Identification of the tumour-associated gene S100A14 and analysis of its regulationAgnieszka Pietas11.11231.2451.2.16297#3491.2.2781.2.3586#63791011121.31322.12.1.1142.1.22.1.3152.1.42.1.52.1.6162.1.72.1.82.1.9172.1.102.1.11182.22.2.12.2.1.11920212223242.2.1.22.2.22.2.2.1252627282.2.2.22.2.2.32930313233342.2.2.4352.2.32.2.3.1362.2.3.22.2.3.32.2.3.4372.2.3.52.2.3.6382.2.3.739402.2.3.82.2.3.94142434445462.2.3.1047482.2.3.112.2.3.1249505152532.2.3.13542.2.3.14552.2.3.152.2.4562.2.52.2.5.15758592.2.5.26061626364652.2.5.3662.2.5.42.2.62.2.6.167682.2.6.269707172732.2.6.3747576772.2.6.478798081828384858687888990919293942.2.6.595969798991001011021031041052.2.71062.2.81072.2.9108109462#4621102.2.101112.2.112.2.1211233.13.1.11121133.1.2114115552#508585#3453.23.2.11161173.2.2118527#568523#5833.2.3119553#5353.2.4120509#229121508#229122557#1923.2.5123507#230124508#230125507#229562#1573.2.6126587#1091273.3128587#397129570#611130336#1843.4131132454#613133494#66134517#145135358#337136538#4513.5137585#643138139602#6103.6140451#129340#131141519#134142306#136143514#124521#115144423#993.6.1145591#561146585#494147497#4083.6.2148441#1613.7149150594#56544.11501511524.21531541551561571584.3159160492#1601611621634.4164165166167568#209168169170171172247#232173174175ReferencesList of AbbreviationsDanksagungPublicationsOral Presentations and PostersEidesstattliche ErklärungenTable of contentsHelp References Ambartsumian N.S., Grigorian M.S., Larsen I.F., Karlstrom O., Sidenius N., Rygaard J., Georgiev G., Lukanidin E. Metastasis of mammary carcinomas in GRS/A hybrid mice transgenic for the mts1 gene.Oncogene.1996 13 1621-1630 Arai K., Teratani T., Nozawa R., Yamada T Immunohistochemical investigation of S100A9 expression in pulmonary adenocarcinomas: S100A9 expression is associated with tumour differentiationOncol Rep2001 8 591-596 Arumugam T., Simeone D.M., Schmidt A.M., Logsdon C.D S100P stimulates cell proliferation and survival via receptor for activated glycation end products (RAGE)J Biol Chem2004 7 5059-5065 Averboukh L., Liang P., Kantoff P.W., Pardee A.B Regulation of S100P expression by androgen. Prostate. 1996 29 350-355 Baker D.M., Wang S.L., Bell D.J., Drevon C.A., and Davis R.A. One or more labile proteins regulate the stability of chimeric mRNAs containing the 3'-untranslated region of cholesterol-7 α -hydroxylase mRNA. J Biol Chem. 2000 . 275, 19985-19991 Beer D.G., Kardia S.L., Huang C.C., Giordano T.J., Levin A.M., Misek D.E., Chen G., Gharib T.G., Thomas D.G., Lizyness M.L., Kuick R., Hayasaka S., Taylor J.M., Iannettoni M.D., Orringer M.B., Hanash S. Gene-expression profiles predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Med. 2002. 8, 816-824 Bernards R., Weinberg R.A. A progression puzzle. Nature. 2002. 418, 823 Berridge M.J., Lipp P., Bootman M.D. The versatility and universality of calcium signalling. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000. 1, 11-21 Bertram J., Palfner K., Hiddemann W., Kneba M Elevated expression of S100P, CAPL and MAGE 3 in doxorubicin-resistant cell lines: comparison of mRNA differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and subtractive suppressive hybridization for the analysis of differential gene expression. Anticancer Drugs. 1998. 9 311-317 Blobe G.C., Obeid L.M., Hannun Y.A Regulation of protein kinase C and role in cancer biology. Cancer Met Rev1994 13 411-431 Bordonaro M., Lazarova D.L., Augenlicht L.H., Sartorelli A.C Cell type- and promoter-dependent modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway by sodium butyrate. Int J Cancer2002 97, 42-51 Bos J.L., Fearon E.R., Hamilton S.R., Verlaan-de Vries M., van Boom J.H., van der Eb A.J., Vogelstein B. Prevalence of ras gene mutations in human colorectal cancers. Nature1987 327 293-297 Boulikas T The phosphorylation connection to cancer. Int J Oncol1995 6, 271-279 Böttiger B.W., Möbes S., GlätzerR., Bauer H., Gries A., Bärtsch P., Motsch J., Martin E. Astroglial protein S100 is an early and sensitive marker of hypoxic brain damage and outcome after cardiac arrest in humans. Circulation. 2001. 103, 2694-2698 Brandt B.H., Roetger A., Dittmar T., Nikolai G., Merschjann A., Nofer J.R., Dehmer-Moller G., Junker R., Assmann G., Zaenker K.S. erbB-2/EGF-R as dominant heterodimerization partners determine the motogenic phenotype in human breast cancer cells. FASEB J. 1999. 13, 1939-1949 Bucher P. Weight matrix descriptions of four eukaryotic RNA polymerase II promotor elements derived from 502 unrelated promotor sequences. J Mol Biol. 1990. 212, 563-578 Burden S., Yarden Y. Neuregulins and their receptors: A versatile signalling module in organogenesis and oncogenesis. Neuron. 1997. 18, 847-855 Camby I., Nagy N., Lopes M.B., Schäfer B.W., Maurage C.A., Ruchoux M.M., Murmann P., Pochet R., Heizmann C.W., Brotchi J., Salmon I., Kiss R., Decaestecker Ch. Supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas, astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas are characterized by a differential expression of S100 proteins. Brain Pathol. 1999 . 9, 1-19 Camby I., LeFranc F., Titeca G., Neuci S., Fastrez M., Dedecken L., Schäfer B.W., Brotchi J., Heizmann C.W., Pochet R., Salmon I., Kiss R., Decaestecker Ch. Differential expression of S100 calcium-binding proteins characterizes distinct clinical entities in both WHO grade II and III astrocytic tumors. Neuropathol Applied Neurobiol. 2000 . 26, 76-90 Carmeliet P., Jain R.K. Angiogenesis in cancer and other diseases. Nature. 2000. 407, 249-257 Chang C., Werb Z. The many faces of metalloproteases: cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Trends Cell Biol. 2001. 11, S37-S43 Chen C.Y., Shyu A.B. AU-rich elements: characterization and importance in mRNA degradation. Trends Biochem Sci. 1995. 20, 465-470 Clegg R.A., Gordge P.C., Miller W.R. Expression of enzymes of covalent protein modification during regulated and dysregulated proliferation of mammary epithelial cells: PKA, PKC and NMT. Advan Enzyme Regul. 1999. 39, 175-203 Coussens L.M., Raymond W.W., Bergers G., Laig-Webster M., Behrendtsen O., Werb Z., Caughey G.H., Hanahan D . Inflammatory mast cells up-regulate angiogenesis during squamous epithelial carcinogenesis. Genes Dev. 1999. 13, 1382-1397 Coussens L.M., Tinkle C.L., Hanahan D., Werb Z . MMP-9 supplied by bone marrow-derived cells contributes to skin carcinogenesis. Cell. 2000. 103, 481-490 Creighton C., Kuick R., Misek D.E., Rickman D.S., Brichory F.M., Rouillard J.-M., Omenn G.S., Hanash S. Profiling of pathway-specific changes in gene expression following growth of human cancer cell lines transplanted into mice. Genome Biology. 2003 . 4, R46 Davey G.E., Murmann P., Heizmann C.W. Intracellular Ca2+ and Zn2+ levels regulate the alternative cell density-dependent secretion of S100B in human glioblastoma cells. J Biol Chem. 2001. 276, 30819-30826 Davies M.P., Rudland P.S., Robertson L., Parry E.W., Jolicoeur P., Barraclough R. Expression of the calcium-binding protein S100A4 (p9Ka) in MMTV-neu transgenic mice induces metastasis of mammary tumours. Oncogene. 1996. 13, 1631-1637 Deininger P.L., Batzer M.A. Alu repeats and human disease. Mol Genet Metabol. 1999. 67 183-193 Diatchenko L., Lau Y.F., Campbell A.P., Chenchik A., Moqadam F., Huang B., Lukyanov S., Lukyanov K., Gurskaya N., Sverdlov E.D., Siebert P.D. Suppression subtractive hybridization: a method for generating differentially regulated or tissue-specific cDNA probes and libraries. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996. 93, 6025-6030 Diaz-Guerra M.J.M., Velasco M., Martin-Sanz P., Bosca L. Nuclear factor κ B is required for the transcriptional control of type II NO synthase in regenerating liver. Biochem J. 1997. 326, 791-797 Difilippantonio S., Chen Y., Pietas A., Schlüns K., Pacyna-Gengelbach M., Deutschmann N., Padilla-Nash H.M., Ried T., Petersen I . Gene expression profiles in human non-small and small-cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer2003 39 1936-1947 Dittmar T., Husemann A., Schewe Y., Nofer J.-R., Niggemann B., Zänker K.S., Brandt B.H Induction of cancer cell migration by epidermal growth factor is initiated by specific phosphorylation of tyrosine 1248 of c-erbB-2 receptor via EGFRFASEB J.2002 16, 1823-1825 Dixon D.A., Caplan C.D., McIntyre T.M., Zimmerman G.A., Prescott S.M Post-transcriptional control of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expressionJ Biol Chem2000. 16 11750-11757 Donato R S100: a multigenic family of calcium-modulated proteins of the EF-hand type with intracellular and extracellular functional roles. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 2001. 33 , 637-668 Du X.-J., Cole T.J., Tenis N., Gao X.-M., Köntgen F., Kemp B.E., Heierhorst J. Impaired cardiac contractility response to hemodynamic stress in S100A1-deficient mice. Mol Cell Biol. 2002. 22, 2821-2829 El-Rifai W., Moskaluk C.A., Abdrabbo M.K., Harper J., Yoshida C., Frierson H.F. Jr., Powell S.M. Gastric cancers overexpress S100A calcium-binding proteins.Cancer Res2002 62, 6823-6826 Emberley E.D., Niu Y., Njue C., Kliewer E.V., Murphy L.C., Watson P.H. Psoriasin (S100A7) expression is associated with poor outcome in estrogen receptor-negative invasive breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2003. 9, 2627-2631 Feldner J.C., Brandt B.H. Cancer cell motility – on the road from c-erbB-2 receptor steered signalling to actin reorganization. Exp Cell Res. 2002. 272, 93-108 Feng G., Xu X., Youssef E.M., Lotan R Diminished expression of S100A2, a putative tumor suppressor, at early stage of human lung carcinogenesisCancer Res2001 61 7999-8004 Fontanini G., De Laurentiis M., Vignati S., Chine S., Lucchi M., Silvestri V., Mussi A., De Placido S., Tortora G., Bianco A.R., Gullick W., Angeletti C.A., Bevilacqua G., Ciardiello F. Evaluation of epidermal growth factor-related growth factors and receptors and of neoangiogenesis in completely resected stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer: amphiregulin and microvessel count are independent prognostic indicators of survival.Clin Cancer Res. 1998 4, 241-249 Gebhardt C., Breitenbach U., Tuckermann J.P., Dittrich B.T., Richter K., Angel P Calgranulins S100A8 and S100A9 are negatively regulated by glucocorticoids in a c-Fos-dependent manner and overexpressed throughout skin carcinogenesis. Oncogene2002 21 4266-4276 Gendler S.J., Cohen E.P., Craston A., Duhig T., Johnstone G., Barnes D. The locus of the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) tumor antigen on chromosome 1q21 shows a high frequency of alteration in primary human breast tumors. Int J Cancer.1990. 45,431-435 Gerlai R., Roder J Abnormal exploratory behaviour in transgenic mice carrying multiple copies of the human gene for S100 betaJ Psychiatry & Neurosci1995 20 105-112 Giles K.M., Daly J.M., Beveridge D.J., Thomson A.M., Voon D.C., Furneaux H.M., Jazayeri J.A., Leedman P.J. The 3'-untranslated region of p21WAF1 mRNA is a composite cis-acting sequence bound by RNA-binding proteins from breast cancer cells, including HuR and poly(C)-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 2003. 5, 2937-2946 Godsen J.R. Molecular Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations. Methods in Molecular Biology. 29 . Humana Press Inc. Totowa, NJ. 1994 Graness A., Chwieralski C.E., Reinhold D., Thim L., Hoffmann W . Protein kinase C and ERK activation are required for TFF-peptide stimulated bronchial epithelial cell migration and tumor necrosis factor- α -induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8 secretion. J Biol Chem. 2002. 277, 18440-18446 Guerreiro Da Silva I.D., Hu Y.F., Russo I.H., Ao I.H., Salicioni X., Yang A.M., Russo J. S100P calcium-binding protein overexpression is associated with immortalization of human breast epithelial cells in vitro and early stages of breast cancer development in vivo. Int J Oncol. 2000. 16, 231-240 Han J., Brown T., Beutler B. Endotoxin-responsive sequences control cachectin/tumor necrosis factor biosynthesis at the translational level. J Exp Med. 1990. 171, 465-475 Hanahan D., Weinberg R.A. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000. 100, 57-70 Hancq S., Salmon I., Brotchi J., De Witte O., Gabius H.J., Heizmann C.W., Kiss R., Decaestecker C. S100A5: a marker of recurrence in WHO grade I meningiomas.Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol2004. 30, 178-187 Heighway J., Knapp T., Boyce L., Brennand S., Field J.K., Betticher D.C., Ratschiller D., Gugger M., Donovan M., Lasek A., Rickert P Expression profiling of primary non-small cell lung cancer for target identificationOncogene.2002 21 7749-7763 Heizmann C.W., Fritz G., Schäfer B.W. S100 proteins: structure, functions and pathology. Frontiers Biosci2002 7 , 1356-1368 Hernan R., Fasheh R., Calabrese Ch., Frank A.J., Maclean K.H., Allard D., Barraclough R., Gilbertson R.J . ERBB2 up-regulates S100A4 and several other prometastatic genes in medulloblastoma.Cancer Res2003. 63 140-148 Hofmann M., Drury S., Caifeng F., Qu W., Lu Y., Avila C., Kambhan N., Slattery T., McClary J., Nagashima M., Morser J., Stern D., Schmidt A.-M. RAGE mediates a novel proinflammatory axis: the cell surface receptor for S100/calgranulin polypeptides.Cell1999 97 889-901 Hollams E.H., Giles K.M., Thomson A.M., Leedman P.J. mRNA stability and the control of gene expression: implications for human disease. Neurochem Res. 2002. 27, 957-980 Hough C.D, Cho K.R., Zonderman A.B., Schwartz D.R., Morin P.J. Coordinately up-regulated genes in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res2001. 61 3869-3876 Hoyaux D., Alao J., Fuchs J., Kiss R., Keller B., Heizmann C.W., Pochet R., Frermann D. S100A6, a calcium- and zinc-binding protein, is overexpressed in SOD1 mutant mice, a model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosisBiochim Biophys Acta2000 1498, 264-272 Hsieh H.-L., Schäfer B.W., Cox J.A., Heizmann C.W. S100A13 and S100A6 exibit distinct translocation pathways in endothelial cellsJ Cell Sci.2002 115, 3149-3158 Hsieh H.-L., Schäfer B.W., Weigle B., Heizmann C.W S100 protein translocation in response to extracellular S100 is mediated by receptor for advanced glycation endproducts in human endothelial cells.Bioch Bioph Res Com2004. 316, 949-959 Hunter T., Karin M. The regulation of transcription by phosphorylation. Cell. 1992. 70, 375-87 Huttunen H.J., Kuja-Panulat J., Sorci G., Agneletti A.L., Donato R., Rauvala H. Coregulation of neurite outgrowth and cell survival by amphoterin and S100 proteins through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) activation.J Biol Chem2000 . 275 40096-40105 Joo J.H., Kim J.W., Lee Y., Yoon S.Y., Kim J.H., Paik S.-G., Choe I.S. Involvement of NF κ B in the regulation of S100A6 gene expression in human hepatobalstoma cell line HepG2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2003. 307 274-280 Kawasaki H., Nakayama S., Kretsinger R.H. Classification and evolution of EF-hand proteins. BioMetals1998 11, 277-295 Khosravi-Far R., Der C.J. The Ras signal transduction pathway.Cancer Met Rev.1994 13 67-89 Kiewitz R., Acklin C., Minder E., Huber P.R., Schäfer B.W., Heizmann C.W. S100A1, a new marker for acute myocardial ischemia.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2000 274, 865-871 Kinzler K.W., Vogelstein B. Lessons from hereditary colorectal cancerCell1996. 87 159-170 Kozak M. Interpreting cDNA sequences: some insights from studies on translation. Mamm. Genome. 1996. 7(8), 563-574 Krähn G., Kaskel P., Sander S., Pereira J., Waizenhöfer Y., Wortmann S., Leiter U., Peter R.U. S100 β is a more reliable tumor marker in peripheral blood for patients with newly occurred melanoma metastases compared with MIA, albumin and lactate-dehydrogenase. Anticancer Res. 2001. 21, 1311-1316 Kriajevska M., Fischer-Larsen M., Moertz E., Vorm O., Tulchinsky E., Grigorian M., Ambartsumian N., Lukanidin E . Liprin β 1, a member of the family of LAR transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase-interacting proteins, is a new target for the metastasis-associated protein S100A4 (Mts1). J Biol Chem. 2002. 277, 5229-5235 Kruys V., Marinx O., Shaw G., Deschamps J., Huez G. Translational blockade imposed by cytokine-derived UA-rich sequences. Science. 1989. 245, 852-855 Lafon C., Mazars P., Guerrin M., Barboule N., Charcosset J.Y., Valette A. Early gene responses associated with transforming growth factor-beta 1 growth inhibition and autoinduction in MCF-7 breast adenocarcinoma cells. Bioch Biophys Acta. 1995. 1266, 288-295 Lauriola L., Michetti F., Maggiano N., Galli J., Cadoni G., Schäfer B.W., Heizmann C.W., Ranelletti F.O. Prognostic significance of the Ca2+ binding protein S100A2 in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2000. 89, 345-349 Lee S.W., Tomasetto C., Swisshelm K., Keyomarsi K., Sager R. Down-regulation of a member of the S100 gene family in mammary carcinoma cells and re-expression by azadeoxycytidine treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992. 89, 2504-2508 Levine T.D., Gao F., King P.H., Andrews L.G., Keene J.D. Hel-N1: an autoimmune RNA-binding protein with specificity for 3' uridylate-rich untranslated regions of growth factor mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol. 1993. 13 3494-3504 Liu D., Rudland P.S., Sibson D.R., Platt-Higgins A., Barraclough R. Expression of calcium-binding protein S100A2 in breast lesions. Br J Cancer. 2000. 83, 1473-1479 Logsdon C.D., Simeone D.M., Binkley C., Arumugam T., Greenson J.K., Giordano T.J., Misek D.E., Hanash S. Molecular profiling of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and chronical pancreatitis identifies multiple genes differentially regulated in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 2003. 63, 2649-2657 Maass N., Hojo T., Ueding M., Luttges J., Kloppel G., Jonat W., Nagasaki K. Expression of the tumor suppressor gene Maspin in human pancreatic cancers. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001 . 7, 812-817 Mackay A., Jones Ch., Dexter T., Silva R.L.A., Bulmer K., Jones A., Simpson P., Harris R.A., Parmjit S.J., Neville A.M., Reis L.F.L., Lakhani S.R., O’Hare M.J. cDNA microarray analysis of genes associated with ERBB2 (HER2/neu) overexpression in human mammary luminal epithelial cells. Oncogene. 2003. 22, 2680-2688 Mandinova A., Soldi R., Graziani I., Bagala C., Bellum S., Landriscina M., Tarantini F., Prudovsky I., Maciag T. S100A13 mediates the copper-dependent stress-induced release of IL-1 α from both human U937 and murine NIH 3T3 cells. J Cell Sci. 2003. 116, 2687-2696 Marais R., Light Y., Mason C., Paterson H., Olson M.F., Marshall C.J. Requirement of Ras-GTP-Raf complexes for activation of Raf-1 by protein kinase C. Science. 1998. 280, 109-112 Marenholz I., Volz A., Ziegler A., Davies A., Ragoussis I., Korge B.P., Mischke D. Genetic analysis of the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) on human chromosome 1q21: chromosomal orientation, new markers, and a 6-Mb YAC contig. Genomics. 1996. 37, 295-302 Marenholz I., Zirra M., Fischer D.F., Backendorf C., Ziegler A., Mischke D. Identification of human epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)-encoded genes by subtractive hybridization of entire YACs to a gridded keratinocyte cDNA library. Genome Res. 2001. 11, 341-355 Marenholz I., Heizmann C.W. S100A16, a ubiquitously expressed EF-hand protein which is up-regulated in tumors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004. 313, 237-244 Marmor M.D., Kochupurakkal B.S., Yarden Y. Signal transduction and oncogenesis by ERBB/HER receptors. Int J Rad Oncol Biol Phys. 2004. 58, 903-913 Martiny-Baron G., Kazanietz M.G., Mischak H., Blumberg P.M., Kochs G., Hug H., Marme D., Schachtele C. Selective inhibition of protein kinase C isozymes by the indolocarbazole Go 6976. J Biol Chem. 1993. 268, 9194-9197 Mellor H., Parker P.J. The extended protein kinase C superfamily. Biochem J. 1998. 332, 281-292 Miles D.W., Harris W.H., Gillett C.E., Smith P., Barnes D.M. Effect of c-erbB(2) and estrogen receptor status on survival of women with primary breast cancer treated with adjuvant cyclophosphamide/methotrexate/fluorouracil. Int. J. Cancer. 1999 . 84, 354-359 Mills N.E., Fishman C.L., Rom W.N., Dubin N., Jacobson D.R. Increased prevalence of K-ras oncogene mutations in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Res. 1995. 55, 1444-1447 Millward T.A., Heizmann C.W., Schafer B.W., Hemmings B.A. Calcium regulation of Ndr protein kinase mediated by S100 calcium-binding proteins. EMBO J. 1998. 17, 5913-5922 Mischak H., Pierce J.H., Goodnight J., Kazanietz M.G., Blumberg P.M., Mushinski J.F. Phorbol ester-induced myeloid differentiation is mediated by protein kinase C- α and - δ . J Biol Chem. 1993. 268, 20110-20115 Murray N.R., Baumgardner G.P., Burns D.J., Fields A.P . Protein kinase C isotypes in human erythroleukemia (K562) cell proliferation and differentiation. Evidence that beta II protein kinase C is required for proliferation. J Biol Chem. 1993. 268, 15847-15853 Nichols A.F., Toshiki I., Zolezzi F., Hutsell S., Linn S. Basal transcriptional regulation of human damage-specific DNA-binding protein genes DDB1 and DDB2 by Sp1, E2F, N-myc and NF1 elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2003. 31, 562-569 Ninomiya I., Ohta T., Fushida S., Endo Y., Hashimoto T., Yagi M., Fujimura T., Nishi-mura G., Tani T., Shimizu K., Yonemura Y., Heizmann C.W., Schäfer B.W., Sasaki T., Miwa K. Increased expression of S100A4 and its prognostic significance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer. 2001. 18, 715-720 Nishikawa T., Lee I.S., Shiraishi N., Ishikawa T., Ohta Y., Nishikimi M. Identification of S100b protein as copper-binding protein and its suppression of copper-induced cell damage. J Biol Chem. 1997. 272, 23037-23041 Nowell P.C. The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science. 1976. 194, 23-28 O’Brian C.A., Vogel V.G., Singletary S.E., Ward N.E . Elevated protein kinase C expression in human breast tumor biopsies relative to normal breast tissue. Cancer Res. 1989. 49, 3215-3217 Olayioye M.A., Neve R.M., Lane H.A., Hynes N.E. The ERBB signalling network: receptor heterodimerization in development and cancer. EMBO J. 2000. 19, 3159-3167 Olumi A.F., Grossfeld G.D., Hayward S.W., Carroll P.R., Tlsty T.D., Cunha G.R. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts direct tumor progression of initiated human prostatic epithelium. Cancer Res. 1999. 59, 5002-5011 Ostergaard M., Wolf H., Orntoft T.F., Celis J.E. Psoriasin (S100A7): a putative urinary marker for the follow-up of patients with bladder squamous cell carcinomas. Electrophoresis. 1999. 20, 349-354 Passey R.J., Williams E., Lichanska A.M., Wells C., Hu S., Geczy C.L., Little M.H., Hume D.A. A null mutation in the inflammation-associated S100 protein S100A8 causes early resorption of the mouse embryo. J Immunol. 1999. 163, 2209-2216 Pellegata N.S., Sessa F., Renault B., Bonato M., Leone B.E., Solcia E., Ranzani G.N. K-ras and p53 gene mutations in pancreatic cancer: ductal and nonductal tumors progress through different genetic lesions. Cancer Res. 1994. 54, 1556-1560 Perou C.M., Sorlie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Rees C.A., Pollack J.R., Ross D.T., Johnsen H., Akslen L.A., Fluge O., Pergamenschikov A., Williams C., Zhu S.X., Lonning P.E., Borresen-Dale A.L., Brown P.O., Botstein D. Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature. 2000. 406, 747-752 Perrais M., Pigny P., Copin M.-Ch., Aubert J.-P., Van Seuningen I. Induction of MUC2 and MUC5AC mucins by factors of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family is mediated by EGF receptor/Ras/Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade and Sp1. J Biol Chem. 2002. 277, 32258-32267 Pietas A., Schluns K., Marenholz I., Schafer B.W., Heizmann C.W., Petersen I. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human S100A14 gene encoding a novel member of the S100 family. Genomics. 2002. 79, 513-522 Platt-Higgins A.M., Renshaw Ch.A., West Ch. R., Winstanley J.H.R., De Silva Rudland S., Barraclough R., Rudland Ph.S. Comparison of the metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 (p9Ka) with other prognostic markers in human breast cancer. Int J Cancer. 2000. 89, 198-208 Prenzel N., Fischer O.M., Streit S., Hart S., Ullrich A . The epidermal growth factor receptor family as a central element for cellular signal transduction and diversification. Endocrine Cancer. 2001. 8, 11-31 Ranganathan G., Li C., Kern P.A. The translational regulation of lipoprotein lipase in diabetic rats involves the 3'-untranslated region of the lipoprotein lipase mRNA. J Biol Chem. 2000. 275, 40986-40991 Reibman J., Talbot A.T., Hsu Y., Ou G., Jover J., Nilsen D., Pillinger M.H. Regulation of expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human bronchial epithelial cells: roles of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Immun. 2000. 165, 1618-1625 Riese D.J., Kim E.D., Elenius K., Buckley S., Klagbrun M., Plowman G.D., Stern D.F. The epidermal growth factor receptor couples transforming growth factor- α , heparin-binding epidermal growth factoe-like factor, and amphiregulin to Neu, ERBB-3, and ERBB-4. J Biol Chem. 1996. 271, 20047-20052 Renan M.J. How many mutations are required for tumorigenesis? Implications from human cancer data. Mol. Carcinogenesis. 1993 . 7, 139-146 Rossomando A.J., Payne D.M., Weber M.J., Sturgill T.W. Evidence that pp42, a major tyrosine kinase target protein, is a mitogen-activated serine/threonine protein kinase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989. 86, 6940-6943 Rudland P.S., Platt-Higgins A., Renshaw C., West C.R., Winstanley J.H., Robertson L., Barraclough R. Prognostic significance of the metastasis- inducing protein S100A4 (p9Ka) in human breast cancer. Cancer Res. 2000. 60, 1596-1603 Rüdiger N.S., Gregersen N., Kielland-Brandt M. C. One short well conserved region of Alu-sequences is involved in human gene rearrangements and has homology with prokaryotic chi. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995. 23,256-260 Rusch V., Klimstra D., Venkatraman E., Pisters P.W., Langenfeld J., Dmitrovsky E. Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligand transforming growth factor alpha is frequent in resectable non-small cell lung cancer but does not predict tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res. 1997. 3, 515-522 Salomon D.S., Brandt R., Ciardiello F., Normanno N. Epidermal growth factor-related peptides and their receptors in human malignancies. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 1995. 19, 183-232 Sandgren E.P., Luetteke N.C., Palmitter R.D., Brinster R.L., Lee D.C. Overexpression of TGF- α in transgenic mice: induction of epithelial hyperplasia, pancreatic metaplasia, and carcinoma of the breast. Cell. 1990. 61, 1121-1135 Sandgren E.P., Luetteke N.C., Qiu T.H., Palmiter R.D., Brinster R.L., Lee D.C. Transforming growth factor α dramatically enhances oncogene-induced carcinogenesis in transgenic mouse pancreas and liver. Mol Cell Biol. 1993. 13, 320-330 Sakaguchi M., Miyazaki M., Inoue Y., Tsuji T., Kouchi H., Tanaka T., Yamada H., Namba M. Relationship between contact inhibition and intranuclear S100C of normal human fibroblasts. J Cell Biol. 2000. 149, 1193-1206 Sakaguchi M., Miyazaki M., Takaishi M., Sakaguchi Y., Makino E., Kataoka N., Yamada H., Namba M., Huh N. S100C/A11 is a key mediator of Ca2+-induced growth inhibition of human epidermal keratinocytes. J Cell Biol. 2003. 163, 825-835 Schaffner W., Weissmann C. A rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of protein in dilute solution. Anal Biochem. 1973. 56, 502-514 Schäfer B.W., Wicki R., Engelkamp D., Mattei M.G., Heizmann C.W. Isolation of a YAC clone covering a cluster of nine S100 genes on human chromosome 1q21: rationale for a new nomenclature of the S100 calcium-binding protein family. Genomics. 1995. 25 , 638-643 Schäfer B.W., Fritschy J.-M., Murmann P., Troxler H., Durussel I., Heizmann C.W., Cox J.A. Brain S100A5 is a novel calcium-, zinc-, and copper ion-binding protein of the EF-hand superfamily. J Biol Chem. 2000. 275 , 30623-30630 Schmidt A.M., Yan S.D., Yan S.F., Stern D.M. The biology of the receptor for advanced glycation end products and its ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000. 1498, 99-111 Schönwasser D.C., Marais R.M., Marshall C.J., Parker P.J. Activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by conventional, novel, and atypical protein kinase C isotypes. Mol Cell Biol. 1998. 18, 790-798 Seftor R.E., Seftor E.A., Sheng S., Pemberton P.A., Sager R., Hendrix M.J. Maspin suppresses the invasive phenotype of human breast carcinoma. Cancer Res. 1998. 58, 5681-5685 Sorlie T., Perou C.M., Tibshirani R., Aas T., Geisler S., Johnsen H., Hastie T., Eisen M.B., van de Rijn M., Jeffrey S.S., Thorsen T., Quist H., Matese J.C., Brown P.O., Botstein D., Lonning P., Borresen-Dale A.L. Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl. Acad Sci USA. 2001. 98, 10869-10874 South A.P., Cabral A., Ives J.H., James C.H., Mirza G., Marenholz I., Mischke D., Backendorf C., Ragoussis J., Nizetic D. Human epidermal differentiation complex in a single 2.5 Mbp long continuum of overlapping DNA cloned in bacteria integrating physical and transcript maps.J Invest Dermatol. 1999. 112, 910-918 Stulik J., Osterreicher J., Koupilova K., Knizek K., Macela A., Bures J., Jandik P., Langr F., Dedic K., Jungblut P.R. The analysis of S100A8 and S100A9 expression in matched sets of macroscopically normal colon mucosa and colorectal carcinoma: the S100A9 and S100A8 positive cells underlie and invade tumour mass. Electrophoresis. 1999. 20, 1047-1054 Takagi H., Sharp R., Takayama H., Anver M.R., Ward J.M., Merlino G. Collaboration between growth factors and diverse chemical carcinogens in hepatocarcinogenesis of transforming growth factor α transgenic mice. Cancer Res. 1993. 53, 4329-4336 Teratani T., Watanabe T., Kuwahara F., Kumagai H., Kobayashi S., Aoki U., Ishikawa A., Arai K., Nozawa R. Induced transcriptional expression of calcium-binding protein S100A1 and S100A10 genes in human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett. 2002. 175, 71-77 Venter J.C., et al. The sequence of the human genome. Science. 2001. 291,1304-1351 Wang E., Ma W.-J., Aghajanian C., Spriggs D. R. Posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression in human epithelial carcinoma cells by adenine-uridine-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated region of tumor necrosis factor-alpha messenger RNA. Cancer Res. 1997. 57, 5426-5433 Wasserman W.W., Sandelin A. Applied bioinformatics for the identification of regulatory elements. Nat Rev Genet. 2004. 5, 276-287 Welsh J.B., Gill G.N., Rosenfeld M.G., Wells A. A negative feedback loop attenuates EGF-induced morphological changes. J Cell Biol. 1991. 114, 533-543 Weterman M.A.J., Wilbrink M., Dijkhuizen T., van den Berg E., van Kessel A.G. Fine mapping of the 1q21 breakpoint of the papillary renal cell carcinoma-associated (X;1) translocation. Hum Genet. 1996. 98,16-21 Wicki R., Franz C., Scholl F.A., Heizmann C.W., Schäfer B.W. Repression of the candidate tumor suppressor gene S100A2 in breast cancer is mediated by site-specific hypermethylation. Cell Calcium. 1997. 22, 243-254 Witton C.J., Reeves J.R., Going J.J., Cooke T.G., Bartlett J.M.S. Expression of the HER1-4 family of receptor tyrosine kinases in breast cancer. J Pathol. 2003. 200, 290-297 Wright F.A., Lemon W.J., Zhao W.D., Sears R., Zhuo D., Wang J.P., Yang H.Y., Baer T., Stredney D., Spitzner J., Stutz A., Krahe R., Yuan B. A draft annotation and overview of the human genome. Genome Biol.2001. 2(7), 0025.1-0025.18 Xiong Z., O’Hanlon D., Becker L.E., Roder J., MacDonalds J.F., Marks A. Enhanced calcium transients in glial cells in neonatal cerebellar cultures derived from S100B null mice. Exp Cell Res2000 . 257 281-289 Yarden Y., Sliwkowski M.X. Untangling the ERBB signalling networkNature Rev.2001 . 2, 127-137 Yonemura Y., Endou Y., Kimura K., Fushida S., Bandou E., Taniguchi K., Kinoshita K., Ninomiya I., Sugiyama K., Heizmann C.W., Schäfer B.W., Sasaki T. Inverse expression of S100A4 and E-cadherin is associated with metastatic potential in gastric cancer.Clin Cancer Res2000 . 6, 4234-4242 Zhang L., Fogg D.K., Waisman D.M. RNA interference-mediated silencing of the S100A10 gene attenuates plasmin generation and invasiveness of Colo 222 colorectal cancer cells.J Biol Chem2004 279, 2053-2062 Zhao Y., Neltner B.S., Davis H.W. Role of MARCS in regulating endothelial cell proliferation.Am J Physiol2000. 279 C1611-C1620 Zhi H., Zhang J., Hu G., Lu J., Wang X., Zhou C., Wu M., Liu Z. The deregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism-related genes in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Int J Cancer2003 106 327-333