The Historical Example in 1 Clement

Abstract

While previous research emphasised deliberative rhetoric employed by 1 Clement (van Unnik; Bakke), the current paper offers continued investigation on the function of historical examples as part of its argumentative strategy. The author of 1 Clement addresses the congregation in Corinth with an appeal to let concord and peace be the foundation of their community life, instead of strife and dissension. Illustrative parallels for 1 Clement can be found in contemporary writings by Dio Chrysostom, Aelius Aristides and Plutarch. They argue likewise in favour of concord by giving positive and negative examples from the past that reveal its benefit for household, polis or nation. 1 Clement adapts this widespread rhetoric strategy to expose the devastating role of jealousy for the Corinthian community, both for brotherhood and leadership. In addition, it promotes repentance and righteousness as positive values. Examples from the Greek Bible and from contemporary Christianity are thus fitted into Greek rhetorical tradition to form paradigmatic narratives for fellow Christians. 1 Clement therefore reveals a mode of reference to biblical tradition that is highly influenced by contemporary culture.