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Anhang A. Annexes

Annex I: Important events

Date	Where	Activities
14-18.10.96 18-22.11.96	DSE, Bad Honnef DITSL, Witzenhausen	Seminar on Participatory Development Work in Rural Areas, and GIS-Workshop
11-16.3.97	MHS and Nam Lang (NL)	TG-HDP meeting to review CLM
20.3.97	ICRAF Office (CMU)	Meeting with David Thomas on cooperation and integration of village maps into a GIS
3-4.4.97	Chiang Mai University (CMU)	Workshop with Hohenheim and Kasetsart University on Special Research Project (SRP)
28.4-2.5.97	Bangkok	Trip to DLD, RFD, IBSRAM, RECOFTC
25-28.5.97	MHS	Phasing out workshop with RIAs and RFD training on participatory working approaches (PWA), visit to RFD office data application
4-5.7.97	Chiang Mai University and Nam Lang	Meeting with Hohenheim and Kasetsart University on the new Special Research Project
2.9.97	CMU	ICRAF follow-up workshop on "Indigenous Strategies for Intensification of Shifting Cultivation in Southeast Asia" at CMU
18.9.97	Nam Lang and Huai Poo Ling	ONCB helicopter flight, aerial photographs of villages
11-13.9.97	NL, Luk Khao Lam, Huai Hea	NRM network meeting in Huai Hea on land conflict with Pa Puak, collection of village maps for digitisation
6-10.10.97	Chiang Mai University (CMU)	Hohenheim, Kasetsart and CMU seminar on joint MSc projects
17.10.97	TG-HDP	Seminar on integration of village maps into GIS with 15 people and Dr. Saengsawan from Chulalongkorn University, ArcView3 given
28-30.11.97	MHS, Huai Hee	Ecotourism trip and hiking with Tawatchai Ratanasorn and GO/NGO group
11-12.12.97	Hohenheim University	Tropentag, Poster Presentation
6.2.98	Chiang Mai University	Seminar on the new Special Research Project
2-6.3.98	Huai Thong, HPL, Huai Hee, MHS, NL, Huai Hea, Luk Khao Lam, Bor Khrai	Trip with Prof. Dr. Uwe Nagel to villages to study CLM situation, discussion of future research and structure
11-12.3.98	MHS	Provincial centre for DOLA village boundaries
28.4.-4.5.98	Bangkok	Meetings at DLD, RFD and Royal Survey Department (RSD) for aerial photographs
25-29.5.98	Doi Inthanon, Mae Chaem, Yang San, NL, Bor Khrai, Tung Jaw	Community Leaders Cross-Visit Programme of TG-HDP prior to final NRM international workshop, discussions of problem situation

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1-5.6.98	Empress Hotel Chiang Mai	TG-HDP workshop on NRM experiences in highlands, presentation of own first results
8-11.6.98	Bangkok	Collection of aerial photographs at RSD
26.11.98	ICRAF office Chiang Mai	Handing over of ArcView 3 software and digitised maps
1-3.7.98	Rincome Hotel Chiang Mai	GTZ Regional Working Group meeting
25-26.8.98	Mae Hong Son	TG-HDP farewell ceremony with the Governor
4.9.98	Empress Hotel Chiang Mai	TG-HDP closing ceremony
29.10.98	Chiang Mai University	Introductory seminar for Hohenheim students
26.11.98	ICRAF office Chiang Mai	Handing over of ArcView 3 software and digitised maps
18.12.98	Mae Lanna	ONCB helicopter flight, opium survey
26.1.99	CMU	MSc thesis defence of Tawatchai Ratanasorn on hill tribes and ecotourism
27-29.1.99	Rincome Hotel Chiang Mai	CARE workshop on "Sustainable agriculture and survival of watershed forests"
18-22.2.99	CMU, all 6 target villages	Final workshop for presentation of results, with 2 MSc students, and village field trip to discuss results with village leaders in project areas
9.3.99	Alliance Française, Informal Northern Thai Group	Presentation on: "Does participatory Land Use Planning have a chance with hill tribes?"
23-28.5.99	Purdue University (USA)	Paper presentation at 10th ISCO Conference
14-15.10.99	Humboldt University Berlin	Tropentag, paper presentation
11-12.10.00	University of Hohenheim	Tropentag, paper presentation

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Annex II: Questionnaire for village surveys

146

147

148

Annex III: Questionnaire for TAO members

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Annex IV: Research Plan

Part 1: The change process from shifting cultivation to permanent agriculture

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of Survey	Data Sources
Background of Highlands	How did highland development start?	Highland development was a means of pacification and centralised control	texts of development projects, interviews	Books on highlands
Development and forest resources	How were priorities for highland development set?	Massive exploitation from 1880; development came only in 1970s	literature, RFD history papers	RFD office, university
From opium to perm. agriculture	What were the motivations behind changing highland agriculture?	Thailand used aid to develop its frontiers; erosion issues came later	literature, interviews with old people	Books by projects, NESDB and plans
MSc thesis topics: 1. Eco-tourism 2. GIS use for LUP 3. Fruit trees	Effects of eco-tourism on land use? How can TG-HDP information be integrated into GIS? Impact of fruit trees?	Eco-tourism is an increasing source of income GIS will be used more in future Limited potential of fruit trees in hills	separate proposals and planning steps	HU, MCC, Non-Formal Education, Geography Dept. at CMU

Part 2: Definition and process of participatory land use planning

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of survey	Data sources
Definition of LUP and purpose	Who and what are we planning for?	LUP as technology extension was not sufficient, work more with people	literature, aims of development projects	GTZ, FAO guidelines, articles
LUP in Thailand, overview	Is planning done in political or watershed units, role of villagers?	Western influence brought PLP to Thailand, villagers have to comply	literature survey, study of various plans	NESDB Plan, RFD and DLD plans
Methods and tools used in TG-HDP	Emphasis on individual or communal land tenure, effect of decentralisation?	Planning is at a stage where it goes further than mere illustration	literature and project documents	CMU and project reviews

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Part 3: Traditional land use planning practices

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of survey	Data sources
State of swiddening in transition	What future do these systems have, can they adapt to govt. priorities?	Shifting cultivation is history, future is permanent farming	literature, interviews, PRA, mapping	documents, field staff, village leaders
Traditional planning	How can traditional knowledge be used in the transformation process?	Planning has to conform to government priorities for acceptance	interviews, models and mapping, PRA	target villages for surveys
Importance of rice	Rice and other food sources?	Where irrigation, paddy rice grown	PRA, interviews	target villages
Role of opium	Did most cash come from opium or was it only a safety crop to rely on?	opium became an issue as govt. and foreign projects made it a problem	literature and interviews	Social Research Centre of CMU

Part 4: Impact of Development Programmes on land use planning

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of Survey	Data sources
Government Agencies	What are the highland plans and how are they co-ordinated?	Largely sectoral planning, little joint efforts, RFD dominates highlands	literature, interviews in target villages	Govt. documents and target villages
Bilateral Projects	Introduced planning and purpose?	Participatory planning was new way	literature, interviews	project documents
NGO Projects	How can they approach LUP?	NGOs are now more recognised by Thai Government, not as a threat	literature and interviews	NGOs and villagers

Part 5: Political and Institutional Framework for land use planning

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of survey	Data sources
Village structures	Village structure enough for planning?	Villages need coherent social structure	interviews village visits	TG-HDP, villages
Higher levels of planning: Tambon	Can GIS be integrated in process?	Policy still in process of formulation, little to no effect yet	village meetings, GPS use for mapping	target villages and TAO councils
Process of decentralisation	Which new mandates will TAOs have for NRM?	TAOs need technical support to make NRM plans	literature and TAO meetings	DOLA, RFD, DLD

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Part 6: Planning Natural Resource Management in future

Section (topic)	Research Questions	Hypotheses	Means of Survey	Data sources
Continuation of decentralisation	Should NRM be linked to land rights, and in what form, watershed level?	No immediate chance for land titles, only communal user rights	interviews, aerial photographs	target villages, administrations
Projection of Karen system	Future of NRM with local regulations, diversified incomes?	Govt. recognition of fallow areas crucial for viability of the system	PRA, interviews, mapping	target villages, local administrations
Future of Pioneer system	Can complete adaptation to permanent agriculture be achieved?	Abandonment of traditional practices necessary for permanent agriculture	PRA, interviews, scenarios for future village situation	target villages, local administrations
Planning Platform	Mandates and operational structure?	RFD, DLD, DOLA membership must	Proposed structure	Highland Plans

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