1. Valujskikh A, Heeger P. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay for detection of alloreactive cytokine-reacting cells-detailed methods. Graft. 4: 195-201, 2001

2. First MR. Renal function as a predictor of long-term graft survival in renal transplant patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 18 Suppl 1:3-6, 2003

3. Frei U, Schober-Halstenberg HJ. Nierenersatztherapie in Deutschland-Bericht über Dialysebehandlung und Nierentransplantation in Deutschland 2002/2003. Quasi Niere gGmbH

4. Lutz J; Stangl M; Heemann U. Nierentransplantation in Deutschland-2002. Zentralbl Chir. 128 (10):816-820, 2003

5. Jahresbericht Deutsche Stiftung Organtransplantation, Nierentransplantation. Organ transplantation 2002. In: Organspende und Transplantation in Deutschland 2002: 28-32

6. Tedesco-Silva H, Mourad G, Kahan BD et al. FTY720, a novel immunomodulator: efficiency and safety results from the first phase 2A study in de novo renal transplantation. Transplantation. 77 (12):1826-1833, 2004

7. Kirk AD, Hale DA, Mannon RB et al. Results from a human renal allograft tolerance trial evaluating the humanized CD52-specific monoclonal antibody alemtuzumab (CAMPATH-1H). Transplantation. 15;76 (1):120-129, 2003

8. Cecka JM. The UNOS renal transplant registry. Clin Transpl. 1-18, 2001

9. Rush DN, Henry SF, Jeffery JR et al. Histological findings in early routine biopsies of stable renal allograft recipients. Transplantation. 57:208-211, 1994

10. d´Ardenne AJ, Dunnill MS, Thompson JF et al. Cyclosporin and renal graft histology. J Clin Pathol. 39:145-151, 1986

11. Morris PJ. Renal transplantation. In: Tilney NL, Strom TB, Paul LC, eds. Transplantation Biology: Cellular and Molecular Aspects.

12. Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin B et al. The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney Int. 55 (2):713-723, 199 9

13. Cecka JM, Terasaki PI. The UNOS Scientific Renal Transplant Registry. Clin Transpl.:1-16, 1992

14. O’Rourke RW, Osorio RW, Freise CE et al. Flow cytometry crossmatching as a predictor of acute rejection in sensitized recipients of cadaveric renal transplants. Clin Transplant.14 (2):167-73, 2000

15. Rush DN, Nickerson P, Gough J et al. Beneficial effects of treatment of early subclini-cal rejection: A randomized study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 9:2129-2134, 1998

16. Halloran PF, Melk A, Barth C. Rethinking chronic allograft nephropathy: the concept of accelerated senescence. J Am Soc Nephrol. 10:167-181, 1999

17. Gjertson DW. A multi-factor analysis of kidney graft outcomes at one and five years posttransplantation: 1996 UNOS update. In: Clinical Transplants 1996, edited by Cecka JM, Terasaki PI, Los Angeles, UCLA Tissue Typing Laboratory. 343-360, 1997

18. Parmer MS, Kjellstrand CM, Solez K et al. Glomerular endothelial cell detachment in paired cadaver kidney transplants: Evidence that some cadaver donors have pre-existing endothelial injury. Clin Transplant. 8:120-127, 1994

19. Opelz G, Wujciak T, Ritz E. The Collaborative Transplant Study: Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure. Kidney Int. 53:217-222, 1998

20. Modena FM, Hostetter TH, Salahudeen AK et al. Progression of kidney disease in chronic renal transplant rejection. Transplantation. 52:239 -244, 1991

21. Guijarro C, Massy ZA, Kasiske BL. Clinical correlation between renal allograft failure and hyperlipidemia. Kidney Int. 48:56-59, 1995

22. Matas AJ, Gillingham KJ, Payne WD et al. The impact of an acute rejection episode on long-term renal allograft survival (t1/2). Transplantation. 57 (6):857-859, 1994

23. van Saase CM, van der Woude FJ, Thorogood J et al. The relation between acute vascular and interstitial renal allograft rejection and subsequent chronic rejection. Transplantation 59:1280-1285, 1995

24. Opelz G. Strength of HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR mismatches in relation to short- and long-term kidney graft survival. Collaborative Transplant Study. Transpl Int. 5 Suppl 1:621-624, 1992

25. Susal C, Opelz G. Kidney graft failure and presensitization against HLA class I and class II antigens. Transplantation. 73: 1269-1273, 2002

26. Baker RJ, Hernandez-Fuentes MP, Brookes PA et al. Loss of direct and maintenance of indirect alloresponses in renal allograft recipients: Implications for the pathogenesis of chronic allograft nephropathy. J of Immunol. 167:7199-7206, 2001

27. Abe M, Kawai T, Futatsuyama K et al. Postoperative production of antidonor antibody and chronic rejection in renal transplantation. Transplantation. 63: 1616-1619, 1997

28. Halloran PF, Homik J, Goes N et al. The “injury response”: A concept linking nonspecific injury, acute rejection, and long term transplant outcomes. Transplant Proc. 29:79 -81, 1997

29. Shoskes D, Parfrey NA, Halloran PF. Increased major histocompatibility complex antigen expression in unilateral ischemic acute tubular necrosis in the mouse. Transplantation. 49:201-207, 1990

30. Troppmann C, Gillingham KJ, Benedetti E et al. Delayed graft function, acute rejection, and outcome after cadaver renal transplantation. Transplantation. 59: 962-968, 1995

31. Cosio FG, Pesavento TE et al. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus: Increasing inci dence in renal allograft recipients transplanted in recent years. Kidney Int. 59: 732-7, 2001

32. Midtvedt K, Hartmann A. Hypertension after kidney transplantation: Are treatment guidelines emerging? Nephrol Dial Transplant. 17:1166-1169, 2002

33. Kobashigaba JA, Kasiske BL. Hyperlipidemia in solid organ transplantation. Transplantation. 63:331-338, 1997

34. Brattstrom C, Wilczek H, Tyden G et al. Hyperlipidemia in renal transplants treated with sirolimus (rapamycin). Transplantation. 65:1272-1274, 1998

35. Hijazi F, Zand MS, Demme RA. Long-term management of post-transplant anemia and erythrocytosis. Graft. 4:307-315, 2001

36. Rodino MA, Shane E. Osteoporosis after organ transplantation. Am J Med. 104:459-69, 1998

37. Opelz G, Wujciak T, Ritz E. Association of chronic kidney graft failure with recipient blood pressure. Collaborative Transplant Study. Kidney Int. 53:217-222, 1998

38. Wissing KM, Abramokicz D, Broeders N et al. Hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased kidney graft loss caused by rejection in male patients with previous acute rejection. Transplantation. 70:464-472, 2000

39. Foley RN, Parfrey PS, Sarnak MJ. Clinical epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in chronic renal disease. Am J Kidey Dis. 32:113-119, 1998

40. Kasiske BL, Vazquez MA, Harmon WE et al. Recommendations for the outpatient surveillance of renal transplant recipients. American Society of Transplantation. J Am Soc Nephrol. 11:1-86, 2000

41. Penn I. Post-transplant malignancy: the role of immunosuppression. Drug Saf. 23 (2):101-13, 2000

42. Lutz J, Heemann U. Tumours after kidey transplantation. Curr Opin Urol. 13:105-9, 2003

43. Sheil A. Patterns of malignancies following renal transplantation. Transplant Proc. 31:1263-1265, 1999

44. Colleoni G, Oliveira J, Borducchi D et al. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) after renal transplantation: management and evolution of seven cases among 1002 renal transplants in Sao Paolo , Brazil . Leuk Lymphoma. 39:145150, 2000

45. Opelz G, Dohler B. Lymphomas after solid organ transplantation: a collaborative transplant study report . Am J Transplant. 4 (2):222-230, 2004

46. Sia IG, Paya CV. Infectious complications following renal transplantation. Renal Transplantation Surg Clin North Am. (1):95-112, 1998

47. Rubin RH, Tolkoff-Rubin NE. Opportunistic infections in renal allograft recipients. Transplant Proc. 20:12-8, 1988

48. Rubin RH. Prevention of cytomegalovirus infection in organ transplant recipients. Transplant Infect Dis. 2 (3) :90-100, 2000

49. Isoniemi HM, Ahonen J, Tikkanen MJ et al. Long-term consequences of different immunosuppressive regimens for renal allografts. Transplantation. 55:494-499, 1993

50. Johnson RW, Kreis H, Oberbauer R et al. Sirolimus allows early withdrawal in renal transplantation resulting in improved renal function and lower blood pressure. Transplantation.72:777-786, 2001

51. Ahsan N, Hricik D, Matas A et al. Prednisone withdrawal in kidney transplant recipients on cyclosporine and mycophenolate Mofetil-A prospective randomised study. Steroid Withdrawal Study Group. Transplantation. 68:1865-1874, 1999

52. Vincenti F. Immunosuppression Minimization: Current and future trends in transplant immunosuppression. Review. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14:1940-1948, 2003

53. Nickerson P, Jeffery J, Gough J et al. Effect of Increasing Baseline on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical rejection: a pilot study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 10:1801-1805, 1999

54. Suthanthiran M, Strom TB . Renal transplantation. N Engl J Med. 331:365-376, 1994

55. Ortho Multicenter Transplant Study Group. A randomized clinical trial of OKT3 monoclonal antibody for acute rejection of cadaveric renal transplants. N Engl J Med. 313:337, 1985

56. Abbas AK, Lichtmann AH, Pober JS. Cellular and molecular Immunobiology. 2^nd edition, W.B. Saunders Company, 1994

57. McAdam AJ, Schweitzer AN, Sharper AH. The role of B7 costimulation in activation and differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Immunol Rev. 165:231-247, 1998

58. Rogers PR, Dubey C, Swain SL. Qualitative changes accompany memory T cell generation: faster, more effective responses at lower doses of antigen. J Immunol. 164: 2334-2346, 2000

59. Janeway CA ; Travers P; Walport M et al. The adaptive immune response. In: Immunobiology. 5th ed.

60. Dubey C, Croft M, Swain SL. Naive and effector CD4 T cells differ in their requirement for T cell receptor versus costimulary signals. J Immunol. 157:3280-3289, 1996

61. Veiga-Fernandes H, Walter U, Bourgeois C et al. Response of naïve and memory CD8 T cells to antigen stimulation in vivo. Nat Immunol. 1:47-53, 2000

62. Sprent J, Surh C. T cell memory. Annu Rev Immunol. 20:551-579, 2002

63. Epperson DE , Pober JS. Antigen-presenting function of human endothelian cells. Direct activation of resting CD8 T cells. J Immunol. 153:5402-5412, 1994

64. Perez VL, Henault L, Lichtman AH. Endothelial antigen presentation: stimulation of previously activated but not naïve TCR-transgenic mouse cells. Cell Immunol. 189:31-40, 1998

65. Hutchinson IV. Cellular mechanisms of allograft rejection. Curr Opin Immunol. 3:722-728, 1991

66. Dorling A, Lechler RI . The passenger leukocyte, dendritic cell and antigen presenting cell (APC) , in Tilney NL, Strom TB, Leendert CP (editors). Transplantation biology - cellular and molecular aspects,

67. Benichou G, Takisawa PA, Olson CA et al. Donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptides are presented by recipient MHC molecules during graft rejection. J Exp Med. 175 (1): 305-308, 1992

68. Shoskes DA, Wood KJ. Indirect presentation of MHC antigens in transplantation. Immunol. today. 15: 32-38, 1994

69. Hornick et al. Significant frequencies of T cells with indirect anti-donor specifity in patients with chronic cardiac allograft rejection. Circulation. 101 (20):2405-2410, 2000

70. Vella JP, Spadafora-Ferreira M, Murphy B et al. Indirect allorecognition of major histocompatibility complex allopeptides in human renal transplant recipients with chronic graft dysfunction. Transplantation. 64 (6): 795-800, 1997

71. Liu Z, Colovai AI, Tugulea S et al. Indirect recognition of donor HLA-DR peptides in organ allograft rejection. J Clin Invest. 198 (5):1150-1157, 1996

72. Ciubotariu R, Liu Z, Colovai AI et al. Persistent allopeptide reactivity and epitope spreading in chronic rejection of organ allografts. J Clin Invest. 101 (2):398-405, 1998

73. Lafferty KJ, Cunningham AJ. A new analysis of allogeneic interactions. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 53 (1):27-42, 1975

74. Lowry RP. DTH-induced tissue injury, in: Tilney NL, Strom TB, Leendert CP (editors). Transplantation biology-cellular and molecular aspects,

75. Bolton EM, Gracie JA, Briggs JD et al. Cellular requirements for renal allograft rejection in the athymic nude rat. J Exp Med. 169: 931-946, 1989

76. Bolton EM, Armstrong HE, Briggs JD et al: Cellular requirements for first-set renal allograft rejection. Transplant Proc. 19:321-3, 1987

77. Lipman ML, Stevens AC, Strom TB. Heightened intragraft CTL gene expression in acutely rejecting renal allografts. J Immunol. 152 (10):5120-5127, 1994

78. Lipman ML, Stevens AC et al. The strong correlation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-specific serine protease gene transcripts with renal allograft rejection. Transplantation. 53 (1):73-79, 1992

79. Bergese SD, Klenotic SM, Wakely ME et al. Apoptosis in murine cardiac grafts. Transplantation. 63 (2):320-325, 1997

80. Ito H, Kasagi N, Shomori K et al. Apoptosis in the human allografted kidney. Analysis by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated DUTP-botin nick end labeling. Transplantation. 60 (8):794-798, 1995

81. Moudgil A, Bagga A, Toyoda M et al. Expression of gamma-IFN mRNA in bronchoal-veolar lavage fluid correlates with early acute allograft rejection in lung transplant recipients. Clin Transplant. 13 (2):201-207 , 1999

82. van Besouw NM, Daane CR, Vaessen LM et al. Different patterns in donor-specific production of T-helper 1 and 2 cytokines by cells infiltrating the rejecting cardiac allograft. J Heart Lung Transplant. 14(5):816-23, 1995

83. Nagano H, Mitchell RN, Taylor ML et al. Interferon- deficiency prevents coronary arteriosclerosis but not myocardial rejection in transplanted mouse hearts. J. Clin. Invest. 100 (3):550-557, 1997

84. Sprent J. Lifespan of naïve, memory and effector lymphocytes. Curr Opin Immunol. 5 (3):433-438, 1993

85. Brehm MA, Markees TG, Daniels KA et al. Direct visualization of cross-reactive effector and memory allo-specific CD8 T cells generated in response to viral infections. J Immunol. 170 (8):4077-4086, 2003

86. Pantenburg B, Heinzel F, Das L et al. T cells primed by Leishmania major infection cross-react with alloantigens and alter the course of allograft rejection. J Immunol. 169 (7):3686-93, 2002

87. Burrows SR et al. Cross-reactive memory T cells for Epstein-Barr virus augment the alloresponse to common human leukocyte antigens: degenerate recognition of major histocompatibility complex-bound peptide by T cells and its role in alloreactivity. Eur J Immunol. 27 (7):1726-1736, 1997

88. Dutton RW, Bradley LM, Swain SL. T cell memory. Annu Rev Immunol. 16:201-223, 1998

89. Valujskikh A, Lakkis FG. In remembrance of things past: memory T cells and transplant rejection. Immunol Rev. 196: 65-74, 2003

90. Creemers P, Du Toit E, Cassidy MJ et al. Sequential mixed lymphocyte culture after kidney transplantation: induction of tolerance or sensitization. Nephron 75 (2):166-70, 1997

91. Van der Mast BJ, van Besouw NM, de Kuiper P et al. Pretransplant donor-specific helper T cell reactivity as a tool for tailoring the individual need for immunosuppression. Transplantation. 72 (5):873-80, 2001

92. Steinmann J, Kaden J, May G et al. Failure of in vitro T cell assays to predict clinical outcome after human kidney transplantation. J Clin Lab Anal. 8(3):157-162, 1994

93. Volk HD, Kern F. Insights into the specifity and function of (allo)antigen-reactive T cells. Am J Transplant. 1:109-114, 2001

94. Matesic D, Lehmann PV, Heeger PS. High-resolution characterization of cytokine-producing alloreactivity in naive and allograft-primed mice. Transplantation. 65: 906-914, 1998

95. Heeger PS, Greenspan NS, Kuhlenschmidt S et al. Pretransplant frequency of donor-specific, IFN-gamma-producing lymphocytes is a manifestation of immunologic memory and correlates with the risk of posttransplant rejection episodes. J Immunol. 163: 2267-2275, 1999

96. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 130:46 1, 1999

97. Bradley L. Migration and T-lymphocyte effector function. Curr Opin in Immunol. 15:343-348, 2003

98. Smith G et al. Measurement of cell-mediated immunity with a Varicella-Zoster Virus specific interferon-gamma ELISpot-assay:responses in elderly population receiving a booster immunization. J Med Virol. 70:38-41, 2003

99. Asai T et al. In vitro cytolytic T lymphocytes reactive against head and neck cancer recognize multiple epitopes presented by HLA-A2, including peptides derived from the p53 and MDM-2 proteins. Cancer Immunol. 2:3, 2002

100. Pelfrey CM et al. Quantification of self-recognition in multiple sclerosis by single-cell analysis of cytokine production. J Immunol. 165:1641-1651, 2000

101. Hernandez-Fuentes MP, Warrens AN, Lechler RI. Immunologic Monitoring. Immuno-logical Reviews. 196: 247-264, 2003

102. Gebauer BS, Hricik DE et al. Evolution of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay for posttransplant alloreactivity as a potentailly useful immune monitoring tool. Am J Transplant. 2 (9):857-66, 2002

103. Galdiero M, Cipollaro de l’Ero G et al. Effects of irradiation doses on alterations in cytokine release by monocytes and lymphocytes. J Med. 25 (1-2):23-40, 1994

104. Rush D. Winnipeg Transplant Group. Insights into subclinical rejection. Transplant Proc. 36 (2):71-73, 2004

105. Legendre C, Thervet E, Skhiri H et al. Histologic features of chronic allograft nephropathy revealed by protocol biopsies in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 65: 1506, 1999

106. Shishido S, Asanuma H, Nakai H et al. The impact of repeated subclinical acute rejection on the progression of chronic allograft nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 14: 1046, 2003

107. Birk PE, Stannard KM, Konrad HB et al. Surveillance biopsies are superior to functional studies for the diagnosis of acute and chronic renal allograft pathology in children. Pediatr Transplant . 8 (1): 29-38, 2004

108. Heeger PS. T cell allorecognition and transplant rejection: a summary and update. Am J Transplant. 3:525-533, 2003

109. Jones ND, Turvey SE, van Maurik A et al. Differential susceptibility of heart, skin, and islet allografts to T cell-mediated rejection. J Immunol. 166 (4):2824-2830, 2001

110. Honjo K, Xu Xy, Bucy RP. Heterogeneity of T cell clones specific for a single indirect alloantigenic epitope (I-AB/H-2Kd54-68) that mediate transplant rejection. Transplant. 70 (10):1516-1524, 2000

111. Pietra BA, Wiseman A, Bolwerk A et al. CD4 T cell-mediated cardiac allograft rejection requires donor but not host MHC class II. J Clin Invest 106 (8): 1003-1010, 2000

112. Serón D, Diaz-Gallo C, Grino JM et al. Characterization of interstitial infiltrate in early renal allograft biopsies in patients with stable renal function. Transplant Proc. 23:1267, 1991

113. Lechler RI et al. Immunogenicity of retransplanted rat kidney allografts. Effect of inducing chimerism in the first recipient and quantitative studies on immunosuppression of the second recipient. J Exp Med. 156 (6):1835-1841, 1982

114. Lechler RI , Batchelor JR. Restoration of immunogenicity to passenger cell-depleted kidney allografts by the addition of donor strain dentritic cells. J Exp Med. 155 (1): 31-41, 1982

115. Zanker B, Jooss-Rudiger J et al. Evidence that functional deletion of donor-reactive T lymphocytes in kidney allograft recipients can occur at the level of cytotoxic T cells, IL-2-producing T cells, or both. A limiting dilution study. Transplantation. 56 (3): 628-32, 1993

116. Braun MY, Grandjean I, Feunou P et al. Acute rejection in the absence of cognate recognition of allograft by T cells. J Immunol. 166 (8): 4879-4883, 2001

117. Valujskikh A, Matesic D, Gilliam A et al. T cells reactive to a single immunodominant self-restricted allopeptide induce skin graft rejection in mice. J Clin Invest 101 (6):1398-1407, 1998

118. Benichou G. Direct and indirect recognition: the pathways to allograft immune rejection. Front Biosci. 4: 476-480, 1999

119. He C, Heeger PS. CD8 T cells can reject major histocompatibility complex class I-deficient skin allografts. Am J Transplant. (5):698-704, 200 4

120. Benichou G, Valujskikh A, Heeger PS. Contributions of direct and indirect T-cell alloreactivity during allograft rejection in mice. J Immunol. 162 (1):352-358, 1999

121. Najafian N et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity to donor HLA-DR peptides: potential novel assay for prediction of outcomes for renal transplant recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 13:252-259, 2002

122. Segerer S, Cui Y, Eitner F et al. Expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors during human renal transplant rejection. Am J Kidney Dis. 37 (3):518-31, 2001

123. D´Elios MM, Josien R, Manghetti M et al. Predominant Th1 cell infiltration in acute rejection episodes of human kidney grafts. Kidney Int. 51 (6):1876-1884, 1997

124. Strom TB, Roy-Chaudhury P, Manfro R et al. The Th1/Th2 paradigm and the allograft response. Review, Curr Opin Immunol. 8:688, 1996

125. Reinke P, Schwinzer H, Hoflich C et al. Selective in vivo deletion of alloactivated TH1 cells by OKT3 monoclonal antibody in acute rejection. Immunol Lett. 57:151-153, 1997

126. Saggi BH, Fisher RA, Naar JD et al. Intragraft cytokine expression in tolerant rat renal allografts with rapamycin and cyclosporin immunosuppression. Clin Transplant. 13: 90-97, 1999

127. Zelenika D, Adams E, Humm S et al. The role of CD4+ cell subsets in determining transplantation rejection or tolerance. Immunol Rev. 182: 164-179, 2001

128. Xu GP, Sharma VK, Li B et al. Intragraft expression of IL10 messenger RNA: a novel correlate of renal allograft rejection. Kidney Int. 48 (5): 1504-1507, 1995

129. VanBuskirk AM, Wakely ME, Orosz CG. Transfusion of polarized TH2-like cell populations into SCID mouse cardiac allograft recipients results in acute allograft rejection. Transplantation. 62 (2):229-38, 1996

130. Delfs MW, Furukawa Y, Mitchell RN et al. CD8+ T cell subsets TC1 and TC2 cause different histopathologic forms of murine cardiac allograft rejection. Transplantation. 71 (5): 606-10, 2001

131. Braun MY, Desalle F, Le Moine A et al. IL-5 and eosinophils mediate the rejection of fully histoincompatible vascularized cardiac allografts: regulatory role of alloreactive CD8(+) T lymphocytes and IFN-gamma. Eur J Immunol. 30 (5):1290-1296, 2000

132. Tary-Lehmann M, Hricik DE, Justice AC et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay spot detection of interferon-[gamma] and interleukin 5-producing cells as predictive marker for renal allograft failure. Cinical Transplant. 66 (2):219-224, 1998

133. Sadeghi M, Daniel V, Weimer R et al. Pre-transplant Th1 and post-transplant Th2 cytokine patterns are associated with early acute rejection in renal transplant recipients. Clinical Transplant. 17: 151-157, 2003

134. Hricik D, Rodriguez V et al. Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Spot (ELISpot) assay for interferon-gamma independently predicts renal function in kidney transplant recipients. Am J Trans 3: 878-884, 2003

135. Van Hoffen E, Polen E, Robertus-Teunissen M et al. High frequency of IL4 producing helper T lymphocytes associated with a reduced incidence of heart allograft rejection. Transpl Int. 13(1): 216-224, 2000

136. Hu H, Robertus M, de Jonge N et al. Reduction of donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in peripheral blood of allografted heart recipients. Transplantation. 58 (11) : 1263-8 , 1994

137. Bouma GJ, van der Meer-Prins EM et al. Relevance of pretransplant donor-specific T cell allorepertoire for human kidney graft survival. Transplantation. 59 (7):969-76, 1995

138. Ouwehand AJ, Baan CC, Roelen DL et al. The detection of cytotoxic T cells with high-affinity receptors for donor antigens in the transplanted heart as a prognostic factor for graft rejection. Transplantation. 56 (5):1223-9, 1993

139. Vaessen LM, Daane CR, Maat AP et al. T helper frequencies in peripheral blood reflect donor-directed reactivity in the graft after clinical heart transplantation. Clin Exp Immunol. 118 (3):473-9, 1999

140. van Besouw NM, van der Mast BJ, de Kuiper P et al. Donor-specific Tcell reactivity identifies kidney transplant patients in whom immunosuppressive therapy can be safely reduced. Transplantation. 70 (1):136-43, 2000

141. Herzog WR, Zanker B, Irschick E et al. Selective reduction of donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in patients with a well-functioning kidney allograft. Transplantation. 43 (3):384-9, 1987

142. Eberspacher ML, Otto G, Herfarth C et al. Frequency analysis of donor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors in in allograft recipients. Lack of correlation with clinical outcome. Transplantation. 57 (12):1746-52, 1994

143. Loonen L, Vaessen L, Balk A et al. Long-term survival of heart grafts in the presence of donor-specific cytotoxic T-cell precursors (CTLp) in the peripheral blood. Transpl Int. 7 Suppl 1:S 596-8, 1994

144. Beik A, Higgins RM et al. Clinical significance of selective decline of donor-reactive, IL-2-producing T lymphocytes after renal transplantation. Transplant Immunology. 5:89-96, 1997

145. Wood KJ, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance. Nat Rev Immunol. 3:199-209, 2003

146. Garin MI, Lechler RI. Regulatory T cells. Curr Opin Org Transplant. 8:7-12, 2003

147. Kingsley C.I., Karim M, Bushell AR et al. CD25+CD4+ regulatory T cells prevent graft rejection: CTLA-4- and IL-10-dependent immunoregulation of alloresponses. J Immunol. 168:1080-1086, 2002

148. Josien R, Douillard P, Guillot C et al. A critical role for transforming growth factor-beta in donor transfusion-induced allograft tolerance. J Clin Invest. 102 (11):1920-6, 1998

149. Sawitzki B, Kingsley CI, Karim M et al. Interferon gamma production by regulatory T cells is prerequisite for their regulatory function in vivo. Eingereicht zur Publikation.

150. Billiau A, Heremans H, Vandekerckhove F et al. Enhancement of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice by antibodies against IFN-gamma. J Immunol. 140:1506-1510, 1988

151. Ferber IA , Brocke S, Taylor-Edwards C et al. Mice with a disrupted IFN-gamma gene are susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Immunol. 156 (1):5-7, 1996

152. Saleem S, Konieczny BT, Lowry RP et al. Acute rejection of vascularized heart allografts in the absence of IFNgamma. Transplantation. 62(12):1908-1911, 1996

154. Dalton DK, Haynes L, Chu CQ et al. Interferon gamma eliminates responding CD4 T cells during mycobacterial infection by inducing apoptosis of activated CD4 T cells. J. Exp. Med. 192:117-122, 2000

155. Badovinac V.P, Tvinnereim AR , Harty J T. Regulation of antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell homeostasis by perforin and interferon-gamma. Science. 290:1354-1358, 2000

156. Konieczny BT, Dai Z, Elwood ET et al. IFN-gamma is critical for long-term allograft survival induced by blocking the CD28 and CD40 ligand T cell costimulation pathways. J Immunol. 160:2059-2064, 1998

157. Valujskikh A, Pantenburg, Heeger PS. Primed allospecific T cells prevent the effects of costimulatory blockade on prolonged cardiac allograft survival in mice. Am J Transplant. 2:501, 2002

158. Zhai Y, Meng L, Gao F et al. Allograft rejection by primed/memory CD8(+) T cells is CD154 blockade resistant: therapeutic implications for sensitized transplant recipients. J Immunol. 169:4667-4673, 2002

159. Brinkmann V, Pinschewer DD, Feng L et al. FTY720: Altered lymphocyte traffic results in allograft protection. Transplantation. 72:764-769, 2001

160. Yagi H, Kamba R, Chiba K et al. Immunosuppressant FTY720 inhibits thymocyte emigration. Eur J Immunol. 30: 1435-1444, 2000

161. Nagahara Y, Enosawa S et al. Evidence that FTY720 induces T cell apoptosis in vivo. Immunopharmacology. 48:75-85, 2000

162. Pinschewer DD, Ochsenbein AF, Odermatt B et al. FTY720 immunosuppression impairs effector T-cell peripheral homing without affecting induction, expansion, and memory. J Immunol. 164:5761-5770, 2000

163. Brennan DC, Flavin K, Lowell JA et al. A randomized, double-blinded comparison of Thymoglobulin versus Atgam for induction immunosuppressive therapy in adult renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 67 (7):1011-8, 1999

164. Cobbold SP, Martin G, Waldmann H. The induction of skin graft tolerance in major histocompatibility complex-mismatched or primed recipients: primed T cells can be tolerized in the periphery with anti-CD4 and anti CD8 antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 20:2747-2755, 1990

165. Zhai Y, Kupiec-Weglinski JW. Alloreactive memory T cells in transplantation tolerance. Curr Opin in Org Transpl. 8:13-18, 2003