The flexibility of the language production system
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Abstract
Die Auswahl eines passenden Wortes aus semantisch verbundenen Wettbewerbern ist eine wesentliche Funktion der Sprachproduktion. Neuere strittige Befunde scheinen traditionellen lexikalischen Selektionsmodellen zu widersprechen. Der swinging lexical network (SLN) Ansatz offeriert eine kompetitiven Bezugsrahmen, der spezifische Voraussetzungen formuliert, unter denen semantische Erleichterungs- als auch Interferenzeffekte in Bildbenennungsparadigmen beobachtet werden können. Diese spezifischen Voraussetzungen betreffen a) die Manipulation eines Trade-offs zwischen konzeptueller Erleichterung und lexikalischer Interferenz, b) das Ausmaß an lexikalischer Kohortenaktivierung und c) die flexible Anpassungsfähigkeit des Sprachproduktionssystems. Die Trade-off-Annahme wurde durch Einflüsse von Assoziationen auf die Benennungslatenz untersucht (Studie 1), wenn Stimuli im kontinuierlichen Benennungsparadigma in einer scheinbar zufälligen Reihenfolge benannt werden. Information über den Einfluss lexikalischer Kohortenaktivierung auf die Wortproduktion wurde durch Manipulation semantischer Distanz und durch Kombination des kontinuierlichen Benennungsparadigmas mit ereignis-korrelierten Potentialen (EKPs) gewonnen (Studie 2). Zur Überprüfung der Flexibilitätsannahme werden Benennungslatenzen von Homophonen mittels Bild-Wort-Interferenzparadigma untersucht, nachdem Versuchspersonen wiederholt linguistische Mehrdeutigkeit verarbeiten haben (Studie 3). Die Ergebnisse zeigen semantische Interferenzeffekte für assoziativ und für eng kategorial verbundene Stimuli im kontinuierlichen Benennungsparadigma (Studie 1 & 2) und Erleichterungseffekte für Homophone im PWI, nachdem das kognitive System sich auf Mehrdeutigkeit adaptiert hatte (Studie 3). Eng kategorial verbundene Stimuli modulierten EKP-Komponenten in der P1, zwischen 250 und 400 ms und im N400-Zeitfenster, welche mit Wortproduktions-prozessen in Verbindung gebracht werden.
The selection of an appropriate word from other meaning-related competitors is a main function of language production. Recent inconclusive findings have casted doubt about traditional lexical selection accounts. The swinging lexical network (SLN) account presents a competitive framework that formulates specific conditions under which semantic facilitation or interference effects can be observed in picture naming paradigms. These specific conditions concern a) the manipulation of the trade-off between conceptual facilitation and lexical interference, b) the extent of lexical cohort activation and c) the flexible nature of the language production system. The trade-off assumption was assessed by investigating the impact of associations on naming latencies in the continuous naming paradigm in which semantically related items are named within a seemingly random sequence (Study 1). Information for the understanding of lexical cohort activation on word production was obtained by manipulating semantic distance in the continuous naming paradigm combined with event-related potentials (ERP; Study 2). Aiming at testing the flexibility assumption, effects of unrelated meaning alternatives of homophones in a picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm were investigated, after participants repeatedly processed linguistic ambiguities (Study 3). Results show semantic interference for associates and for closely related category co-ordinates in the continuous naming paradigm (Study 1 & 2), and facilitation effects for homophone names in the PWI after the cognitive system adapted to the processing of linguistic ambiguities (Study 3). Closely related stimuli modulated ERPs in the P1, between 250 and 400 ms, and in the N400 time window, which are known to be associated with single word naming processes. These results support the SLN model and enhance the understanding of semantic and cognitive factors that shape the microstructure of language production.
The selection of an appropriate word from other meaning-related competitors is a main function of language production. Recent inconclusive findings have casted doubt about traditional lexical selection accounts. The swinging lexical network (SLN) account presents a competitive framework that formulates specific conditions under which semantic facilitation or interference effects can be observed in picture naming paradigms. These specific conditions concern a) the manipulation of the trade-off between conceptual facilitation and lexical interference, b) the extent of lexical cohort activation and c) the flexible nature of the language production system. The trade-off assumption was assessed by investigating the impact of associations on naming latencies in the continuous naming paradigm in which semantically related items are named within a seemingly random sequence (Study 1). Information for the understanding of lexical cohort activation on word production was obtained by manipulating semantic distance in the continuous naming paradigm combined with event-related potentials (ERP; Study 2). Aiming at testing the flexibility assumption, effects of unrelated meaning alternatives of homophones in a picture-word interference (PWI) paradigm were investigated, after participants repeatedly processed linguistic ambiguities (Study 3). Results show semantic interference for associates and for closely related category co-ordinates in the continuous naming paradigm (Study 1 & 2), and facilitation effects for homophone names in the PWI after the cognitive system adapted to the processing of linguistic ambiguities (Study 3). Closely related stimuli modulated ERPs in the P1, between 250 and 400 ms, and in the N400 time window, which are known to be associated with single word naming processes. These results support the SLN model and enhance the understanding of semantic and cognitive factors that shape the microstructure of language production.
Description
Keywords
Sprachproduktion, semantische Interferenz, kontinuierliches Benennungsparadigma, thematische Assoziationen, semantische Distanz, Mehrdeutigkeit, Language production, semantic interference, ambiguity, continous naming paradigm, thematic associations, semantic distance
Dewey Decimal Classification
150 Psychologie
Citation
Rose, Sebastian.(2016). The flexibility of the language production system. 10.18452/17640