This Appendix does neither give identity of sires nor identities of the offspring they produced as these are protected and unpublished data. Instead, the number of solved paternity is presented.

1. Solved paternity of group R 1993-1998

The first data set contains all solved paternities using 15 DNA markers for all infants born between 1993 and 1998. From all 263 infants born between 1993 to 1998 in group R, or its sister group BB, the paternity could be solved for 242 of them via 15 DNA markers and for 5 more cases via DNA-fingerprinting which results in total paternity solved of 247 cases (Table A.3.1). The range of solved paternity varied within cohorts between 87.50 and 98.00% with a mean of 94.28 % (SD ± 3.70%).

Note numbers in brackets are cases solved with DNA-fingerprinting.

Birth cohort

N offspring born

N offspring with solved paternity

% of solved paternity

1993

32

31

96.88 %

1994

38

32(+4)

94.74 %

1995

45

42

93.33 %

1996

42

40

95.24 %

1997

48(+1)

87.50 %

1998

50

49

98.00 %

Sum 263

Sum 242 (+5)

Mean 94.28 %

Table A.3.1: Solved paternity in group R or BB for all individuals born between 1993 to 1998

2. Solved paternity of group R present in 1997 which was used for the behavioural study

In the second data set, paternity has been assigned via 15 DNA markers for 76 out of 91 females studied (84%). For 15 females in the behavioural study (3 of them were focal females) paternity could not be established via microsatellites using the two criterions described above. Their actual sire was probably not genotyped for unknown reason (e.g., dead before sample taking etc.) However, for each of these 15 females the presence of any paternal sibling in group R could be ruled out since (i) none of their putative sires with the highest LR ratio (which was always below two, see Methods) had sired any other female in the group R studied in 1997 and (ii) all confirmed sires of females present in 1997 could be excluded as sires for all of these 15 female with respect to DNA fingerprinting (see focal females above). The results of the paternity analyses per birth cohorts are shown in Table A.3.2.

Note females born between 1993 and 1998 were already presented in Table A.3.1.

Birth cohort

1997

1996

1995

1994

1993

1992

1991

1990

1989

1988

≤1987

Sum

N females present

25

13

4

6

6

4

6

5

4

3

15

91

N focal females

0

0

0

6

6

4

6

5

4

3

0

34

N solved paternity

24

12

4

6

6

4

5

4

4

3

4

76

Table A.3.2: Solved paternity in group R during the behavioural study in 1997