<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Linksventrikuläre Expression verschiedener Housekeeping-Gene bei kardialer Hypertrophie und Herzinsuffizienz</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Jeannine Rettschlag</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10090" part="chapter1" ref="N10090" type="pagenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1009B" part="chapter1" ref="N1009B" type="section">1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100A8" part="chapter1" ref="N100A8" type="pagenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100AF" part="chapter1" ref="N100AF" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N100B7" part="chapter1" ref="N100B7" type="subsection">1.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E2" part="chapter1" ref="N100E2" type="pagenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100E9" part="chapter1" ref="N100E9" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N100F8" part="chapter1" ref="N100F8" type="subsection">1.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N100FC" part="chapter1" ref="N100FC" type="pagenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1012A" part="chapter1" ref="N1012A" type="pagenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10130" part="chapter1" ref="N10130" type="subsection">1.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1015D" part="chapter1" ref="N1015D" type="subsection">1.1.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10161" part="chapter1" ref="N10161" type="pagenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1019B" part="chapter1" ref="N1019B" type="pagenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101C3" part="chapter1" ref="N101C3" type="pagenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N101CA" part="chapter1" ref="N101CA" type="section">1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10201" part="chapter1" ref="N10201" type="pagenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10211" part="chapter1" ref="N10211" type="pagenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10216" part="chapter1" ref="N10216" type="subsection">1.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10222" part="chapter1" ref="N10222" type="subsection">1.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1022C" part="chapter1" ref="N1022C" type="pagenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10232" part="chapter1" ref="N10232" type="subsection">1.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10237" part="chapter1" ref="N10237" type="block">1.2.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1024A" part="chapter1" ref="N1024A" type="pagenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10259" part="chapter1" ref="N10259" type="block">1.2.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10269" part="chapter1" ref="N10269" type="pagenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1026F" part="chapter1" ref="N1026F" type="block">1.2.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1027C" part="chapter1" ref="N1027C" type="pagenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10282" part="chapter1" ref="N10282" type="block">1.2.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10293" part="chapter1" ref="N10293" type="section">1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10297" part="chapter1" ref="N10297" type="pagenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102A5" part="chapter1" ref="N102A5" type="subsection">1.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102AE" part="chapter1" ref="N102AE" type="subsection">1.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102B8" part="chapter1" ref="N102B8" type="pagenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102CB" part="chapter1" ref="N102CB" type="pagenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102D5" part="chapter1" ref="N102D5" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N102DE" part="chapter1" ref="N102DE" type="subsection">1.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102EB" part="chapter1" ref="N102EB" type="pagenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102FD" part="chapter1" ref="N102FD" type="subsection">1.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10301" part="chapter1" ref="N10301" type="pagenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1030B" part="chapter1" ref="N1030B" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N10318" part="chapter1" ref="N10318" type="pagenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1032A" part="chapter2" ref="N1032A" type="pagenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10343" part="chapter3" ref="N10343" type="pagenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10348" part="chapter3" ref="N10348" type="section">3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1034D" part="chapter3" ref="N1034D" type="subsection">3.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10359" part="chapter3" ref="N10359" type="subsection">3.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10361" part="chapter3" ref="N10361" type="block">3.1.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1036E" part="chapter3" ref="N1036E" type="pagenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10378" part="chapter3" ref="N10378" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N10381" part="chapter3" ref="N10381" type="block">3.1.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10385" part="chapter3" ref="N10385" type="pagenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10392" part="chapter3" ref="N10392" type="subsection">3.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1039F" part="chapter3" ref="N1039F" type="section">3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103A3" part="chapter3" ref="N103A3" type="pagenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103B0" part="chapter3" ref="N103B0" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N103BD" part="chapter3" ref="N103BD" type="pagenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103E2" part="chapter3" ref="N103E2" type="pagenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103E9" part="chapter3" ref="N103E9" type="mm">429#224</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103F8" part="chapter3" ref="N103F8" type="subsection">3.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10400" part="chapter3" ref="N10400" type="block">3.2.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10404" part="chapter3" ref="N10404" type="pagenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10417" part="chapter3" ref="N10417" type="pagenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1041D" part="chapter3" ref="N1041D" type="block">3.2.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10427" part="chapter3" ref="N10427" type="mm">622#56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10433" part="chapter3" ref="N10433" type="block">3.2.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1043D" part="chapter3" ref="N1043D" type="pagenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136584541" part="chapter3" ref="_1136584541" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10447" part="chapter3" ref="N10447" type="mm">377#157</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10452" part="chapter3" ref="N10452" type="subsection">3.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10456" part="chapter3" ref="N10456" type="pagenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1045B" part="chapter3" ref="N1045B" type="block">3.2.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10468" part="chapter3" ref="N10468" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N105B5" part="chapter3" ref="N105B5" type="block">3.2.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105B9" part="chapter3" ref="N105B9" type="pagenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105C9" part="chapter3" ref="N105C9" type="pagenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105D5" part="chapter3" ref="N105D5" type="block">3.2.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105DF" part="chapter3" ref="N105DF" type="pagenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105E6" part="chapter3" ref="N105E6" type="mm">366#272</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105F7" part="chapter3" ref="N105F7" type="pagenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105FD" part="chapter3" ref="N105FD" type="block">3.2.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1060A" part="chapter3" ref="N1060A" type="pagenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10610" part="chapter3" ref="N10610" type="block">3.2.2.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1061F" part="chapter3" ref="N1061F" type="block">3.2.2.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10629" part="chapter3" ref="N10629" type="pagenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136584717" part="chapter3" ref="_1136584717" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136584730" part="chapter3" ref="_1136584730" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136584747" part="chapter3" ref="_1136584747" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136585110" part="chapter3" ref="_1136585110" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136585306" part="chapter3" ref="_1136585306" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136585364" part="chapter3" ref="_1136585364" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136585367" part="chapter3" ref="_1136585367" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10648" part="chapter3" ref="N10648" type="mm">610#289</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10653" part="chapter3" ref="N10653" type="pagenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10659" part="chapter3" ref="N10659" type="block">3.2.2.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10666" part="chapter3" ref="N10666" type="subsection">3.2.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1066B" part="chapter3" ref="N1066B" type="block">3.2.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10678" part="chapter3" ref="N10678" type="pagenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10684" part="chapter3" ref="N10684" type="block">3.2.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1068E" part="chapter3" ref="N1068E" type="pagenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10695" part="chapter3" ref="N10695" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1076E" part="chapter3" ref="N1076E" type="block">3.2.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10778" part="chapter3" ref="N10778" type="subsection">3.2.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1077D" part="chapter3" ref="N1077D" type="block">3.2.4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1078A" part="chapter3" ref="N1078A" type="pagenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10791" part="chapter3" ref="N10791" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10876" part="chapter3" ref="N10876" type="block">3.2.4.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10883" part="chapter3" ref="N10883" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N1088C" part="chapter3" ref="N1088C" type="pagenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10893" part="chapter3" ref="N10893" type="mm">346#202</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1089E" part="chapter3" ref="N1089E" type="mm">343#202</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108A9" part="chapter3" ref="N108A9" type="mm">344#202</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108B4" part="chapter3" ref="N108B4" type="pagenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108BB" part="chapter3" ref="N108BB" type="mm">343#202</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108C6" part="chapter3" ref="N108C6" type="mm">343#203</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108D2" part="chapter3" ref="N108D2" type="section">3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108E0" part="chapter4" ref="N108E0" type="pagenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108E5" part="chapter4" ref="N108E5" type="section">4.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108EA" part="chapter4" ref="N108EA" type="subsection">4.1.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N108F4" part="chapter4" ref="N108F4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10A03" part="chapter4" ref="N10A03" type="subsection">4.1.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A07" part="chapter4" ref="N10A07" type="pagenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A11" part="chapter4" ref="N10A11" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10B20" part="chapter4" ref="N10B20" type="subsection">4.1.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B24" part="chapter4" ref="N10B24" type="pagenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10B2E" part="chapter4" ref="N10B2E" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10C03" part="chapter4" ref="N10C03" type="subsection">4.1.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C0D" part="chapter4" ref="N10C0D" type="pagenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C14" part="chapter4" ref="N10C14" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10CE9" part="chapter4" ref="N10CE9" type="subsection">4.1.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CF3" part="chapter4" ref="N10CF3" type="section">4.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CF7" part="chapter4" ref="N10CF7" type="pagenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10CFC" part="chapter4" ref="N10CFC" type="subsection">4.2.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136581362" part="chapter4" ref="_1136581362" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136581451" part="chapter4" ref="_1136581451" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136583955" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583955" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D0F" part="chapter4" ref="N10D0F" type="mm">607#292</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D19" part="chapter4" ref="N10D19" type="subsection">4.2.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D23" part="chapter4" ref="N10D23" type="pagenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583943" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583943" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D2D" part="chapter4" ref="N10D2D" type="mm">608#270</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D38" part="chapter4" ref="N10D38" type="section">4.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D3D" part="chapter4" ref="N10D3D" type="subsection">4.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D47" part="chapter4" ref="N10D47" type="pagenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583929" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583929" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D51" part="chapter4" ref="N10D51" type="mm">621#279</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D5B" part="chapter4" ref="N10D5B" type="subsection">4.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136582789" part="chapter4" ref="_1136582789" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136583914" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583914" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D6B" part="chapter4" ref="N10D6B" type="mm">614#300</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D75" part="chapter4" ref="N10D75" type="subsection">4.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D79" part="chapter4" ref="N10D79" type="pagenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583900" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583900" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10D86" part="chapter4" ref="N10D86" type="mm">616#246</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D90" part="chapter4" ref="N10D90" type="subsection">4.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10D9A" part="chapter4" ref="N10D9A" type="pagenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583193" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583193" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136583878" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583878" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10DA7" part="chapter4" ref="N10DA7" type="mm">619#274</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DB1" part="chapter4" ref="N10DB1" type="subsection">4.3.5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DBB" part="chapter4" ref="N10DBB" type="mm">632#266</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DC5" part="chapter4" ref="N10DC5" type="subsection">4.3.6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DC9" part="chapter4" ref="N10DC9" type="pagenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583858" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583858" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10DD6" part="chapter4" ref="N10DD6" type="mm">617#265</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DE0" part="chapter4" ref="N10DE0" type="subsection">4.3.7.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10DEA" part="chapter4" ref="N10DEA" type="pagenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583694" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583694" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_1136583844" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583844" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10DF7" part="chapter4" ref="N10DF7" type="mm">614#264</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E01" part="chapter4" ref="N10E01" type="subsection">4.3.8.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_1136583816" part="chapter4" ref="_1136583816" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10E0E" part="chapter4" ref="N10E0E" type="mm">620#272</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E1E" part="chapter5" ref="N10E1E" type="pagenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E26" part="chapter5" ref="N10E26" type="section">5.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E30" part="chapter5" ref="N10E30" type="pagenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E45" part="chapter5" ref="N10E45" type="section">5.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E49" part="chapter5" ref="N10E49" type="pagenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E5B" part="chapter5" ref="N10E5B" type="section">5.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E5F" part="chapter5" ref="N10E5F" type="pagenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E64" part="chapter5" ref="N10E64" type="subsection">5.3.1.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E77" part="chapter5" ref="N10E77" type="pagenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E87" part="chapter5" ref="N10E87" type="pagenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10E90" part="chapter5" ref="N10E90" type="subsection">5.3.2.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EA0" part="chapter5" ref="N10EA0" type="pagenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EB0" part="chapter5" ref="N10EB0" type="pagenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EB6" part="chapter5" ref="N10EB6" type="subsection">5.3.3.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EC9" part="chapter5" ref="N10EC9" type="pagenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10ECF" part="chapter5" ref="N10ECF" type="subsection">5.3.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EDF" part="chapter5" ref="N10EDF" type="pagenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EEF" part="chapter5" ref="N10EEF" type="section">5.4.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EF3" part="chapter5" ref="N10EF3" type="pagenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F06" part="chapter5" ref="N10F06" type="pagenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F13" part="chapter5" ref="N10F13" type="pagenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter6" part="chapter6" ref="chapter6" type="chapter">6.</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F21" part="chapter6" ref="N10F21" type="pagenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F37" part="chapter6" ref="N10F37" type="pagenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N10F44" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N10F46" part="N10F46" ref="N10F46" type="abbreviation">
				Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F4A" part="N10F46" ref="N10F4A" type="pagenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F51" part="N10F46" ref="N10F51" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1124C" part="N10F46" ref="N1124C" type="pagenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11253" part="N10F46" ref="N11253" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N1137F" part="N1137F" ref="N1137F" type="bibliography">
				Literaturverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11383" part="N1137F" ref="N11383" type="pagenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121DA" part="N121DA" ref="N121DA" type="acknowledgement">
				Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121DE" part="N121DA" ref="N121DE" type="pagenumber">87</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121ED" part="N121ED" ref="N121ED" type="vita">
				Lebenslauf</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121F1" part="N121ED" ref="N121F1" type="pagenumber">88</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121FB" part="N121ED" ref="N121FB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N12298" part="N121ED" ref="N12298" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N123D5" part="N123D5" ref="N123D5" type="declaration">
				Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N123D9" part="N123D5" ref="N123D9" type="pagenumber">89</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus der Franz-Volhard-Klinik<br/>der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité<br/>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</school><submission>Dissertation</submission><title>Linksventrikuläre Expression verschiedener Housekeeping-Gene bei kardialer Hypertrophie und Herzinsuffizienz</title><degree>Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät Charité<br/>der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin</major><author>von<br/>
			<given>Jeannine</given>
			<surname>Rettschlag</surname>
			<br/>
			<suffix>aus Berlin</suffix>
		</author><dean>Prof. Dr. Joachim W. Dudenhausen</dean><approvals>
			<name>PD Dr. med. Roland Willenbrock</name>
			<name>Prof. Dr. P. Persson</name>
			<name>Prof. Dr. med. R. H. G. Schwinger</name>
		</approvals><date>Datum der Promotion: 12.12.2003</date><abstract lang="de">
			<head>Zusammenfassung</head>
			<p>Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es einen geeigneten internen Standard für die linksventrikuläre mRNA-Quantifizierung bei kardialer Hypertrophie und Herzinsuffizienz in der Ratte zu finden. Die mRNA-Expression von GAPDH, 18SrRNA, Cyclophilin and Porphobilinogen-Desaminase (PBGD) wurde vier Wochen nach Induktion von Hypertrophie (kleiner aortokavaler Shunt) und Herzinsuffizienz (großer aortokavaler Shunt bzw. Myokardinfarkt) mit Hilfe des Ribonuklease Protektion Assay (RPA) und der TaqMan® PCR bestimmt. Die linksventrikuläre ANP-mRNA-Expression war in allen untersuchten Modellen unabhängig von der angewendeten Detektionsmethode erhöht.</p>
			<p>Die mRNA-Expression der Housekeeping Gene mit Hilfe des RPA bestimmt, war in allen untersuchten Modellen im Vergleich zu den Kontrollen unverändert (GAPDH: kleiner Shunt: 105.1±7.4, großer Shunt: 105.2±6.8, MI: 88.4±3.7; 18SrRNA: kleiner Shunt: 110.7±8.2, großer Shunt: 104.4±8.9, MI: 107.5±12.0; Cyclophilin: kleiner Shunt: 96.4±7.9, großer Shunt: 112.9±4.9, MI: 95.7±13.8; PBGD: kleiner Shunt: 81.9±6.3, großer Shunt: 83.7±4.7, MI: 79.8±9.7; % Kontrolle). In der sehr sensitiven TaqMan® PCR zeigte sich eine veränderte mRNA-Expression von GAPDH, PBGD und Cyclophilin, lediglich 18S wurde unverändert exprimiert (GAPDH: kleiner Shunt: 114.5±18.7, großer Shunt: 133.6±19.1, MI: 64.2±6.2, p&lt;0.01; 18SrRNA: kleiner Shunt : 100.5±18.1, großer Shunt: 109.7±15.8, MI: 122.7±13.0; Cyclophilin: kleiner Shunt: 110.7±8.0, großer Shunt: 166.8±19.2, p&lt;0.01, MI: 80.0±9.4; PBGD: kleiner Shunt: 109.2±14.4, großer Shunt: 116.8±7.1, MI: 62.8±6.3, p&lt;0.01; % Kontrolle).</p>
			<p>Die vorliegende Arbeit konnte zeigen, dass 18SrRNA aufgrund der unabhängig von der verwendeten Quantifizierungsmethode stabilen Expression, für die kardiale RNA-Quantifizierung in den untersuchten Tiermodellen am besten geeignet ist.</p>
		</abstract><keywords lang="de">
     		<keyword>Housekeeping-Gene</keyword>
			<keyword>GAPDH</keyword>
			<keyword>18SrRNA</keyword>
			<keyword>Cyclophilin</keyword>
			<keyword>Porphobilinogen Desaminase</keyword>
			<keyword>Herzinsuffizienz</keyword>
		</keywords><abstract lang="en">
			<head>Abstract</head>
			<p>The purpose of this study was to identify an appropriate left ventricular mRNA as internal standard in gene expression analysis in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in the rat. Expression levels of GAPDH, 18SrRNA, Cyclophilin and porphobilinogen desaminase (PBGD) were measured four weeks after induction of either cardiac hypertrophy (small aortocaval shunt) or heart failure (large aortocaval shunt or myocardial infarction) using Ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and TaqMan® PCR.</p>
			<p>The left ventricular expression of ANP mRNA was increased in all these experimental models independently of the used method. Using RPA the mRNA expression of all studied housekeeping genes was unchanged in all experimental models compared to controls (GAPDH: small shunt: 105.1±7.4, large shunt: 105.2±6.8, MI: 88.4±3.7; 18SrRNA: small shunt: 110.7±8.2, large shunt: 104.4±8.9, MI: 107.5±12.0; Cyclophilin: small shunt: 96.4±7.9, large shunt: 112.9±4.9, MI: 95.7±13.8; PBGD: small shunt: 81.9±6.3, large shunt: 83.7±4.7, MI: 79.8±9.7; % control). Using the TaqMan® PCR as a much more sensitive method only 18SrRNA levels were unchanged whereas GAPDH, PBGD and Cyclophilin mRNA expression was regulated (GAPDH: small shunt: 114.5±18.7, large shunt: 133.6±19.1, MI: 64.2±6.2, p&lt;0.01; 18SrRNA: small shunt: 100.5±18.1, n.s., large shunt: 109.7±15.8, n.s., MI: 122.7±13.0; Cyclophilin: small shunt: 110.7±8.0, large shunt: 166.8±19.2, p&lt;0.01, MI: 80.0±9.4; PBGD: small shunt: 109.2±14.4, large shunt: 116.8±7.1, MI: 62.8±6.3, p&lt;0.01; % control). This study showed that independently of the used method 18SrRNA is stable expressed and best suitable as internal standard for the quantitative analysis of cardiac mRNA.</p>
		</abstract><keywords lang="en">
			<keyword>housekeeping genes</keyword>
			<keyword>GAPDH</keyword>
			<keyword>18SrRNA</keyword>
			<keyword>Cyclophilin</keyword>
			<keyword>porphobilinogen desaminase</keyword>
			<keyword>heart failure</keyword>
		</keywords><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1.</link> 
				Einleitung<ul><li><p><link ref="N1009B">1.1.</link> DNA und RNA als Träger der genetischen Information<ul><li><p><link ref="N100B7">1.1.1.</link> Einteilung und Aufbau eukaryonter Gene</p></li><li><p><link ref="N100F8">1.1.2.</link> 
						Transkription</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10130">1.1.3.</link> Translation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1015D">1.1.4.</link> 
						Regulation der Genexpression</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N101CA">1.2.</link> Housekeeping-Gene<ul><li><p><link ref="N10216">1.2.1.</link> Anwendung als interner Standard</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10222">1.2.2.</link> Probleme bei der Anwendung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10232">1.2.3.</link> Typische Housekeeping-Gene<ul><li><p><link ref="N10237">1.2.3.1.</link> Glycerinraldehyd-3-phosphat-Dehydrogenase (GAPDH)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10259">1.2.3.2.</link> Cyclophilin</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1026F">1.2.3.3.</link> Porphobilinogen-Desaminase (PBGD)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10282">1.2.3.4.</link> 18S-ribosomale-RNA (18SrRNA)</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10293">1.3.</link> 
					Herzhypertrophie und Herzinsuffizienz<ul><li><p><link ref="N102A5">1.3.1.</link> Ätiologie</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102AE">1.3.2.</link> Kompensationsmechanismen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102DE">1.3.3.</link> Regulation der Genexpression</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102FD">1.3.4.</link> 
						Atriales natriuretisches Peptid (ANP)</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2.</link> 
				Ziel der Arbeit</p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3.</link> 
				Material und Methoden<ul><li><p><link ref="N10348">3.1.</link> Tierexperimente<ul><li><p><link ref="N1034D">3.1.1.</link> Tierhaltung und Tierzahlen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10359">3.1.2.</link> Induktion der Herzhypertrophie und Herzinsuffizienz<ul><li><p><link ref="N10361">3.1.2.1.</link> Shunt-Operation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10381">3.1.2.2.</link> 
							Myokardinfarkt-Induktion</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10392">3.1.3.</link> Hämodynamische Messungen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1039F">3.2.</link> 
					Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen<ul><li><p><link ref="N103F8">3.2.1.</link> Extraktion und Quantifizierung der RNA<ul><li><p><link ref="N10400">3.2.1.1.</link> 
							RNA-Extraktion</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1041D">3.2.1.2.</link> RNA-Quantifizierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10433">3.2.1.3.</link> Denaturierende Gelelektrophorese der RNA</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10452">3.2.2.</link> 
						Sondenherstellung<ul><li><p><link ref="N1045B">3.2.2.1.</link> Primer-Design</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105B5">3.2.2.2.</link> 
							RT-PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105D5">3.2.2.3.</link> Klonierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105FD">3.2.2.4.</link> Plasmidpräparation (Minipräparation)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10610">3.2.2.5.</link> Sequenzierung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1061F">3.2.2.6.</link> Plasmidpräparation (Maxipräparation)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10659">3.2.2.7.</link> In vitro-Transkription</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10666">3.2.3.</link> Ribonuklease-Protektion-Assay und Quantifizierung der mRNA-Expression<ul><li><p><link ref="N1066B">3.2.3.1.</link> Durchführung des RPA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10684">3.2.3.2.</link> PhosphorImager</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1076E">3.2.3.3.</link> Analyse und Quantifizierung des RPA</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10778">3.2.4.</link> TaqManTM -PCR und Quantifizierung der mRNA-Expression<ul><li><p><link ref="N1077D">3.2.4.1.</link> Durchführung der TaqManTM -PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10876">3.2.4.2.</link> Auswertung TaqManTM -PCR</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108D2">3.3.</link> Statistische Auswertung der mRNA-Expression</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4.</link> 
				Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N108E5">4.1.</link> Herzgewichte und hämodynamische Messungen<ul><li><p><link ref="N108EA">4.1.1.</link> Herzgewichte der Shunt-operierten Tiere</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A03">4.1.2.</link> 
						Hämodynamische Parameter der Shunt-operierten Tiere</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B20">4.1.3.</link> 
						Herzgewichte der Infarkttiere</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C03">4.1.4.</link> Hämodynamische Parameter der Infarkttiere</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CE9">4.1.5.</link> Infarktgröße</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10CF3">4.2.</link> 
					Linksventrikuläre mRNA-Expression des Hypertrophiemarkers ANP in den verschiedenen Tiermodellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N10CFC">4.2.1.</link> ANP-mRNA-Expression im kleinen und großen Shunt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D19">4.2.2.</link> ANP-mRNA-Expression beim Infarkt</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D38">4.3.</link> Linksventrikuläre mRNA-Expression der Housekeeping-Gene in den verschiedenen Tiermodellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N10D3D">4.3.1.</link> GAPDH-mRNA-Expression im kleinen und großen Shunt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D5B">4.3.2.</link> GAPDH-mRNA-Expression beim Infarkt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D75">4.3.3.</link> 
						Cyclophilin-mRNA-Expression im kleinen und großen Shunt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D90">4.3.4.</link> Cyclophilin-mRNA-Expression beim Infarkt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DB1">4.3.5.</link> PBGD-mRNA-Expression im kleinen und großen Shunt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DC5">4.3.6.</link> 
						PBGD-mRNA-Expression beim Infarkt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DE0">4.3.7.</link> 18SrRNA-Expression im kleinen und großen Shunt</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E01">4.3.8.</link> 18SrRNA-Expression beim Infarkt</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5.</link> 
				Diskussion<ul><li><p><link ref="N10E26">5.1.</link> Der aortokavale Shunt und der Myokardinfarkt als Hypertrophie- bzw. Herz- insuffizienzmodell</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E45">5.2.</link> 
					Die linksventrikuläre ANP-mRNA-Expression</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E5B">5.3.</link> 
					Die linksventrikuläre mRNA-Expression der Housekeeping-Gene<ul><li><p><link ref="N10E64">5.3.1.</link> GAPDH</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E90">5.3.2.</link> Cyclophilin</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EB6">5.3.3.</link> PBGD</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10ECF">5.3.4.</link> 18SrRNA</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EEF">5.4.</link> 
					Kritische Betrachtung der verwendeten Methoden und Schlussfolgerungen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter6">6.</link> 
				Zusammenfassung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F46">
				Abkürzungsverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1137F">
				Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121DA">
				Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121ED">
				Lebenslauf</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N123D5">
				Erklärung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N10468">Tabelle 1: Primerpaare und Annealingtemperatur für ANP und die untersuchten Housekeeping-Gene</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10695">Tabelle 2: Länge der einzelnen Sonden und des komplementären Fragments</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10791">Tabelle 3: Verwendete Primerpaare und jeweilige Sonde bei der TaqManTM&#8211;PCR</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108F4">
								Tabelle 4: Herzgewichte von Kontrolltieren und Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt (KG = Körpergewicht, HG = Herzgewicht, RA = rechtsatriales Gewicht, LA = linksatriales Gewicht, RV = rechtsventrikuläres Gewicht, LV = linksventrikuläres Gewicht. ** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle; ## p&lt; 0,01 vs. kleiner Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A11">Tabelle 5: Hämodynamische Parameter bei Kontrolltieren und Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt (MAP = mittlerer arterieller Druck, HF = Herzfrequenz, ZVD = zentraler Venendruck, LVEDP = linksventrikulärer enddiastolischer Druck, dP/dtmax = linksventrikuläre Kontraktilität. &#8727; p&lt;0,05, &#8727;&#8727; p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle; # p&lt; 0,05, ## p&lt; 0,01 vs. kleiner Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10B2E">Tabelle 6: Herzgewichte von Kontrolltieren und Tieren mit Infarkt (KG = Körpergewicht, HG = Herzgewicht, RA = rechtsatriales Gewicht, LA = linksatriales Gewicht, RV = rechtsventrikuläres Gewicht, LV = linksventrikuläres Gewicht.&#8727;&#8727; &lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C14">Tabelle 7: Hämodynamische Parameter bei Kontrolltieren und Tieren mit Infarkt (MAP = mittlerer arterieller Druck, HF = Herzfrequenz, ZVD = zentraler Venendruck, LVEDP = linksventrikulärer enddiastolischer Druck, dP/dtmax = linksventrikuläre Kontraktilität. &#8727;p&lt;0,05 vs. Kontrolle, &#8727;&#8727; p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle)</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N100AF">
							Abbildung 1: Informationsfluss bei der Proteinbiosynthese und der Replikation in Eukaryonten</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N100E9">
								Abbildung 2: Genaufbau bei Eukaryonten</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N102D5">
								Abbildung 3: Neuroendokrine Aktivierung bei Herzinsuffizienz</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1030B">
								Abbildung 4: Synthese von ANP</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10378">Abbildung 5: Schematische Darstellung der Anlage eines kleinen und großen Shunts</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N103B0">Abbildung 6: Ablauf des Ribonuklease-Protektion-Assay (aus Instruction Manual RPA IIITM von Ambion)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N103E9">Abbildung 7: Ablauf der TaqManTM-PCR (aus Einführung in Real-Time TaqManTM PCR-Technologie)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10447">Abbildung 8: Gelelektrophorese der extrahierten RNA</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N105E6">Abbildung 9: pGEM®-TEasy-Vektor</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10648">Abbildung 10: Gelelektrophorese des Verdaus der verwendeten Plasmide</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10893">Abbildung 11: Beispielgraphen der ANP-mRNA-Expression im Shuntmodell ( &#8729;Kontrolle, &#8729;kleiner Shunt, &#8729; großer Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1089E">Abbildung 12: Beispielgraphen der GAPDH-mRNA-Expression im Shuntmodell ( &#8729;Kontrolle, &#8729;kleiner Shunt, &#8729;großer Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108A9">Abbildung 13: Beispielgraphen der Cyclophilin-mRNA-Expression im Shuntmodell ( &#8729;Kontrolle, &#8729;kleiner Shunt, &#8729;großer Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108BB">Abbildung 14: Beispielgraphen der PBGD-mRNA-Expression im Shuntmodell ( &#8729;Kontrolle, &#8729;kleiner Shunt, &#8729;großer Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N108C6">Abbildung 15: Beispielgraphen der 18SrRNA-Expression im Shuntmodell ( &#8729;Kontrolle, &#8729;kleiner Shunt, &#8729;großer Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D0F">
								Abbildung 16: Linksventrikuläre ANP-mRNA-Expression in Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt (** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle, ##p&lt;0.01 vs. kleiner Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D2D">Abbildung 17: Linksventrikuläre ANP-mRNA-Expression im Infarktmodell (** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D51">Abbildung 18: Linksventrikuläre GAPDH-mRNA-Expression in Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D6B">Abbildung 19: Linksventrikuläre GAPDH-mRNA-Expression im Infarktmodell (** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10D86">Abbildung 20: Linksventrikuläre Cyclophilin-mRNA-Expression in Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt (** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle, ##p&lt;0.01 vs. kleiner Shunt)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DA7">Abbildung 21: Linksventrikuläre Cyclophilin-mRNA-Expression im Infarktmodell</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DBB">Abbildung 22: Linksventrikuläre PBGD-mRNA-Expression in Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DD6">Abbildung 23: Linksventrikuläre PBGD-mRNA-Expression im Infarktmodell(** p&lt;0,01 vs. Kontrolle)</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10DF7">Abbildung 24: Linksventrikuläre 18SrRNA-Expression in Tieren mit kleinem und großem Shunt</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10E0E">Abbildung 25: Linksventrikuläre 18SrRNA-Expression im Infarktmodell</link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>