<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><cms:container xmlns:cms="http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/diml/module/cms"><cms:document><cms:meta><cms:entry ref="front" type="front"/><cms:entry type="title">Einfluss von all-<em>trans</em>-Retinsäure (ATRA) auf die Expression von Differenzierungsmarkern bei humanen Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade</cms:entry><cms:entry type="author">Friedrich Thienemann</cms:entry><cms:entry ref="N10039" type="dedication">Widmung
         </cms:entry><cms:entry ref="_Toc139774856" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="_Toc522198463" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="_Toc523999706" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="_Toc142459402" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter1" part="chapter1" ref="chapter1" type="chapter">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1009D" part="chapter1" ref="N1009D" type="section">1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459403" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459403" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc523999707" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc523999707" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198464" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198464" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100AB" part="chapter1" ref="N100AB" type="subsection">1.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459404" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459404" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc523999708" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc523999708" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198465" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198465" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518278122" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518278122" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518278114" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518278114" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518278052" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518278052" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518278001" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518278001" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518277991" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518277991" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518277986" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518277986" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518277980" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518277980" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518277975" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518277975" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref518277973" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref518277973" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N100D6" part="chapter1" ref="N100D6" type="citenumber">1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10106" part="chapter1" ref="N10106" type="citenumber">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1013A" part="chapter1" ref="N1013A" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142360734" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref142360734" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref520360974" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref520360974" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198466" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198466" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc523999709" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc523999709" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1025A" part="chapter1" ref="N1025A" type="subsection">1.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10261" part="chapter1" ref="N10261" type="citenumber">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198467" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198467" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268172" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268172" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459406" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459406" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102A5" part="chapter1" ref="N102A5" type="subsection">1.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N102BE" part="chapter1" ref="N102BE" type="citenumber">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198468" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198468" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268173" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268173" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459407" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459407" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102D8" part="chapter1" ref="N102D8" type="subsection">1.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198469" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198469" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268174" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268174" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459408" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459408" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N102F9" part="chapter1" ref="N102F9" type="subsection">1.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524268175" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268175" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459409" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459409" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10318" part="chapter1" ref="N10318" type="subsection">1.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1031F" part="chapter1" ref="N1031F" type="citenumber">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198470" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198470" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268176" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268176" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459410" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459410" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10337" part="chapter1" ref="N10337" type="section">1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1033F" part="chapter1" ref="N1033F" type="subsection">1.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459411" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459411" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268177" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268177" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198471" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198471" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref520174702" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref520174702" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1035B" part="chapter1" ref="N1035B" type="citenumber">6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198472" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198472" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268178" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268178" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524672216" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref524672216" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459412" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459412" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1037E" part="chapter1" ref="N1037E" type="subsection">1.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198473" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198473" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268179" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268179" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459413" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459413" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N103CE" part="chapter1" ref="N103CE" type="subsection">1.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N103D5" part="chapter1" ref="N103D5" type="citenumber">7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198474" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198474" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268180" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268180" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459414" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459414" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N103F8" part="chapter1" ref="N103F8" type="subsection">1.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198475" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198475" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268181" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268181" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459415" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459415" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10419" part="chapter1" ref="N10419" type="subsection">1.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1041E" part="chapter1" ref="N1041E" type="block">1.2.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459416" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459416" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268182" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268182" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198476" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198476" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198477" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198477" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268183" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268183" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459417" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459417" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10461" part="chapter1" ref="N10461" type="block">1.2.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10468" part="chapter1" ref="N10468" type="citenumber">8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198478" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198478" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268184" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268184" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524668922" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref524668922" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459418" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459418" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10490" part="chapter1" ref="N10490" type="section">1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10498" part="chapter1" ref="N10498" type="subsection">1.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459419" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459419" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268185" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268185" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198479" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198479" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104B7" part="chapter1" ref="N104B7" type="citenumber">9</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198480" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198480" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524182844" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref524182844" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268186" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268186" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459420" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459420" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N104F6" part="chapter1" ref="N104F6" type="subsection">1.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10506" part="chapter1" ref="N10506" type="citenumber">10</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK1" part="chapter1" ref="OLE_LINK1" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198481" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198481" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268187" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268187" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459421" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459421" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10535" part="chapter1" ref="N10535" type="subsection">1.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198482" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198482" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268188" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268188" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459422" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459422" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1056F" part="chapter1" ref="N1056F" type="section">1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10577" part="chapter1" ref="N10577" type="subsection">1.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459423" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459423" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268189" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268189" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198483" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198483" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10587" part="chapter1" ref="N10587" type="citenumber">11</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N105A5" part="chapter1" ref="N105A5" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="N105B5" part="chapter1" ref="N105B5" type="citenumber">12</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc522198484" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198484" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268190" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268190" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459424" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459424" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N105DB" part="chapter1" ref="N105DB" type="subsection">1.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10606" part="chapter1" ref="N10606" type="citenumber">13</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10609" part="chapter1" ref="N10609" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198485" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198485" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268191" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268191" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459425" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459425" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1062D" part="chapter1" ref="N1062D" type="subsection">1.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10655" part="chapter1" ref="N10655" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref523923757" part="chapter1" ref="I_Ref523923757" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc522198486" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc522198486" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524268192" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc524268192" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459426" part="chapter1" ref="_Toc142459426" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10683" part="chapter1" ref="N10683" type="subsection">1.4.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1068A" part="chapter1" ref="N1068A" type="citenumber">14</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106CC" part="chapter1" ref="N106CC" type="citenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter2" part="chapter2" ref="chapter2" type="chapter">2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459427" part="chapter2" ref="_Toc142459427" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N106E1" part="chapter2" ref="N106E1" type="helpercitenumber">15</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106E9" part="chapter2" ref="N106E9" type="citenumber">16</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N106F5" part="chapter2" ref="N106F5" type="citenumber">17</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10701" part="chapter2" ref="N10701" type="citenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="chapter3" part="chapter3" ref="chapter3" type="chapter">3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504763" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504763" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148622" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148622" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459428" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459428" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504764" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504764" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1071A" part="chapter3" ref="N1071A" type="section">3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459429" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459429" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10722" part="chapter3" ref="N10722" type="subsection">3.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459430" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459430" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148655" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148655" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1072D" part="chapter3" ref="N1072D" type="helpercitenumber">18</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1072F" part="chapter3" ref="N1072F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK7" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK7" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10A0B" part="chapter3" ref="N10A0B" type="citenumber">19</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148656" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148656" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459431" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459431" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10A1C" part="chapter3" ref="N10A1C" type="subsection">3.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10A23" part="chapter3" ref="N10A23" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148657" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148657" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459432" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459432" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10C08" part="chapter3" ref="N10C08" type="subsection">3.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10C0F" part="chapter3" ref="N10C0F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N10ED6" part="chapter3" ref="N10ED6" type="citenumber">20</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148658" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148658" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459433" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459433" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10EE4" part="chapter3" ref="N10EE4" type="subsection">3.1.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10EEB" part="chapter3" ref="N10EEB" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148659" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148659" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459434" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459434" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N10F6B" part="chapter3" ref="N10F6B" type="subsection">3.1.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F72" part="chapter3" ref="N10F72" type="citenumber">21</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N10F75" part="chapter3" ref="N10F75" type="table"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK10" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK10" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148660" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148660" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459435" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459435" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11076" part="chapter3" ref="N11076" type="subsection">3.1.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1107D" part="chapter3" ref="N1107D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148661" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148661" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459436" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459436" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1117B" part="chapter3" ref="N1117B" type="subsection">3.1.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11182" part="chapter3" ref="N11182" type="citenumber">22</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11185" part="chapter3" ref="N11185" type="table"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK26" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK26" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148662" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148662" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459437" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459437" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11349" part="chapter3" ref="N11349" type="subsection">3.1.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11350" part="chapter3" ref="N11350" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148623" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148623" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459438" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459438" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113EA" part="chapter3" ref="N113EA" type="section">3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504765" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504765" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113F2" part="chapter3" ref="N113F2" type="subsection">3.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459439" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459439" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148624" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148624" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N113FF" part="chapter3" ref="N113FF" type="citenumber">23</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504766" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504766" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148625" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148625" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459440" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459440" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1141F" part="chapter3" ref="N1141F" type="subsection">3.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1142A" part="chapter3" ref="N1142A" type="block">3.2.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459441" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459441" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148626" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148626" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504767" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504767" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504768" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504768" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148627" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148627" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459442" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459442" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11454" part="chapter3" ref="N11454" type="block">3.2.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1145B" part="chapter3" ref="N1145B" type="citenumber">24</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504769" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504769" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148628" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148628" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459443" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459443" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11475" part="chapter3" ref="N11475" type="block">3.2.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504770" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504770" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148629" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148629" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459444" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459444" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11497" part="chapter3" ref="N11497" type="subsection">3.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1149C" part="chapter3" ref="N1149C" type="block">3.2.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459445" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459445" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148630" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148630" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504771" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504771" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504772" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504772" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148631" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148631" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459446" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459446" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N114C0" part="chapter3" ref="N114C0" type="block">3.2.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114C7" part="chapter3" ref="N114C7" type="citenumber">25</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N114CD" part="chapter3" ref="N114CD" type="subsection">3.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504773" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504773" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148632" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148632" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459447" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459447" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N114E0" part="chapter3" ref="N114E0" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11567" part="chapter3" ref="N11567" type="citenumber">26</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148633" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148633" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459448" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459448" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11587" part="chapter3" ref="N11587" type="subsection">3.2.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1158E" part="chapter3" ref="N1158E" type="citenumber">27</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459449" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459449" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N115A0" part="chapter3" ref="N115A0" type="section">3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115AB" part="chapter3" ref="N115AB" type="subsection">3.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459450" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459450" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148635" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148635" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504776" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504776" type="link"/><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK3" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK3" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504777" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504777" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148636" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148636" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459451" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459451" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N115DB" part="chapter3" ref="N115DB" type="subsection">3.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N115E2" part="chapter3" ref="N115E2" type="citenumber">28</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504778" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504778" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148637" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148637" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459452" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459452" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N115FC" part="chapter3" ref="N115FC" type="subsection">3.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11609" part="chapter3" ref="N11609" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11664" part="chapter3" ref="N11664" type="citenumber">29</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11673" part="chapter3" ref="N11673" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N116D1" part="chapter3" ref="N116D1" type="citenumber">30</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504779" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504779" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148638" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148638" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459453" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459453" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N116F7" part="chapter3" ref="N116F7" type="subsection">3.3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N116FE" part="chapter3" ref="N116FE" type="citenumber">31</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148639" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148639" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459454" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459454" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11714" part="chapter3" ref="N11714" type="section">3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11722" part="chapter3" ref="N11722" type="subsection">3.4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459455" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459455" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148640" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148640" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504781" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504781" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11732" part="chapter3" ref="N11732" type="citenumber">32</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517504782" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504782" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148641" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148641" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459456" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459456" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1174C" part="chapter3" ref="N1174C" type="subsection">3.4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11759" part="chapter3" ref="N11759" type="citenumber">33</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1176F" part="chapter3" ref="N1176F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361080" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361080" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11820" part="chapter3" ref="N11820" type="citenumber">34</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1182F" part="chapter3" ref="N1182F" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504783" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504783" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148642" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148642" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524341456" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref524341456" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459457" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459457" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1184C" part="chapter3" ref="N1184C" type="subsection">3.4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11853" part="chapter3" ref="N11853" type="citenumber">35</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1186E" part="chapter3" ref="N1186E" type="citenumber">36</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11880" part="chapter3" ref="N11880" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517504784" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc517504784" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148643" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148643" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459458" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459458" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11898" part="chapter3" ref="N11898" type="section">3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1189D" part="chapter3" ref="N1189D" type="subsection">3.5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459459" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459459" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148644" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148644" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N118AA" part="chapter3" ref="N118AA" type="citenumber">37</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK13" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK13" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N118C2" part="chapter3" ref="N118C2" type="citenumber">38</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK12" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK12" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N118E7" part="chapter3" ref="N118E7" type="citenumber">39</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148645" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148645" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459460" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459460" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11901" part="chapter3" ref="N11901" type="subsection">3.5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11909" part="chapter3" ref="N11909" type="block">3.5.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459461" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459461" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148646" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148646" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11916" part="chapter3" ref="N11916" type="citenumber">40</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148647" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148647" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459462" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459462" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11930" part="chapter3" ref="N11930" type="block">3.5.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148648" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148648" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459463" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459463" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1194E" part="chapter3" ref="N1194E" type="block">3.5.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148649" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148649" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459464" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459464" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11966" part="chapter3" ref="N11966" type="block">3.5.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1196D" part="chapter3" ref="N1196D" type="citenumber">41</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148650" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148650" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459465" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459465" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1197F" part="chapter3" ref="N1197F" type="subsection">3.5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11999" part="chapter3" ref="N11999" type="citenumber">42</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361212" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361212" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N119AE" part="chapter3" ref="N119AE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142373083" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142373083" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148651" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148651" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459466" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459466" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11ABB" part="chapter3" ref="N11ABB" type="subsection">3.5.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AE1" part="chapter3" ref="N11AE1" type="citenumber">43</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11AE4" part="chapter3" ref="N11AE4" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361161" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361161" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361360" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361360" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142370081" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142370081" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142455103" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142455103" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11C34" part="chapter3" ref="N11C34" type="table"/><cms:entry id="N11D34" part="chapter3" ref="N11D34" type="citenumber">44</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361328" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361328" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142368103" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142368103" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11D43" part="chapter3" ref="N11D43" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142370242" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142370242" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142361382" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142361382" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142368171" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142368171" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11E95" part="chapter3" ref="N11E95" type="citenumber">45</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11E98" part="chapter3" ref="N11E98" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142455123" part="chapter3" ref="I_Ref142455123" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524148652" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148652" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459467" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459467" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F78" part="chapter3" ref="N11F78" type="subsection">3.5.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc524148653" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc524148653" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459468" part="chapter3" ref="_Toc142459468" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11F8E" part="chapter3" ref="N11F8E" type="section">3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK2" part="chapter3" ref="OLE_LINK2" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter4" part="chapter4" ref="chapter4" type="chapter">4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517518585" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518585" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157021" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157021" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459469" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459469" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FAC" part="chapter4" ref="N11FAC" type="section">4.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459470" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459470" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FB6" part="chapter4" ref="N11FB6" type="citenumber">46</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N11FC0" part="chapter4" ref="N11FC0" type="subsection">4.1.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459471" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459471" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157023" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157023" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518587" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518587" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FD9" part="chapter4" ref="N11FD9" type="citenumber">47</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517518588" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518588" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157024" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157024" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459472" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459472" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N11FF4" part="chapter4" ref="N11FF4" type="subsection">4.1.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517518589" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518589" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157025" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157025" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459473" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459473" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1201C" part="chapter4" ref="N1201C" type="subsection">4.1.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12023" part="chapter4" ref="N12023" type="citenumber">48</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1202D" part="chapter4" ref="N1202D" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref521999717" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref521999717" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1203D" part="chapter4" ref="N1203D" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref522000621" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref522000621" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1204D" part="chapter4" ref="N1204D" type="citenumber">49</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12050" part="chapter4" ref="N12050" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref522001354" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref522001354" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518590" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518590" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157026" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157026" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524636564" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524636564" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459474" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459474" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12078" part="chapter4" ref="N12078" type="section">4.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120A6" part="chapter4" ref="N120A6" type="citenumber">50</cms:entry><cms:entry id="OLE_LINK4" part="chapter4" ref="OLE_LINK4" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N120AD" part="chapter4" ref="N120AD" type="subsection">4.2.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459475" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459475" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157027" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157027" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518591" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518591" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518592" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518592" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157028" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157028" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459476" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459476" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N120D7" part="chapter4" ref="N120D7" type="subsection">4.2.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120E1" part="chapter4" ref="N120E1" type="citenumber">51</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120F9" part="chapter4" ref="N120F9" type="citenumber">52</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N120FC" part="chapter4" ref="N120FC" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524326968" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524326968" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518593" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518593" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref522007341" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref522007341" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157029" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157029" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459477" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459477" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12123" part="chapter4" ref="N12123" type="subsection">4.2.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12140" part="chapter4" ref="N12140" type="citenumber">53</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1214C" part="chapter4" ref="N1214C" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524327098" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524327098" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref522008139" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref522008139" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12162" part="chapter4" ref="N12162" type="citenumber">54</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12165" part="chapter4" ref="N12165" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524268460" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524268460" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518594" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518594" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524327242" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524327242" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157030" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157030" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459478" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459478" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12186" part="chapter4" ref="N12186" type="subsection">4.2.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121A6" part="chapter4" ref="N121A6" type="citenumber">55</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N121AC" part="chapter4" ref="N121AC" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref522010214" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref522010214" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524430617" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524430617" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N121BE" part="chapter4" ref="N121BE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362119" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362119" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518595" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518595" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157031" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157031" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1232F" part="chapter4" ref="N1232F" type="section">4.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12336" part="chapter4" ref="N12336" type="citenumber">56</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1233D" part="chapter4" ref="N1233D" type="subsection">4.3.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459480" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459480" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157032" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157032" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518596" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518596" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12356" part="chapter4" ref="N12356" type="citenumber">57</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12366" part="chapter4" ref="N12366" type="citenumber">58</cms:entry><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362236" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362236" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1236F" part="chapter4" ref="N1236F" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457039" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457039" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518597" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518597" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157033" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157033" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524242353" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524242353" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N124A4" part="chapter4" ref="N124A4" type="subsection">4.3.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N124BC" part="chapter4" ref="N124BC" type="citenumber">59</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N124CD" part="chapter4" ref="N124CD" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457085" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457085" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524271515" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524271515" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N124E0" part="chapter4" ref="N124E0" type="citenumber">60</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N124E3" part="chapter4" ref="N124E3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362436" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362436" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1255A" part="chapter4" ref="N1255A" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457187" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457187" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524271618" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524271618" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1256D" part="chapter4" ref="N1256D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362445" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362445" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518598" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518598" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157034" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157034" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N125EC" part="chapter4" ref="N125EC" type="subsection">4.3.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N125F3" part="chapter4" ref="N125F3" type="citenumber">61</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N1260C" part="chapter4" ref="N1260C" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457260" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457260" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524276199" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524276199" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1261F" part="chapter4" ref="N1261F" type="citenumber">62</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12622" part="chapter4" ref="N12622" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362498" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362498" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12699" part="chapter4" ref="N12699" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524276462" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524276462" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N126A9" part="chapter4" ref="N126A9" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362508" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362508" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524276474" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524276474" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524276497" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524276497" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518599" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518599" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157035" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157035" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12732" part="chapter4" ref="N12732" type="subsection">4.3.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12739" part="chapter4" ref="N12739" type="citenumber">63</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12755" part="chapter4" ref="N12755" type="citenumber">64</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12758" part="chapter4" ref="N12758" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457358" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457358" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524277472" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524277472" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1276B" part="chapter4" ref="N1276B" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362566" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362566" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N127DB" part="chapter4" ref="N127DB" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524277485" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524277485" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N127EB" part="chapter4" ref="N127EB" type="citenumber">65</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N127EE" part="chapter4" ref="N127EE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362576" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362576" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524277519" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524277519" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518600" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518600" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157036" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157036" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12874" part="chapter4" ref="N12874" type="subsection">4.3.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12881" part="chapter4" ref="N12881" type="citenumber">66</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128AD" part="chapter4" ref="N128AD" type="citenumber">67</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N128B0" part="chapter4" ref="N128B0" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142457379" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142457379" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524278111" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524278111" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524278114" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524278114" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N128C6" part="chapter4" ref="N128C6" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362678" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362678" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524278201" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524278201" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12940" part="chapter4" ref="N12940" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142370957" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142370957" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12950" part="chapter4" ref="N12950" type="citenumber">68</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12953" part="chapter4" ref="N12953" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362687" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362687" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N129CE" part="chapter4" ref="N129CE" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362709" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362709" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12A49" part="chapter4" ref="N12A49" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362718" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362718" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518601" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518601" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157037" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157037" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12ACC" part="chapter4" ref="N12ACC" type="subsection">4.3.6</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12AD3" part="chapter4" ref="N12AD3" type="citenumber">69</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12AE1" part="chapter4" ref="N12AE1" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524279696" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524279696" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12AF1" part="chapter4" ref="N12AF1" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362772" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref142362772" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12B68" part="chapter4" ref="N12B68" type="citenumber">70</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459486" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459486" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12B76" part="chapter4" ref="N12B76" type="subsection">4.3.7</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12B8B" part="chapter4" ref="N12B8B" type="citenumber">71</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12BA2" part="chapter4" ref="N12BA2" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524327634" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524327634" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12BB2" part="chapter4" ref="N12BB2" type="citenumber">72</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12BB5" part="chapter4" ref="N12BB5" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524327636" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524327636" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517518602" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517518602" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc524157038" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc524157038" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459487" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459487" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12BD6" part="chapter4" ref="N12BD6" type="subsection">4.3.8</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12BF0" part="chapter4" ref="N12BF0" type="citenumber">73</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C07" part="chapter4" ref="N12C07" type="citenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C0A" part="chapter4" ref="N12C0A" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524326759" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524326759" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524248246" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524248246" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12C1D" part="chapter4" ref="N12C1D" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524326825" part="chapter4" ref="I_Ref524326825" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc517716649" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc517716649" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459488" part="chapter4" ref="_Toc142459488" type="link"/><cms:entry id="chapter5" part="chapter5" ref="chapter5" type="chapter">5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C3F" part="chapter5" ref="N12C3F" type="section">5.1</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459489" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459489" type="link"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524183449" part="chapter5" ref="I_Ref524183449" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12C4A" part="chapter5" ref="N12C4A" type="helpercitenumber">74</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C5A" part="chapter5" ref="N12C5A" type="citenumber">75</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12C5D" part="chapter5" ref="N12C5D" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362827" part="chapter5" ref="I_Ref142362827" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12C96" part="chapter5" ref="N12C96" type="citenumber">76</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CA9" part="chapter5" ref="N12CA9" type="citenumber">77</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459490" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459490" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12CE2" part="chapter5" ref="N12CE2" type="section">5.2</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CF7" part="chapter5" ref="N12CF7" type="citenumber">78</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12CFA" part="chapter5" ref="N12CFA" type="table"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref142362967" part="chapter5" ref="I_Ref142362967" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459491" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459491" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12D2C" part="chapter5" ref="N12D2C" type="section">5.3</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D51" part="chapter5" ref="N12D51" type="citenumber">79</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459492" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459492" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12D62" part="chapter5" ref="N12D62" type="section">5.4</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D6F" part="chapter5" ref="N12D6F" type="citenumber">80</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12D81" part="chapter5" ref="N12D81" type="citenumber">81</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12DE7" part="chapter5" ref="N12DE7" type="citenumber">82</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E10" part="chapter5" ref="N12E10" type="citenumber">83</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E36" part="chapter5" ref="N12E36" type="citenumber">84</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E54" part="chapter5" ref="N12E54" type="mm"/><cms:entry id="I_Ref524443341" part="chapter5" ref="I_Ref524443341" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459493" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459493" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12E6D" part="chapter5" ref="N12E6D" type="section">5.5</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E74" part="chapter5" ref="N12E74" type="citenumber">85</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc517716888" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc517716888" type="link"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459494" part="chapter5" ref="_Toc142459494" type="link"/><cms:entry ref="N12E90" type="back"/><cms:entry id="N12E92" part="N12E92" ref="N12E92" type="appendix">Synopsis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12E94" part="N12E92" ref="N12E94" type="head"/><cms:entry id="N12E97" part="N12E92" ref="N12E97" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12E9D" part="N12E92" ref="N12E9D" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EA0" part="N12E92" ref="N12EA0" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EA3" part="N12E92" ref="N12EA3" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EA9" part="N12E92" ref="N12EA9" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EAC" part="N12E92" ref="N12EAC" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EAF" part="N12E92" ref="N12EAF" type="p"/><cms:entry id="N12EB5" part="N12E92" ref="N12EB5" type="p"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459495" part="N12E92" ref="_Toc142459495" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N12EBC" part="N12EBC" ref="N12EBC" type="abbreviation">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="N12EC3" part="N12EBC" ref="N12EC3" type="table"/><cms:entry id="_Toc142459496" part="N12EBC" ref="_Toc142459496" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N1348D" part="N1348D" ref="N1348D" type="bibliography">Literaturverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459497" part="N1348D" ref="_Toc142459497" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14525" part="N14525" ref="N14525" type="acknowledgement">Danksagung</cms:entry><cms:entry id="_Toc142459498" part="N14525" ref="_Toc142459498" type="link"/><cms:entry id="N14540" part="N14540" ref="N14540" type="declaration">Erklärung</cms:entry><cms:entry part="front" type=":current"/><cms:entry type=":lang">de</cms:entry><cms:entry ref=":contents" type=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</cms:entry><cms:entry type=":help"><url href="http://...">Hilfe</url></cms:entry></cms:meta><cms:content><front id="front"><school>Aus der Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie<br/>der Medizinischen Fakultät der Charité &#8211; Universitätsmedizin Berlin</school><submission>DISSERTATION</submission><title>Einfluss von all-<em>trans</em>-Retinsäure (ATRA) auf die Expression von Differenzierungsmarkern bei humanen Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade</title><degree>zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades<br/>Doctor medicinae (Dr. med.)</degree><major>vorgelegt der Medizinischen Fakultät der Charité &#8211; <br/>Universitätsmedizin Berlin</major><author>von <br/><given>Friedrich</given>
         <surname>Thienemann</surname><br/>aus Heidenheim an der Brenz</author><approvals>
         <name>Prof. Dr. med. B.M. Henz</name>
         <name>PD. Dr. med. B. Hermes</name>
         <name>PD. Dr. med. K. Hartmann</name>
      </approvals><date>Datum der Promotion: 26. Juni 2006</date><dedication id="N10039">
         <head>Widmung<link id="_Toc139774856"/>
         </head>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p/>
         <p>Jenny und der Deutschen Elf</p>
      </dedication><abstract lang="de">
         <head>Zusammenfassung</head>
         <p>Mastzellen (MZ) reifen zu terminal differenzierten Zellen erst in peripheren Geweben. ATRA ist ein wesentlicher Regulator der Hämatopoese und kann auf positive wie auf negative Weise deren Differenzierung beeinflussen &#8211; die Qualität ist dabei häufig abhängig vom Reifegrad. Die Arbeit beschäftigte sich daher mit der Frage, ob die Effekte von ATRA auf MZ ebenfalls abhängig von deren Reifegrad sind. Unreife HMC-1 5C6 Zellen, differenziertere LAD 2 Zellen und reife kutane MZ (KMZ) wurden mit ATRA behandelt und die Effekte auf spezifische Mastzellmarker auf Protein- und mRNA-Ebene untersucht. Die Proteinexpression von c-kit, FceRI, Tryptase und Chymase wurde bei allen drei Zellsystemen herunterreguliert. Änderungen der Proteinexpression wurden qualitativ, wenngleich nicht immer quantitativ auf mRNA-Ebene reflektiert, d.h. es gab Marker, bei denen die Herunterregulation auf der einen oder anderen Ebene überwog. Eine genaue Quantifizierung der ATRA-Effekte auf die Tryptase und Chymase zeigte eine prozentual erheblich stärkere Herunterregulation der mRNA als des Proteins. Invers dazu war der Effekt bei c-kit, ein Effekt, der besonders deutlich bei HMC-1 5C6 auszumachen war. Zur Klärung, welcher Mechanismus der von der mRNA-Ebene unabhängigen Herunterregulation des c-kit-Proteins zugrunde liegt, wurden HMC-1 5C6 zusätzlich zu ATRA mit Inhibitoren fundamentaler Zellfunktionen inkubiert. Cycloheximid allein war dabei in der Lage, die Wirkung von ATRA zu imitieren. Es kann also vermutet werden, dass die starke Herunterregulation des Proteins im Vergleich zur mRNA einem translationellen Mechanismus folgt. Betrachtet man alle Effekte gemeinsam, so zeigte ATRA den stärksten Einfluss auf das am weitesten differenzierte Mastzellsystem, nämlich KMZ. Geringer waren die Effekte bei LAD 2, wohingegen bei HMC-1 5C6 das schwächste Ansprechpotential gegenüber ATRA gefunden wurde. Dies ist von besonderem Interesse, weil ATRA normalerweise wesentlich potenter auf unreif-proliferierende Systeme wirkt. ATRA hat auf humane MZ einen deutlich dedifferenzierenden Effekt, der weitgehend unabhängig vom Reifegrad der Zellen operiert. Die Effekte scheinen dabei in Abhängigkeit vom betrachteten Marker nicht auf die transkriptionelle Ebene beschränkt zu sein, sondern könnten auch einem translationellen Mechanismus unterliegen.</p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="de">
         <keyword>Mastzelle</keyword>
         <keyword>Dedifferenzierung</keyword>
         <keyword>Vitamin A</keyword>
         <keyword>Retinoide</keyword>
      </keywords><abstract lang="en">
         <head>Abstract</head>
         <p>Mast cells (MC) are of hematopoietic origin but complete their differentiation exclusively within tissues. A large number of mediators positively or negatively affect the maturation process of MC. ATRA is a potential master regulator of haematopoiesis, where it primarily affects immature and proliferative leukocytes. Here, the effects of ATRA (3-7d) on MC that span different stages of maturation, i. e. immature-leukemic HMC-1 5C6 cells, intermediately matured LAD 2 cells, and terminally differentiated skin MC were analyzed. The expression of the lineage markers c-kit, FceRI, tryptase, chymase und histidindecarboxylase (HDC) was studied in parallel at protein level by flow-cytometric analysis and at mRNA level by RT-PCR. ATRA exposure led to a down-regulation at protein and at mRNA level of c-kit, FceRI, tryptase and chymase by all MC subtypes. Comparing protein and transcript levels, however, substantial differences between c-kit and the proteases were noted. c-kit down-regulation was more pronounced at protein level, whereas the opposite was found with proteases. Further analysis revealed the existence of a second mechanism of c-kit down modulation that proceeded rapidly and independently of mRNA changes. This pathway was restricted to immature MC and could be mimicked by cycloheximide, suggesting that altered translation may account for the phenomenon. Taken together, the study indicates that MC are significant target cells of ATRA throughout their lifespan, but that the molecular events underlying down-regulation of lineage markers may be shifted in the course of MC differentiation. The strongest effects of ATRA were observed in mature MC, while this accounts to a lesser degree for LAD 2 cells. In contrast, the immature and highly proliferating HMC-1 5C6 cells presented even less sensitive to ATRA. Therefore, ATRA has dedifferentiating potential towards human MC that is most pronounced in mature MC. Depending on the specific marker, protein down regulation can underlie various mechanisms. In this regard, c-kit seems to follow a translational rather than transcriptional inhibitory process.</p>
         <p>
            <link id="_Toc522198463"/>
         </p>
         <p>
            <link id="_Toc523999706"/>
         </p>
         <p>
            <link id="_Toc142459402"/>
         </p>
      </abstract><keywords lang="en">
         <keyword>mast cell</keyword>
         <keyword>dedifferentiation</keyword>
         <keyword>vitamin A</keyword>
         <keyword>retinoic acid</keyword>
      </keywords><freehead id=":contents">Inhaltsverzeichnis</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="chapter1">1</link> EINLEITUNG<ul><li><p><link ref="N1009D">1.1</link> 
               
               
               Mastzellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N100AB">1.1.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  
                  Die Mastzelle &#8211; ein Überblick</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1025A">1.1.2</link> Mastzellheterogenität</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102A5">1.1.3</link> HMC-1 5C6 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102D8">1.1.4</link> LAD 2 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N102F9">1.1.5</link> Kutane Mastzellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10318">1.1.6</link> Drei unterschiedliche Mastzellsysteme &#8211; eine Gegenüberstellung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10337">1.2</link> Mastzellmarker<ul><li><p><link ref="N1033F">1.2.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  
                  Der hochaffine IgE-Rezeptor Fc&#949;RI</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1037E">1.2.2</link> Der SCF-Rezeptor c-kit</p></li><li><p><link ref="N103CE">1.2.3</link> Tryptase</p></li><li><p><link ref="N103F8">1.2.4</link> Chymase</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10419">1.2.5</link> Histamin und die Histidindecarboxylase<ul><li><p><link ref="N1041E">1.2.5.1</link> 
                     
                     
                     Histamin</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10461">1.2.5.2</link> Histidindecarboxylase</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10490">1.3</link> Zytokine<ul><li><p><link ref="N10498">1.3.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Interleukin-4</p></li><li><p><link ref="N104F6">1.3.2</link> Interleukin-6</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10535">1.3.3</link> Nervenwachstumsfaktor-&#946;</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1056F">1.4</link> All-<em>trans</em>-Retinsäure<ul><li><p><link ref="N10577">1.4.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Überblick</p></li><li><p><link ref="N105DB">1.4.2</link> Signaltransduktion</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1062D">1.4.3</link> ATRA und die Hämatopoese</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10683">1.4.4</link> ATRA und die Mastzelle</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter2">2</link> 
            FRAGESTELLUNG </p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter3">3</link> 
            
            
            MATERIAL UND METHODEN
         <ul><li><p><link ref="N1071A">3.1</link> 
               Material<ul><li><p><link ref="N10722">3.1.1</link> 
                  
                  Technische Geräte</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10A1C">3.1.2</link> Verbrauchsmaterial</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10C08">3.1.3</link> Chemikalien und Reagenzien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10EE4">3.1.4</link> Zelllinien</p></li><li><p><link ref="N10F6B">3.1.5</link> Kits</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11076">3.1.6</link> Agentia</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1117B">3.1.7</link> Antikörper</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11349">3.1.8</link> Puffer/Gel</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N113EA">3.2</link> Zellkultur<ul><li><p><link ref="N113F2">3.2.1</link> 
                  
                  Steriltechnik</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1141F">3.2.2</link> Zellkultivierung<ul><li><p><link ref="N1142A">3.2.2.1</link> 
                     
                     
                     HMC-1 5C6 Zellen in Kultur</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11454">3.2.2.2</link> LAD 2 Zellen in Kultur</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11475">3.2.2.3</link> KMZ in Kultur</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11497">3.2.3</link> Zellzahl, Morphologie, Vitalität und Reinheit<ul><li><p><link ref="N1149C">3.2.3.1</link> 
                     
                     
                     Handzählung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N114C0">3.2.3.2</link> Automatisierte Zellzählung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N114CD">3.2.4</link> 
                  
                  
                  Behandlung der Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11587">3.2.5</link> Erfassung der Apoptose</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N115A0">3.3</link> Isolierung kutaner Mastzellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N115AB">3.3.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Erster Tag der Vorhautpräparation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N115DB">3.3.2</link> Zweiter Tag der Vorhautpräparation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N115FC">3.3.3</link> Dritter Tag der Vorhautpräparation</p></li><li><p><link ref="N116F7">3.3.4</link> Qualitätskontrolle</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11714">3.4</link> Durchflusszytometrie<ul><li><p><link ref="N11722">3.4.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Qualitätskontrolle</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1174C">3.4.2</link> Coulter Epics XL</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1184C">3.4.3</link> Probenvorbereitung, Messung und Datenanalyse</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11898">3.5</link> RT-PCR<ul><li><p><link ref="N1189D">3.5.1</link> 
                  
                  Grundlagen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11901">3.5.2</link> Isolierung von Gesamt-RNA<ul><li><p><link ref="N11909">3.5.2.1</link> 
                     
                     Zelllyse</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11930">3.5.2.2</link> RNA-Extraktion und DNase-Verdau</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1194E">3.5.2.3</link> Phenolisierung und Fällung</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11966">3.5.2.4</link> RNA-Reinheitsbestimmung und Quantifizierung</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1197F">3.5.3</link> cDNA-Synthese</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11ABB">3.5.4</link> PCR</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F78">3.5.5</link> Agarosegel-Elektrophorese</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11F8E">3.6</link> Statistik</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter4">4</link> 
            
            
            Ergebnisse<ul><li><p><link ref="N11FAC">4.1</link> 
               Charakterisierung der verwendeten Zellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N11FC0">4.1.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Charakterisierung von HMC1-5C6 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N11FF4">4.1.2</link> Charakterisierung von LAD 2 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N1201C">4.1.3</link> Charakterisierung von KMZ</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12078">4.2</link> Einflüsse von IL-4, IL-6 und NGF-&#946; auf HMC-1 5C6 Zellen<ul><li><p><link ref="N120AD">4.2.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Vorversuche: Einflüsse der Zytokine auf HMC-1 5C6 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N120D7">4.2.2</link> Kinetikstudie: Einflüsse der Zytokine auf HMC-1 5C6 nach 24 Tagen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12123">4.2.3</link> Quantifizierung der Einflüsse der Zytokine auf HMC-1 5C6 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12186">4.2.4</link> Einfluss von IL-4 auf humane Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1232F">4.3</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf humane Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade<ul><li><p><link ref="N1233D">4.3.1</link> 
                  
                  
                  Einfluss von ATRA auf Proliferation und Überleben</p></li><li><p><link ref="N124A4">4.3.2</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf die Expression von c-kit</p></li><li><p><link ref="N125EC">4.3.3</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf die Expression der Tryptase</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12732">4.3.4</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf die Expression der Chymase</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12874">4.3.5</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf die Expression von Fc&#949;RI (&#945;, &#946;, &#947;)</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12ACC">4.3.6</link> Einfluss von ATRA auf die Expression der Histidindecarboxylase</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12B76">4.3.7</link> Zusammenfassender Überblick über die Effekte von ATRA</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12BD6">4.3.8</link> ATRA beeinflusst auf zweifache Weise die Expression von c-kit</p></li></ul></p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="chapter5">5</link> DISKUSSION<ul><li><p><link ref="N12C3F">5.1</link> 
               
               IL-4, IL-6, NGF-&#946; ohne differenzierenden Effekt auf HMC-1 5C6 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CE2">5.2</link> Die intermediär differenzierten LAD 2 Zellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12D2C">5.3</link> IL-4 vermittelte Effekte sind abhängig vom Differenzierungsgrad</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12D62">5.4</link> Der dedifferenzierende Einfluss von ATRA auf humane Mastzellen</p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E6D">5.5</link> Gegenüberstellung der Einflüsse von IL-4 und ATRA auf Mastzellen</p></li></ul></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E92">Synopsis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12EBC">Abkürzungsverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1348D">Literaturverzeichnis</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14525">Danksagung</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N14540">Erklärung</link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-tables">Tabellen</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N1013A">
                        Tabelle 1: Überblick über Mastzellmediatoren. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1176F">
                        Tabelle 2: Fluoreszenzkanäle (FK) 1 bis 3 im Coulter Epics XL Durchflusszytometer. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N119AE">
                        Tabelle 3: Zusammensetzung des kompletten Reaktionsansatzes für die reverse Transkription (pro Ansatz) mit dem Einzelstrang-Synthesekit 1<sup>st</sup> Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit für RT-PCR (AMV).</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11AE4">
                        Tabelle 4: Nukleotid-Sequenzen der eingesetzten <em>Primer</em>-Paare</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11C34">Tabelle 5: Allgemeine PCR-Bedingungen: Einstellungen der einzelnen Sequenzen des Thermo-<em>Cyclers</em>.</link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11D43">
                        Tabelle 6: Spezielle Bedingungen für die PCR-Amplifikation: <em>Annealing</em>-Temperatur und Anzahl der Zyklen für HMC-1 5C6 / LAD 2 / KMZ. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N11E98">
                        Tabelle 7: Gesamtansatz für die spezifische Amplifizierung von DNA-Fragmenten mit der PCR. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121BE">
                        Tabelle 8: Zusammengefasst sind die Effekte von IL-4 auf die Expression der Mastzellmarker Fc&#949;RI&#945; und c-kit sowie auf die Veränderung der Zellzahl. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1236F">
                        Tabelle 9: Effekte von ATRA auf die Proliferation und Morphologie der drei Mastzellsysteme. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124E3">
                        Tabelle 10: Quantitative Darstellung der c-kit-Expression nach ATRA-Behandlung. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1256D">
                        Tabelle 11: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von c-kit. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12622">
                        Tabelle 12: Quantitative Darstellung der Tryptase-Expression nach ATRA-Behandlung. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N126A9">
                        Tabelle 13: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von Tryptase. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1276B">
                        Tabelle 14: Quantitative Darstellung der Chymase-Expression nach ATRA-Behandlung. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N127EE">
                        Tabelle 15: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von Chymase. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N128C6">
                        Tabelle 16: Quantitative Darstellung der Fc&#949;RI&#945;-Expression nach ATRA-Behandlung. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12953">
                        Tabelle 17: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von Fc&#949;RI&#945;. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N129CE">
                        Tabelle 18: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von Fc&#949;RI&#946;. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12A49">
                        Tabelle 19: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von Fc&#949;RI&#947;. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12AF1">
                        Tabelle 20: Semi-quantitative Erfassung der RT-PCR-Resultate von HDC. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C5D">
                     Tabelle 21: Humane Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12CFA">
                     Tabelle 22: Humane Mastzellen unterschiedlicher Reifegrade. </link></p></li></ul><freehead id=":toc-media">Bilder</freehead><ul><li><p><link ref="N105A5">Abbildung 1: Synthese der all-<em>trans</em>-Retinsäure (ATRA). </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10609">Abbildung 2: Metabolismus des Vitamin A. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N10655">
                        Abbildung 3: Stark vereinfachtes und teils erst hypothetisches Modell der Myelopoese. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1202D">
                        Abbildung 4: Flowzytometrie-Histogramm: Repräsentative Darstellung der Mastzellmarker Fc&#949;RI&#945;, c-kit und Tryptase bei unbehandelten HMC-1 5C6 Zellen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1203D">
                        Abbildung 5: Flowzytometrie-Histogramm: Repräsentative Darstellung der Mastzellmarker Fc&#949;RI&#945;, c-kit und Tryptase bei unbehandelten LAD 2 Zellen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12050">
                        Abbildung 6: Flowzytometrie-Histogramm: Repräsentative Darstellung der Mastzellmarker Fc&#949;RI&#945;, c-kit und Tryptase bei unbehandelten kutanen Mastzellen direkt nach ihrer Isolierung aus Vorhautgewebe. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N120FC">
                        Diagramm 1: Darstellung der c-kit Expression (blau) auf HMC-1 5C6 Zellen im Vergleich zur Isotypkontrolle (grau) während der 24tägigen Inkubation mit IL-4, IL-6 und NGF-&#946;. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1214C">
                        Diagramm 2: Expression der Mastzellmarker Fc&#949;RI&#945;, c-kit und Tryptase (Try) bei HMC-1 5C6 Zellen nach dreitägiger Inkubation mit IL-4, IL-6 und NGF-&#946;, allein oder in Kombination. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12165">Diagramm 3:
                        Quantitative Bestimmung der Zellzahl der HMC-1 5C6 Zellen, dargestellt in % zur jeweils eingesäten Zellzahl, gemessen nach dreitägiger Inkubation mit Zytokinen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N121AC">
                        
                        Abbildung 7: Expression der Mastzellmarker auf der Zelloberfläche: Fc&#949;RI&#945; und c-kit gemessen mit Hilfe der Flowzytometrie nach dreitägiger Inkubation mit IL-4. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N124CD">
                        Abbildung 8: Expression des Mastzellmarkers c-kit auf der Zelloberfläche. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1255A">
                        Abbildung 9: Photo eines RT-PCR-Gels. Darstellung der c-kit-spezifischen mRNA. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N1260C">
                        Abbildung 10: Expression des Mastzellmarkers Tryptase nach Permeabilisierung der Zellmembran. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12699">
                        Abbildung 11: Photo eines RT-PCR-Gels. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12758">
                        Abbildung 12: Expression des Mastzellmarkers Chymase nach Permeabilisierung der Zellmembran. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N127DB">
                        Abbildung 13: Photo eines RT-PCR Gels. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N128B0">
                        Abbildung 14: Expression von Fc&#949;RI&#945; bei intrazellulärer Erfassung nach Permeabilisierung (HMC-1 5C6 Zellen) und auf der Zelloberfläche (LAD 2 Zellen und KMZ). </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12940">
                        Abbildung 15: Photo von RT-PCR-Gelen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12AE1">
                        Abbildung 16: Photo eines RT-PCR Gels. Darstellung der HDC-spezifischen mRNA. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12BA2">
                        Diagramm 4: Gegenüberstellung der Effekte von ATRA auf die Proteinexpression humaner Mastzellen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12BB5">
                        Diagramm 5: Gegenüberstellung der Effekte von ATRA auf die mRNA-Expression humaner Mastzellen. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C0A">
                        Diagramm 6: Kinetikstudie zur Ermittelung des Zeitpunktes, an dem die Herunterregulation der Proteinexpression von c-kit durch ATRA beginnt. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12C1D">
                        Diagramm 7: Untersuchungen zur Herunterregulation von c-kit während einer 16stündigen Behandlung mit ATRA. </link></p></li><li><p><link ref="N12E54">
                     Abbildung 17: Ausschnitt von dem Modell der Myelopoese aus der Einleitung (Abbildung 3). </link></p></li></ul></front></cms:content></cms:document></cms:container>