA--receptor channels as a mechanism of modulation." Nature 356 :521-523 .
Choi DW (1992 ) "Excitotoxic cell death." J Neurobiol 23 :1261-1276 .
Choudhri TF, Hoh BL, Zerwes HG, Prestigiacomo CJ, Kim SC, Connolly ES, Kottirsch G, Pinsky DJ (1998 ) "Reduced microvascular thrombosis and improved outcome in acute murine stroke by inhibiting GP IIb/IIIa receptor- mediated platelet aggregation." J Clin Invest 102 :1301-1310 .
Christensen T, Jorgensen MB, Diemer NH (1993 ) "Impairment of Fos protein formation in the rat infarct borderzone by MK-801, but not by NBQX." Acta Neurol Scand 87 :510-515 .
Clark GD, Clifford DB, Zorumski CF (1990 ) "The effect of agonist concentration, membrane voltage and calcium on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor desensitization." Neuroscience 39 :787-797 .
Clarke VR, Ballyk BA, Hoo KH, Mandelzys A, Pellizzari A, Bath CP, Thomas J, Sharpe EF, Davies CH, Ornstein PL, Schoepp DD, Kamboj RK, Collingridge GL, Lodge D, Bleakman D (1997 ) "A hippocampal GluR5 kainate receptor regulating inhibitory synaptic transmission." Nature 389 :599-603 .
Cohen GM (1997 ) "Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis." Biochem J 326 :1-16 .
Collingridge GL, Bliss TVP (1987 ) "NMDA- receptors - their role in long-term potentiation." Trends Neurosci 10 :288-293 .
Connolly ES, Jr., Winfree CJ, Springer TA, Naka Y, Liao H, Yan SD, Stern DM, Solomon RA, Gutierrez-Ramos JC, Pinsky DJ (1996 ) "Cerebral protection in homozygous null ICAM-1 mice after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Role of neutrophil adhesion in the pathogenesis of stroke." J Clin Invest 97 :209-216 .
Cotman CW, Monaghan DT, Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J (1987 ) "Anatomical organization of excitatory amino acid receptors and their pathways." Trends Neurosci 10 :273-280 .
86
Cousin MA, Hurst H, Nicholls DG (1997 ) "Presynaptic calcium channels and field-evoked transmitter exocytosis from cultured cerebellar granule cells." Neuroscience 81 :151-161 .Creutzfeldt OD, Kuhnt U (1973 ) "Electrophysiology and topographical distribution of visual evoked potentials in animals." In: Handbook of sensory physiology (Autrum H, Jung R, Loewenstein WR, Mac Kay DM, Teuber HL eds), pp 595-646 . Berlin, Heidelberg, New York : Springer Verlag .
Csiba L, Paschen W, Mies G (1985 ) "Regional changes in tissue pH and glucose content during cortical spreading in rat brain." Brain Res 336 :167-170 .
Davis M, Whitely T, Turnbull DM, Mendelow AD (1997 ) "Selective impairments of mitochondrial respiratory chain activity during aging and ischemic brain damage." Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 70 :56-58 .
Davis SM, Albers GW, Diener HC, Lees KR, Norris J (1997 ) "Termination of Acute Stroke Studies Involving Selfotel Treatment. ASSIST Steering Committed." Lancet 349 :32
Dawson VL, Dawson TM (1996 ) "Nitric oxide neurotoxicity." J Chem Neuroanat 10 :179-190 .
De Vry J, Dietrich H, Glaser T, Heine HG, Horváth E, Jork R, Maertins T, Mauler F, Opitz W, Scherling D, Schohe-Loop R, Schwarz T (1997 ) "Bay x 3702." Drugs Fut 22 :341-349 .
del Olmo E, Lopez-Gimenez JF, Vilaros MT, Mengod G, Palacios JM, Pazos A (1998 ) "Early localization of mRNA coding for 5-HT1A receptors in human brain during development." Brain Res Mol Brain Res 60 :123-126 .
Del Zoppo GJ (1996 ) "The role of adhesion molecules in acute cerebral ischemia." In: Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia 1996 (Krieglstein J ed), pp 393-404 . Stuttgart : medpharm Scientific Publishers .
Dermietzel R, Spray DC (1993 ) "Gap junctions in the brain: Where, what type, how many and why." Trends Neurosci 16 :186-192 .
Dietrich WD, Feng ZC, Leistra H, Watson BD, Rosenthal M (1994 ) "Photothrombotic infarction triggers multiple episodes of cortical spreading depression in distant brain regions." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14 :20-28 .
Dietzel I, Heinemann U, Hofmeier G, Lux HD (1980 ) "Transient changes in the size of the extracellular space in the sensorimotor cortex of cats in relation to stimulus induced changes in potassium concentration." Exp Brain Res 40 :432-439 .
Domann R, Hagemann G, Kraemer M, Freund H-J, Witte OW (1993 ) "Electrophysiological changes in the surrounding brain tissue of photochemically induced cortical infarcts in the rat." Neurosci Lett 155 :69-72 .
Du C, Hu R, Csernansky CA, Hsu CY, Choi DW (1996 ) "Very delayed infarction after mild focal cerebral ischemia: a role for apoptosis?" J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :195-201 .
Dunlap K, Luebke JI, Turner TJ (1995 ) "Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons." Trends Neurosci 18 :89-98 .
Ekholm A, Asplund B, Siesjö BK (1992 ) "Perturbation of cellular energy state in complete ischemia: Relationship to dissipative ion fluxes." Exp Brain Res 90 :47-53 .
Els T, Röther J, Beaulieu C, De Crespigny A, Moseley M (1997 ) "Hyperglycemia delays terminal depolarization and enhances repolarization after peri-infarct spreading depression as measured by serial diffusion MR mapping." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 17 :591-595 .
Endres M, Namura S, Shimizu-Sasamata M, Waeber C, Zhang L, Gomez-Isla T, Hyman BT, Moskowitz MA (1998 ) "Attenuation of delayed neuronal death after mild focal ischemia in mice by inhibition of the caspase family." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18 :238-247 .
Erecinska M, Silver IA (1994 ) "Ions and energy in mammalian brain." Prog Neurobiol 43 :37-71 .
Feldman ML (1984 ) "Morphology of the neocortical pyramidal neuron." In: Cerebral Cortex (Peters A, Jones EG eds), pp 123-253 . New York and London : Plenum Press .
Ferro-Novick S, Jahn R (1994 ) "Vesicle fusion from yeast to man." Nature 370 :191-193 .
87
Feuerstein GZ, Wang X, Barone FC (1996 ) "Inflammation related gene expression and stroke: implications for new therapeutic targets" . In: Pharmacology of cerebral ischemia 1986 (Krieglstein J ed), pp 405-420 . Stuttgart : medpharm Scientific publisher .Fieschi C, Argentino C, Lenzi GL, Sacchetti ML, Toni D, Bozzao L (1989 ) "Clinical and instrumental evaluation of patients with ischemic stroke within the first six hours." J Neurol Sci 91 :311-321 .
Fletcher A, Cliffe IA, Dourish CT (1993 ) "Silent 5-HT1A receptor antagonists: Utility as research tools and therapeutic agents." Trends Pharmacol Sci 14 :441-448 .
Furlan M, Marchal G, Viader F, Derlon JM, Baron JC (1996 ) "Spontaneous neurological recovery after stroke and the fate of the ischemic penumbra." Ann Neurol 40 :216-226 .
Ganong WF (1997 ) "Cerebral Circulation." In: Review of Medical Physiology (pp 567-575 . Stamford,CT: Appleton & Lange .
Gardner-Medwin AR, Van Bruggen N, Williams SR, Ahier RG (1994 ) "Magnetic resonance imaging of propagating waves of spreading depression in the anaesthetised rat." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14 :7-11 .
Gehrmann J, Mies G, Bonnekoh P, Banati R, Iijima T, Kreutzberg GW, Hossmann KA (1993 ) "Microglial reaction in the rat cerebral cortex induced by cortical spreading depression." Brain Pathol 3 :11-17 .
Gido G, Katsura K, Kristian T, Siesjö BK (1993 ) "Influence of plasma glucose concentration on rat brain extracellular calcium transients during spreading depression." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13 :179-182 .
Giffard RG, Monyer H, Christine CW, Choi DW (1990 ) "Acidosis reduces NMDA- receptor activation, glutamate neurotoxicity, and oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury in cortical cultures." Brain Res 506 :339-342 .
Gill R, Andine P, Hillered L, Persson L, Hagberg H (1992 ) "The effect of MK-801 on cortical spreading depression in the penumbral zone following focal ischaemia in the rat." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12 :371-379 .
Gill R, Nordholm L, Lodge D (1992 ) "The neuroprotective actions of 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) in a rat focal ischaemia model." Brain Res 580 :35-43 .
Gorelova NA, Koroleva VI, Amemori T, Pavlik V, Bures J (1987 ) "Ketamine blockade of cortical spreading depression in rats." Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 66 :440-447 .
Gozlan H, El Mestikawy S, Pichat L, Glowinski J, Hamon M (1983 ) "Identification of presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors using a new ligand: 3H-PAT." Nature 305 :140-142 .
Grafstein B (1956 ) "Mechanism of spreading cortical depression." J Neurophysiol 19 :154-171 .
Grandati M, Verrecchia C, Allix M, Boulu RG, Plotkine M (1996 ) "NO-Synthase activities in mice following transient focal cerebral ischemia." In: Pharmacology of Cerebral Ischemia 1996 (Krieglstein J ed), pp 217-224 . Stuttgart : medpharm Scientific Publishers .
Green DR, Reed JC (1998 ) "Mitochondria and apoptosis." Science 281 : 1309-1312 .
Greengard P, Valtorta F, Czernik AJ, Benfenati F (1993 ) "Synaptic vesicle phosphoproteins and regulation of synaptic function." Science 259 :780-785 .
Guglielmo MA, Chan PT, Cortez S, Stopa EG, McMillan P, Johanson CE, Epstein M, Doberstein CE (1998 ) "The temporal profile and morphologic features of neuronal death in human stroke resemble those observed in experimental forebrain ischemia: the potential role of apoptosis." Neurol Res 20 :283-296 .
Hablitz JJ, Heinemann U (1989 ) "Alterations in the microenvironment during spreading depression associated with epileptiform activity in the immature neocortex." Dev Brain Res 46 :243-252 .
Hall JM, Smith DM (1998 ) "Calcitonin gene-related peptide - a new concept in receptor-ligand specifity?" Trends Pharmacol Sci 19 :303-305 .
Hansen AJ (1985 ) "Effect of anoxia on ion distribution in the brain." Physiol Rev 65 :101-148 .
Hasegawa Y, Latour LL, Formato JE, Sotak CH, Fisher M (1995 ) "Spreading waves of a reduced diffusion coefficient of water in normal and ischemic rat brain." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 15 :179-187 .
88
Haselgrove JC, Bashford CL, Barlow CH, Quistorff B, Chance B, Mayevsky A (1990 ) "Time resolved 3-dimensional recording of redox ratio during spreading depression in gerbil brain." Brain Res 506 :109-114 .Hatashita T, Ito M, Miyaoka M, Ishii S (1990 ) "Chronological alterations of regional cerebral blood flow, glucose utilization, and edema formation after focal ischemia in hypertensive and normotensive rats. Significance of hypertension." Adv Neurol 52 :29-37X .
Heiss WD, Thiel A, Grond M, Graf R (1999 ) "Contribution of immediate and delayed ischaemic damage to the volume of final infarcts." Lancet 353 :1677-1678 .
Hernández-Caceres J, Macias-Gonzalez R, Brozek G, Bures J (1987 ) "Systemic ketamine blocks cortical spreading depression but does not delay the onset of terminal anoxic depolarization in rats." Brain Res 437 :360-364 .
Herrera DG, Maysinger D, Gadient R, Boeckh C, Otten U, Cuello AC (1993 ) "Spreading depression induces c-fos-like immunoreactivity and NGF mRNA in the rat cerebral cortex." Brain Res 602 :99-103 .
Herreras O, Somjen GG (1993 ) "Analysis of potential shifts associated with recurrent spreading depression and prolonged unstable spreading depression induced by microdialysis of elevated K+ in hippocampus of anesthetized rats." Brain Res 610 :283-294 .
Herreras O, Somjen GG (1993 ) "Propagation of spreading depression among dendrites and somata of the same cell population." Brain Res 610 :276-282 .
Hildebrand C, Remahl S, Persson H, Bjartmar C (1993 ) "Myelinated nerve fibres in the CNS." Prog Neurobiol 40 :319-384 .
Hollmann M, Hartley M, Heinemann S (1991 ) "Ca2+ permeability of KA-AMPA--gated glutamate receptor channels depends on subunit composition." Science 252 :851-853 .
Hollmann M, Heinemann S (1994 ) "Cloned glutamate receptors." Annu Rev Neurosci 17 :31-108 .
Hossmann KA (1994 ) "Viability thresholds and the penumbra of focal ischemia." Ann Neurol 36 :557-565 .
Hossmann KA (1996 ) "Periinfarct depolarizations." Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 8 :195-208 .
Houser CR, Vaughn JE, Hendry SHC, Jones EG, Peters A (1984 ) "GABA neurons in the cerebral cortex." In: Cerebral Cortex , Vol. 2 (Jones EG, Peters A eds), pp 63-89 . New York and London : Plenum Press .
Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1959 ) "Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat´s striate cortex." J Physiol (Lond) 148 :574-591 .
Hubel DH, Wiesel TN (1962 ) "Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat´s visual cortex." J Physiol (Lond) 160 :106-154 .
Hwa GGC, Avoli M (1992 ) "Excitatory postsynaptic potentials recorded from regular-spiking cells in layers II/III of rat sensorimotor cortex." J Neurophysiol 67 :728-737 .
Iijima T, Mies G, Hossmann K-A (1992 ) "Repeated negative DC deflections in rat cortex following middle cerebral artery occlusion are abolished by MK-801: effect on volume of ischemic injury." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12 :727-733 .
Iijima T, Shimase C, Sawa H, Sankawa H (1998 ) "Spreading depression induces depletion of MAP2 in area CA3 of the hippocampus in a rat unilateral carotid artery occlusion model." J Neurotrauma 15 :277-284 .
Jansen I, Edvinsson L, Mortensen A, Olesen J (1992 ) "Sumatriptan is a potent vasoconstrictor of human dural arteries via a 5-HT1-like receptor." Cephalalgia 12 :202-205 .
Jellinger K, Riederer P, Kothbauer P (1978 ) "Changes of some putative neurotransmitters in human cerebral infarction." J Neural Transm Suppl 31-44 .
Jing J, Aitken PG, Somjen GG (1993 ) "Role of calcium channels in spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices." Brain Res 604 :251-259 .
Kariko K, Harris VA, Rangel Y, Duvall ME, Welsh FA (1998 ) "Effect of cortical spreading depression on the levels of mRNA coding for putative neuroprotective proteins in rat brain." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18 :1308-1315 .
89
Katsuki H, Okuda S (1995 ) "Arachidonic acid as a neurotoxic and neurotrophic substance." Prog Neurobiol 46 :607-636 .Katsura K, Rodriguez de Turco EB, Folbergrova J, Bazan NG, Siesjö BK (1993 ) "Coupling among energy failure, loss of ion homeostasis, and phospholipase A2 and C activation during ischemia." J Neurochem 61 :1677-1684 .
Kawahara N, Croll SD, Wiegand SJ, Klatzo I (1997 ) "Cortical spreading depression induces long-term alterations of BDNF levels in cortex and hippocampus distinct from lesion effects: implications for ischemic tolerance." Neurosci Res 29 :37-47 .
Kawasaki K, Czeh G, Somjen GG (1988 ) "Prolonged exposure to high potassium concentration results in irreversible loss of synaptic transmission in hippocamapal tissue slices." Brain Res 457 :322-329 .
Keller JN, Kindy MS, Holtsberg FW, St Clair DK, Yen HC, Germeyer A, Steiner SM, Bruce-Keller AJ, Hutchins JB, Mattson MP (1998 ) "Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase prevents neural apoptosis and reduces ischemic brain injury: suppression of peroxynitrite production, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial dysfunction." J Neurosci 18 :687-97X .
Kishimoto T, Yamanaka T, Amano T, Todo N, Sasa M (1994 ) "5-HT1A receptor-mediated inhibition of lateral vestibular nucleus neurons projecting to the abducens nucleus." Brain Res 644 :47-51 .
Kocher M (1990 ) "Metabolic and hemodynamic activation of postischemic rat brain by cortical spreading depression." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10 :564-571 .
Kokaia Z, Zhao Q, Kokaia M, Elmer E, Metsis M, Smith ML, Siesjö BK, Lindvall O (1995 ) "Regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with and without brain damage." Exp Neurol 136 :73-88 .
Koroleva VI, Bures J (1996 ) "The use of spreading depression waves for acute and long-term monitoring of the penumbra zone of focal ischemic damage in rats." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 :3710-3714 .
Kraig RP, Dong L, Thisted R, Jaeger CB (1991 ) "Spreading depression increases immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic protein." J Neurosci 11 :2187-2198 .
Kraig RP, Nicholson C (1978 ) "Extracellular ionic variations during spreading depression." Neuroscience 3 :1045-1059 .
Kral T, Luhmann HJ, Mittmann T, Heinemann U (1993 ) "Role of NMDA- receptors and voltage-activated calcium channels in an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia." Brain Res 612 : S. 278-288 .
Kreutzberg GW (1996 ) "Microglia: a sensor for pathological events in the CNS." Trends Neurosci 8 :312-318 .
Kristian T, Siesjö BK (1998 ) "Calcium in ischemic cell death." Stroke 29 :705-718 .
Krivanek J, Koroleva VI (1996 ) "Protein kinase C in the rat cerebral cortex during spreading depression." Neurosci Lett 210 :79-82 .
Lambert JDC, Jones RSG, Andreasen M, Jensen MS, Heinemann U (1989 ) "The role of excitatory amino acids in synaptic transmission in the hippocampus." Comp Biochem Physiol [A] 93A :195-201 .
Lauritzen M (1994 ) "Pathophysiology of the migraine aura. The spreading depression theory." Brain 117 :199-210 .
Lauritzen M, Hansen AJ (1992 ) "The effect of glutamate receptor blockade on anoxic depolarization and cortical spreading depression." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 12 :223-229 .
Lauritzen M, Jorgensen MB, Diemer NH, Gjedde A, Hansen AJ (1982 ) "Persistent oligemia of rat cerebral cortex in the wake of spreading depression." Ann Neurol 12 :469-474 .
Lauritzen M, Olesen J (1984 ) "Regional cerebral blood flow during migraine attacks by xenon-133 inhalation and emission tomography." Brain 107 :447-461 .
Leão AAP (1944 ) "Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex." J Neurophysiol 7 :359-390 .
Leão AAP (1947 ) "Further observations on the spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex." J Neurophysiol 10 :409-414 .
90
Lin B, Ginsberg MD, Busto R, Dietrich WD (1998 ) "Sequential analysis of subacute and chronic neuronal, astrocytic and microglial alterations after transient global ischemia in rats." Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 95 :511-523 .Lindvall O, Ernfors P, Bengzon J, Kokaia Z, Smith ML, Siesjö BK, Persson H (1992 ) "Differential regulation of mRNAs for nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3 in the adult rat brain following cerebral ischemia and hypoglycemic coma." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89 :648-652 .
Lipton SA, Choi Y-B, Pan Z-H, Lei SZ, Chen H-SV, Sucher NJ, Loscalzo J, Singel DJ, Stamler JS (1993 ) "A redox-based mechanism for the neuroprotective and neurodestructive effects of nitric oxide and related nitroso-compounds." Nature 364 :626-632 .
Lipton SA, Rosenberg PA (1994 ) "Excitatory amino acids as a final common pathway for neurologic disorders." N Engl J Med 330 :613-622 .
Liu YF, Albert PR (1991 ) "Cell-specific signaling of the 5-HT1A receptor. Modulation by protein kinases C and A." J Biol Chem 266 :23689-97X .
Lo EH, Bosque-Hamilton P, Meng W (1998 ) "Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: reduction of ischemic injury and attenuation of N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neurotransmitter dysregulation." Stroke 29 :830-836 .
Luhmann HJ (1993 ): Ontogenese und Pathophysiologie des GABAergen Systems im Neokortex. Habilitationsschrift Universität zu Köln .
Luhmann HJ (1996 ) "Ischemia and lesion induced imbalances in cortical function." Prog Neurobiol 48 :131-166 .
Luhmann HJ, Heinemann U (1992 ) "Hypoxia-induced functional alterations in adult rat neocortex." J Neurophysiol 67 :798-811 .
Luhmann HJ, Kral T, Heinemann U (1993 ) "Influence of hypoxia on excitation and GABAergic inhibition in mature and developing rat neocortex." Exp Brain Res 97 :209-224 .
Madl JE, Burgesser K (1993 ) "Adenosine triphosphate depletion reverses sodium-dependent, neuronal uptake of glutamate in rat hippocampal slices." J Neurosci 13 :4429-4444 .
Marchal G, Beaudouin V, Rioux P, de la Sayette V, Viader F, Derlon JM, Baron JC (1996 ) "Prolonged persistence of substantial volumes of potentially viable brain tissue after stroke: a correlative PET-CT study with voxel-based data analysis." Stroke 27 :599-606 .
Margaill I, Parmentier S, Callebert J, Allix M, Boulu RG, Plotkine M (1996 ) "Short therapeutic window for MK-801 in transient focal cerebral ischemia in normotensive rats." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :107-113 .
Marler JR (1995 ) "Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. For the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group." N Engl J Med 333 :1581-1587 .
Marrannes R, Willems R, De Prins E, Wauquier A (1988 ) "Evidence for a role of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA-) receptor in cortical spreading depression in the rat." Brain Res 457 :226-240 .
Matsumoto RR (1989 ) "GABA receptors: Are cellular differences reflected in function." Brain Res Rev 14 :203-225 .
Matsushima K, Hogan MJ, Hakim AM (1996 ) "Cortical spreading depression protects against subsequent focal cerebral ischemia in rats." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :221-226 .
Matsushita K, Matsuyama T, Kitagawa K, Matsumoto M, Yanagihara T, Sugita M (1998 ) "Alterations of Bcl-2 family proteins precede cytoskeletal proteolysis in the penumbra, but not in infarct centres following focal cerebral ischemia in mice." Neuroscience 83 :439-448 .
Mayevsky A, Doron A, Manor T, Meilin S, Zarchin N, Ouaknine GE (1996 ) "Cortical spreading depression recorded from the human brain using a multiparametric monitoring system." Brain Res 740 :268-274 .
Mayevsky A, Weiss HR (1991 ) "Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in cortical spreading depression." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 11 :829-836 .
McLachlan RS (1992 ) "Suppression of spreading depression of Leao in neocortex by an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist." Can J Neurol Sci 19 :487-491 .
Meyer FB (1989 ) "Calcium, neuronal hyperexcitability and ischemic injury." Brain Res Rev 14 :227-243 .
91
Mies G (1993 ) "Inhibition of protein synthesis during repetitive cortical spreading depression." J Neurochem 60 :360-363 .Mies G, Iijima T, Hossmann K-A (1993 ) "Correlation between peri-infarct DC shifts and ischaemic neuronal damage in rat." Neuroreport 4 :709-711 .
Mies G, Kohno K, Hossmann K-A (1994 ) "Prevention of periinfarct direct current shifts with glutamate antagonist NBQX following occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 14 :802-807 .
Mies G, Paschen W (1984 ) "Regional changes of blood flow, glucose, and ATP content determined on brain sections during a single passage of spreading depression in rat brain cortex." Eur Neurol 84 :249-258 .
Miettinen S, Fusco FR, Yrjänheikki J, Keinänen R, Hirovonen T, Roivainen R, Närhi M, Hökfelt T, Koistinaho J (1997 ) "Spreading depression and focal brain ischemia induce cyclooxygenase- 2 in cortical neurons through N-methyl-D-aspartic acid- receptors and phospholipase A2." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 :6500-6505 .
Mittmann T (1994 ) Läsions- und Ischämie-induzierte Änderungen in der Funktion des Neokortex bei der Ratte und Maus. Dissertation Philipps-Universität Marburg : S. 13-14 .
Mody I, Lambert JDC, Heinemann U (1987 ) "Low extracellular magnesium induces eplileptiform activity and spreading depression in rat hippocampal slices." J Neurophysiol 57 :869-888 .
Mori H, Mishina M (1995 ) "Structure and function of the NMDA- receptor channel." Neuropharmacology 34 :1219-1237 .
Moskowitz MA, Nozaki K, Kraig RP (1993 ) "Neocortical spreading depression provokes the expression of C-fos protein-like immunoreactivity within trigeminal nucleus caudalis via trigeminovascular mechanisms." J Neurosci 13 :1167-1177 .
Mountcastle VB (1957 ) "Modality and topographic properties of single neurons of cat´s somatic sensory cortex." J Neurophysiol 20 :408-434 .
Muir KW, Lees KR (1995 ) "Clinical experience with excitatory amino acid antagonist drugs." Stroke 26 :503-513 .
Nakanishi S (1994 ) "Metabotropic glutamate receptors: Synaptic transmission, modulation, and plasticity." Neuron 13 :1031-1037 .
Nedergaard M (1996 ) "Spreading depression as a contributor to ischemic brain damage." Adv Neurol 71 :75-83 .
Nedergaard M, Astrup J (1986 ) "Infarct rim: effect of hyperglycemia on direct current potential and [14C]2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 6 :607-615 .
Nedergaard M, Cooper AJL, Goldman SA (1995 ) "Gap junctions are required for the propagation of spreading depression." J Neurobiol 28 :433-444 .
Nedergaard M, Diemer NH (1987 ) "Focal ischemia of the rat brain, with special reference to the influence of plasma glucose concentration." Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 73 :131-137 .
Nedergaard M, Hansen AJ (1988 ) "Spreading depression is not associated with neuronal injury in the normal brain." Brain Res 449 :395-398 .
Nedergaard M, Hansen AJ (1993 ) "Characterization of cortical depolarizations evoked in focal cerebral ischemia." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 13 :568-574 .
Nellgard B, Wieloch T (1992 ) "NMDA--receptor blockers but not NBQX, an AMPA-receptor antagonist, inhibit spreading depression in the rat brain." Acta Physiol Scand 146 :497-503 .
Nenonene EK, Radja F, Carli M, Grondin L, Reader TA (1994 ) "Heterogeneity of cortical and hippocampal 5-HT1A receptors: a reappraisal of homogenate binding with 8-[3H]hydroxydipropylaminotetralin." J Neurochem 62 :1822-1834 .
Nicholls D, Attwell D (1990 ) "The release and uptake of excitatory amino acids." Trends Pharmacol Sci 11 :462-467 .
Nicholls DG (1993 ) "Ion channels and the regulation of neurotransmitter glutamate release." Biochem Soc Trans 21 :53-58 .
92
Nikolics K, Hefti F, Thomas GR, Gluckman PD (1996 ) "Trophic factors and their role in the postischemic brain." Adv Neurol 71 :389-402; discussion 402- .Nogawa S, Forster C, Zhang F, Nagayama M, Ross ME, Iadecola C (1998 ) "Interaction between inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase- 2 after cerebral ischemia." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95 :10966-10971 .
Obrenovitch TP (1995 ) "The Ischaemic Penumbra: Twenty Years On." Cerebrovasc Brain Metab Rev 7 :297-323 .
Obrenovitch TP, Urenjak J, Richards DA, Ueda Y, Curzon G, Symon L (1993 ) "Extracellular neuroactive amino acids in the rat striatum during ischaemia: comparison between penumbral conditions and ischaemia with sustained anoxic depolarisation." J Neurochem 61 :178-186 .
Obrenovitch TP, Zilkha E (1995 ) "High extracellular potassium, and not extracellular glutamate, is required for the propagation of spreading depression." J Neurophysiol 73 :2107-2114 .
Obrenovitch TP, Zilkha E, Urenjak J (1996 ) "Evidence against high extracellular glutamate promoting the elicitation of spreading depression by potassium." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :923-931 .
Olesen J (1994 ) "Understanding the biologic basis of migraine." N Engl J Med 331 :1713-1714 .
Olesen J, Larsen B, Lauritzen M (1981 ) "Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine." Ann Neurol 9 :344-352 .
Olney JW, Sharpe LG (1969 ) "Brain lesions in an infant rhesus monkey treated with monsodium glutamate." Science 166 :386-388 .
Parsons AA (1998 ) "Recent advances in mechanisms of spreading depression." Curr Opin Neurol 11 :227-231 .
Partridge LD, Swandulla D (1988 ) "Calcium-activated non-specific cation channels." Trends Neurosci 11 :69-72 .
Peters O, Back T, Lindauer U, Busch C, Megow D, Dreier J, Dirnagl U (1998 ) "Increased formation of reactive oxygen species after permanent and reversible middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 18 :196-205 .
Pieper AA, Verma A, Zhang J, Snyder SH (1999 ) "Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, nitric oxide and cell death." Trends Pharmacol Sci 20 : 171-181 .
Piera MJ, Beaughard M, Michelin MT, Winslow E, Massingham R (1995 ) "Lack of efficacy of 5-HT2A receptor antagonists to reduce brain damage after 3 minutes of transient global cerebral ischaemia in gerbils." Fundam Clin Pharmacol 9 :562-568 .
Pin J-P, Duvoisin R (1995 ) "The metabotropic glutamate receptors: Structure and functions." Neuropharmacology 34 :1-26 .
Prehn JH, Backhauss C, Karkoutly C, Nuglisch J, Peruche B, Rossberg C, Krieglstein J (1991 ) "Neuroprotective properties of 5-HT1A receptor agonists in rodent models of focal and global cerebral ischemia." Eur J Pharmacol 203 :213-222 .
Psarropoulou C, Avoli M (1993 ) "4-aminopyridine-induced spreading depression episodes in immature hippocampus: Developmental and pharmacological characteristics." Neuroscience 55 :57-68 .
Raiteri M, Maura G, Barzizza A (1991 ) "Activation of presynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine1-like receptors on glutamatergic terminals inhibits N-methyl-D- aspartate-induced cyclic GMP production in rat cerebellar slices." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 257 :1184-1188 .
Reuter U, Weber JR, Gold L, Arnold G, Wolf T, Dreier J, Lindauer U, Dirnagl U (1998 ) "Perivascular nerves contribute to cortical spreading depression-associated hyperemia in rats." Am J Physiol 274 :H1979-87 .
Richards CD (1981 ) "The preparation of brain tissue slices for electrophysiological studies." In: Electrophysiology of isolated mammalian CNS preparations. (Kerkut GA, Wheal HV eds), pp 107-132 . London : Academic Press London .
Riepe MW, Hori N, Ludolph AC, Carpenter DO (1995 ) "Failure of neuronal ion exchange, not potentiated excitation, causes excitotoxicity after inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation." Neuroscience 64 :91-97 .
Rogawski MA (1993 ) "Therapeutic potential of excitatory amino acid antagonists: Channel blockers and 2,3-benzodiazepines." Trends Pharmacol Sci 14 :325-331 .
93
Romanic AM, White RF, Arleth AJ, Ohlstein EH, Barone FC (1998 ) "Matrix metalloproteinase expression increases after cerebral focal ischemia in rats: inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 reduces infarct size." Stroke 29 :1020-1030 .Romijn HJ, Ruijter JM, Wolters PS (1988 ) "Hypoxia preferentially destroys GABAergic neurons in developing rat neocortex explants in culture." Exp Neurol 100 :332-340 .
Rosen AS, Morris ME (1993 ) "Anoxic depression of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in rat neocortical slices." J Neurophysiol 69 :109-117 .
Rosner G, Graf R, Kataoka K, Heiss W-D (1986 ) "Selective functional vulnerability of cortical neurons following transient MCA-occlusion in the cat." Stroke 17 :76-82 .
Röther J, De Crespigny AJ, D'Arceuil H, Iwai K, Moseley ME (1996a ) "Recovery of apparent diffusion coefficient after ischemia-induced spreading depression relates to cerebral perfusion gradient." Stroke 27 :980-986 .
Röther J, De Crespigny AJ, D'Arceuil H, Moseley ME (1996b ) "MR detection of cortical spreading depression immediately after focal ischemia in the rat." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 16 :214-220 .
Rupalla K, Allegrini PR, Sauer D, Wiessner C (1998 ) "Time course of microglia activation and apoptosis in various brain regions after permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice." Acta Neuropathol (Berl) 96 :172-178 .
Sackin H (1995 ) "Mechanosensitive channels." Annu Rev Physiol 57 :333-353 .
Saito R, Graf R, Hubel K, Fujita T, Rosner G, Heiss WD (1997 ) "Reduction of infarct volume by halothane: effect on cerebral blood flow or perifocal spreading depression-like depolarizations." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 8 : 857-864
Saffen DW, Cole AJ, Worley PF, Christy BA, Ryder K, Baraban JM (1988 ) "Convulsant-induced increase in transcription factor messenger RNAs in rat brain." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85 :7795-9X .
Saunders DE, Howe FA, van den Boogaart A, McLean MA, Griffiths JR, Brown MM (1995 ) "Continuing ischemic damage after acute middle cerebral artery infarction in humans demonstrated by short-echo proton spectroscopy." Stroke 26 :1007-1013 .
Scharfman HE (1997 ) "Hyperexcitability in combined entorhinal/hippocampal slices of adult rat after exposure to brain-derived neurotrophic factor." J Neurophysiol 78 :1082-1095 .
Schmitz D, Empson RM, Gloveli T, Heinemann U (1995a ) "Serotonin reduces synaptic excitation of principal cells in the superficial layers of rat hippocampal-entorhinal cortex combined slices." Neurosci Lett 190 :37-40 .
Schmitz D, Empson RM, Heinemann U (1995b ) "Serotonin and 8-OH-DPAT reduce excitatory transmission in rat hippocampal area CA1 via reduction in presumed presynaptic Ca2+ entry." Brain Res 701 :249-254 .
Schmitz D, Empson RM, Heinemann U (1995c ) "Serotonin reduces inhibition via 5-HT1A receptors in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices in vitro." J Neurosci 15 :7217-7225 .
Schoepp DD, Conn PJ (1993 ) "Metabotropic glutamate receptors in brain function and pathology." Trends Pharmacol Sci 14 :13-20 .
Segal M (1990 ) "Serotonin attenuates a slow inhibitory postsynaptic potential in rat hippocampal neurons." Neuroscience 36 :631-641 .
Segal M (1990 ) "Serotonin and local circuits in rat hippocampus." J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 1 :77-86X .
Semkova I, Wolz P, Krieglstein J (1998 ) "Neuroprotective effect of 5-HT" 1A" receptor agonist, Bay X 3702, demonstrated in vitro and in vivo." Eur J Pharmacol 359 :251-260 .
Sensi SL, Canzoniero LM, Yu SP, Ying HS, Koh JY, Kerchner GA, Choi DW (1997 ) "Measurement of intracellular free zinc in living cortical neurons: routes of entry." J Neurosci 17 :9554-9564 .
Sheardown MJ (1993 ) "The triggering of spreading depression in the chicken retina: a pharmacological study." Brain Res 607 :189-194 .
Sheardown MJ, Nielsen EO, Hansen AJ, Jacobsen P, Honoré T (1990 ) "2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline: a neuroprotectant for cerebral ischemia." Science 247 :571-574 .
94
Sheardown MJ, Suzdak PD, Nordholm L (1993 ) "AMPA, but not NMDA-, receptor antagonism is neuroprotective in gerbil global ischaemia, even when delayed 24 h." Eur J Pharmacol 236 :347-353 .Shimizu-Sasamata M, Bosque-Hamilton P, Huang PL, Moskowitz MA, Lo EH (1998 ) "Attenuated Neurotransmitter Release and Spreading Depression-Like Depolarizations after Focal Ischemia in Mutant Mice with Disrupted Type I Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene." J Neurosci 18 :9564-9571 .
Shinohara M, Dollinger B, Brown G, Rapoport S, Sokoloff L (1979 ) "Cerebral glucose utilization: local changes during and after recovery from spreading cortical depression." Science 203 :188-190 .
Siesjö BK, Bengtsson F (1989 ) "Calcium fluxes, calcium antagonists, and calcium-related pathology in brain ischemia, hypoglycemia, and spreading depression: a unifying hypothesis." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 9 :127-140 .
Siesjö BK, Katsura K, Kristian T (1995 ) "The biochemical basis of cerebral ischemic damage." J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 7 :47-52 .
Siesjö BK (1991 ) "The role of calcium in cell death." In: Neurodegenerative Disorders: Mechanisms and Prospects for Therapy (Price DL, Thoenen H, Aguayo AJ eds), pp 35-59 . John Wiley & Sons Ltd .
Siman R, Noszek JC (1988 ) "Excitatory amino acids activate calpain I and induce structural protein breakdown in vivo." Neuron 1 :279-287 .
Simoons ML, Deckers JW (1995 ) "New directions in anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment." Br Heart J 74 :337-340 .
Smith MA, Doliszny KM, Shahar E, McGovern PG, Arnett DK, Luepker RV (1998 ) "Delayed hospital arrival for acute stroke: the Minnesota Stroke Survey." Ann Intern Med 129 :190-196 .
Sokoloff L, Takahashi S, Gotoh J, Driscoll BF, Law MJ (1996 ) "Contribution of astroglia to functionally activated energy metabolism." Dev Neurosci 18 :344-352 .
Somjen G (1979 ) "Extracellular potassium in the mammalian central nervous system." Ann Rev Physiol 41 :159-177 .
Somjen GG (1975 ) "Electrophysiology of neuroglia." Annu Rev Physiol 37 :163-190 .
Sontheimer H, Minturn JE, Black JA, Waxman SG, Ransom BR (1990 ) "Specificity of cell-cell coupling in rat optic nerve astrocytes in vitro." Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 :9833-9837 .
Stoll G, Jander S, Schroeter M (1998 ) "Inflammation and glial responses in ischemic brain lesions." Prog Neurobiol 56 :149-171 .
Sugaya E, Takato M, Noda Y (1975 ) "Neuronal and glial activity during spreading depression in cerebral cortex of cat." J Neurophysiol 38 :822-841 .
Sutor B, Hablitz JJ (1989 ) "EPSPs in rat neocortical neurons in vitro. I. Electrophysiological evidence for two distinct EPSPs." J Neurophysiol 61 :607-629 .
Sutor B, Luhmann HJ (1995 ) "Development of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in the rat neocortex." Perspect Dev Neurobiol 2 :409-419 .
Swan JH, Meldrum BS (1990 ) "Protection by NMDA- antagonists against selective cell loss following transient ischaemia." J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 10 :343-351 .
Tanaka E, North RA (1993 ) "Actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine on neurons of the rat cingulate cortex." J Neurophysiol 69 :1749-1757 .
Tanaka R, Miyasaka Y, Yada K, Ohwada T, Kameya T (1995 ) "Basic fibroblast growth factor increases regional cerebral blood flow and reduces infarct size after experimental ischemia in a rat model." Stroke 26 :2154-2158 .
Thompson CB (1995 ) "Apoptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease." Science 267 :1456-1462 .
Thompson SM, Gähwiler BH (1989 ) "Activity-dependent disinhibition. III. Desensitization and GABAB receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition in the hippocampus in vitro." J Neurophysiol 61 :524-533 .
Thomson AW, West DC, Lodge D (1985 ) "An N-methylaspartate receptor-mediated synapse in rat cerebral cortex: a site of action of ketamine?" Nature 313 :479-481 .
95
Traub RD, Dudek FE, Taylor CP, Knowles WD (1985 ) "Simulation of hippocampal afterdischarges synchronized by electrical interactions." Neuroscience 14 :1033-1038 .van Essen DC, Anderson CH, Felleman DJ (1992 ) "Information processing in the primate visual system: An integrated systems perspective." Science 255 :419-423 .
van Harreveld A (1959 ) "Compounds in brain extracts causing spreading depression of cerebral cortical activity and contraction of crustacean muscle." J Neurochem 3 :300-315 .
Van Lookeren Campagne M, Gill R (1996 ) "Ultrastructural morphological changes are not characteristic of apoptotic cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia in the rat." Neurosci Lett 213 :111-114 .
Verrecchia C, Boulu RG, Plotkine M (1995 ) "Neuroprotective and deleterious effects of nitric oxide on focal cerebral ischemia-induced neurone death." Adv Neuroimmunol 5 :359-378 .
Vignes M, Collingridge GL (1997 ) "The synaptic activation of kainate receptors." Nature 388 :179-182 .
Walz W (1997 ) "Role of astrocytes in the spreading depression signal between ischemic core and penumbra." Neurosci Biobehav Rev 21 :135-142 .
Wang YF, Tsirka SE, Strickland S, Stieg PE, Soriano SG, Lipton SA (1998 ) "Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) increases neuronal damage after focal cerebral ischemia in wild-type and tPA-deficient mice." Nat Med 4 :228-231 .
Watkins JC, Evans RH (1981 ) "Excitatory amino acid transmitters." Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 21 :165-204 .
Waxman SG, Ransom BR, Stys PK (1991 ) "Non-synaptic mechanisms of Ca2+-mediated injury in CNS white matter." Trends Neurosci 14 :461-468 .
Weiler C (1999 ) "Funktionelle Bildgebung in der Neurologie." Deutsches Ärzteblatt 96 : 1772-1779 .
Welch KM (1997 ) "Pathogenesis of migraine." Semin Neurol 17 :335-341 .
Winsauer PJ, Rodriguez FH, Cha AE, Moerschbaecher JM (1999 ) "Full and Partial 5-HT" 1A" Receptor Agonists Disrupt Learning and Performance in Rats." J Pharmacol Exp Ther 288 :335-347 .
www.med.harvard.edu (1998 ) http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case20/mr1/015.html .
Xia Y, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Snyder SH, Zweier JL (1996 ) "Nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide and nitric oxide in arginine-depleted cells leading to peroxynitrite-mediated cellular injury." Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 93 :6770-6774 .
Yoon RS, Tsang PW, Lenz FA, Kwan HC (1996 ) "Characterization of cortical spreading depression by imaging of intrinsic optical signals." Neuroreport 7 :2671-2674 .
Zhang L, Rzigalinski BA, Ellis EF, Satin LS (1996 ) "Reduction of voltage-dependent Mg2+ blockade of NMDA- current in mechanically injured neurons." Science 274 :1921-1923 .
Zilkha E, Obrenovitch TP, Koshy A, Kusakabe H, Bennetto HP (1995 ) "Extracellular glutamate: on-line monitoring using microdialysis coupled to enzyme-amperometric analysis." J Neurosci Meth 60 :1-9 .
Zilles K, Wree A (1985 ) "Cortex: areal and laminar structure." In: The Rat Nervous System. Vol. 1 (Paxinos G ed), pp 375-415 . Sydney : Academic Press .
96
Krüger, H., Luhmann, H.J. and Heinemann, U. Repetitive spreading depression causes selective suppression of GABAergic function. NeuroReport, 7 (15-17): 2733-2736, 1996.
Albrecht, D., Broser, M., Krüger, H. Excitatory action of angiotensins II and IV on hippocampal neuronal activity in urethane anesthetized rats. Regul. Peptides, 70 (2-3): 105-109, 1997.
Albrecht, D., Broser, M., Krüger, H. and Bader, M. Effects of angiotensin II and IV on geniculate activity in nontransgenic and transgenic rats. Eur. J. Pharmacology, 332 (1): 53-63, 1997.
Krüger, H., Heinemann, U. and Luhmann, H.J. Effects of ionotropic glutamate receptor blockade and 5-HT1A receptor activation on spreading depression in rat neocortical slices. NeuroReport, 10(12): 2651-6, 1999.
Krüger, H. & Luhmann, H.J. Pharmacological profile of an in vitro model of cerebral ischemia. 6. European Students Conference at the Charité, 1995.
Krüger, H. & Luhmann, H.J. Functional and pharmacological properties of spreading depression in rat neocortical slices. 1. Kongreß der Deutschen Neurowissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft in Berlin, 1996.
Broser, M., Krüger, H. and Albrecht, D. Excitatory action of angiotensin II and IV on hippocampal neuronal activity in urethane anesthetized rats. 25. Göttinger Neurobiologentagung, 1997.
© Die inhaltliche Zusammenstellung und Aufmachung dieser Publikation sowie die elektronische Verarbeitung sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung, die nicht ausdrücklich vom Urheberrechtsgesetz zugelassen ist, bedarf der vorherigen Zustimmung. Das gilt insbesondere für die Vervielfältigung, die Bearbeitung und Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronische Systeme.
|
DiML DTD Version 2.0 |
Zertifizierter Dokumentenserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin |
HTML - Version erstellt am: Fri May 4 12:33:13 2001 |