Nichtinvasives Optisches Mapping und Spektroskopie zur funktionellen Untersuchung des Gehirns
Authors
Department
Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Collections
Loading...
Abstract
Optische Methoden wie die Erfassung sogenannter instrinsischer Signale am eröffneten Kortex, sowie die nichtinvasive Technik der Nahinfrarot-Spektroskopie (NIRS) ermöglichen die direkte, biochemisch spezifische Erfassung von Veränderungen der zerebralen Hämoglobinoxygenierung sowie der Hämoglobinkonzentration. Während die invasive Messung intrinsischer Signale auf tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen sowie intraoperative Messungen beschränkt ist, bietet die nichtinvasive NIRS die bisher einzigartige Perspektive eines Monitorings dieser Parameter am Krankenbett. Die nichtinvasiven NIRS-Messungen waren allerdings bislang zumeist auf einzelne Messorte begrenzt. Daneben ist der Einfluß bestimmter anatomischer Strukturen sowie die Bedeutung der gemessenen NIRS Parameter im Sinne zugrundeliegender physiologischer Vorgänge im Rahmen der neurovaskulären Kopplung bislang nur unzureichend untersucht. Ziel der voliegenden Untersuchung war es das räumlich-zeitliche Muster von Veränderungen der Blutoxygenierung bei funktioneller Aktivierung des Gehirns nichtinvasiv im Menschen zu erfassen und im Zusammenhang mit den zugrundeliegenden topographisch anatomischen Strukturen zu beschreiben. Mithilfe multilokulärer Messungen sollte die Möglichkeit einer räumlich aufgelösten Messung geprüft werden und damit die Grundlage für die bildgebende Darstellung von Veränderungen der Blutoxygenierung geschaffen werden. Die Möglichkeit der räumlichen Diskrimination der Signale sollte anhand der Aktivierung unterschiedlicher motorischer Kortexareale evaluiert werden. Weiterhin sollte durch den Vergleich der mit der NIRS gemessenen Veränderungen der Blutoxygenierung mit Veränderungen der Blutflußgeschwindigkeit in den entsprechenden hirnversorgenden arteriellen Gefäßen der Einfluß hämodynamischer Veränderungen im Rahmen der neurovaskulären Kopplung auf den Zeitverlauf der an der Hirnoberfläche gemessenen Veränderungen der Blutoxygenierung untersucht werden. Der methodische Ansatz dieser Arbeit beinhaltete die multilokuläre Erfassung von Verän-derungen der Blutoxygenierung mittels NIRS bei Durchführung verschiedener motorischer Aktivierungsparadigma und die Integration der dabei gewonnenen Daten mit dreidimensionalen kernspintomographischen Daten an denselben Probanden, um eine anatomische Zuordnung der NIRS-Daten zu ermöglichen. In einem zweiten Versuchsansatz wurden simultan zur NIRS-Messung Veränderumgen der Blutflußgeschwindigkeit in der Arteria cerebri media mithilfe der transkraniellen Dopplersonographie (TCD) erfaßt. Insgesamt wurden 18 Probanden untersucht, davon wurde bei fünf Probanden mithilfe multilokulärer Messungen ein NIRS-Mapping und bei 13 Probanden eine simultane TCD-NIRS Messung bei funktioneller Aktivierung des Gehirns durchgeführt. Mithilfe des NIRS Mapping konnte ein lokalisierter Anstieg der Blutoxygenierung bei moto-rischer Bewegung von Finger, Fuß und Ellbogen dargestellt werden. Als typisches Muster dieser lokalen Veränderungen zeigte sich ein Anstieg der oxy-Hb Konzentration sowie ein Abfall der deoxy-Hb Konzentration. Durch den Vergleich mit den kernspintomographischen Daten konnte gezeigt werden, daß die gemessenen Veränderungen mit den topographisch-anatomischen Lokali-sationen der mutmaßlich aktivierten Hirnareale entsprechend der bekannten somatotopischen Gliederung des motorischen Kortex übereinstimmten. Dabei waren die Veränderungen der deoxy-Hb Konzentration stärker lokalisiert und wiesen einen engeren topographischen Bezug zu den aktivierten Hirnstrukturen auf als die Veränderungen der oxy-Hb Konzentration. In der simultanen TCD-NIRS Messung konnte ein enger Zusammenhang zwischen Ver-änderungen der Blutoxygenierung und den Veränderungen der Blutflußgeschwindigkeit in der dieses Gebiet versorgenden Arteria cerebri media gezeigt werden. Es zeigte sich, daß Veränderungen der deoxy-Hb Konzentration linear, Veränderungen der oxy-Hb Konzentration jedoch nichtlinear mit der Blutflußgeschwindigkeit korrelierten. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen lassen die Schlußfolgerung zu, daß mithilfe multilokulärer NIRS-Technik die Untersuchung des räumlichen und zeitlichen Verlaufes von Veränderungen der Blutoxygenierung und damit eine nichtinvasive bildgebende Erfassung von Veränderungen der zerebralen Oxygenierung analog des invasiven optischen Imaging am offenen Kortex prinzipiell möglich ist. Außerdem konnte die Kombination von NIRS und TCD als einem neuen Instrument zur gleichzeitigen nichtinvasiven Erfassung von Hämodynamik großer hirnzuführender Arterien und zur Messung der Hämoglobinoxygenierung im davon abhängigen Gefäßterritorium etabliert werden.
Modern neuroimaging techniques like PET and fMRI use signals based on changes in blood flow, blood oxygenation and oxygen metabolism associated with neurovascular coupling to map brain function. Optical techniques provide measurements of changes in blood oxygenation with high biochemical specifity as well as othe important parameters like cytochrome oxidase and light scattering which may be directly related to neuronal activity. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals from exposed brain tissue in animals and intraoperatively in humans permit the assessment of brain activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. In recent years using the transcranial approach of near infrared spectrscopy noninvasive assessment of brain activity through the intact skull in humans has become possible. However due to technical difficulties and the complex photon migration pattern of light in the tissue the measurements have a low spatial resolution and have only be used for spectroscopic measurements from single measurement sites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the conventional noninvasive technique of Near infrared spectroscopy can be used to map the spatiao-temporal pattern of functional active areas in the human brain. Using a multilocal measurement approach was measured and characterized the spatio-temporal pattern of changes in [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] during functional activation of the motor cortex in five subjects. The signals were used to recontruct maps and images and the spatial pattern of changes in oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb concetration was described in relation to the underlying brain structures in combination with 3D MRI in the same subject. The somatotopic organisation of the motor cortex was used to evaluate the possibility to discriminate between the spatial localization of distinct cortical areas activated along the motor cortex during finger, ellbow and foot movement. It was furthermore tested whether transcranial measurements of changes in blood oxygenation measured with NIRS reflect a specific functional response due to neurovascular coupling and the relationship between changes in hemoglobin oxygenation over the activated cortical area and changes in blood flow velocity in the supplying artery was described was described in 13 additional subjects during performance of a ipsi- and contralateral finger movement task. Using multilocal NIRS mapping is was found that functional activation is associated with a localised increase in hemoglobin oxygenation. The typical response was an increase in [oxy-Hb] and a decrease in [deoxy-Hb]. These changes colocalise topographically with the underlying activated cortical region and follow the somatotpoic organisation of the motor cortex. However changes in [deoxy-Hb] seem to be more localised and demonstrate a closer topographical relationship to the respective activated area than changes in [oxy-Hb]. Simultanous TCD-NIRS measurements demonstrated a similar time course for changes in hemoglobinoxygenation and changes in blood flow velocity. A close correlation was found between the increase in blood flow velocity and the increase in [oxy-Hb] and [total-Hb] and the decrease in [deoxy-Hb]. Changes in [deoxy-Hb] showed a linear and changes in [oxy-Hb] a nonlinear relationship with changes in CBFV. The present study demonstrates that multilocal NIRS measurements can be used to map the spatio-temporal pattern of functional active areas in the human brain. Similar to the invasive optical imaging on the exposed cortex functional imaging with NIRS seems to be potentially possible however with low spatial resolution. Changes in hemoglobinoxygenation reflect a specific functional response associated with hemodynamic mechanism of neurovascular coupling. Simultaneous TCD-NIRS measurements provide a noninvasive intruments for multimodal assessment of hemodynamic changes and changes in hemoglobinoxygenation during functional activation of the human brain. With further technical development of the technique of near infrared spectroscopy has the potentail of a new and noninvasive and flexible functional imaging technique at the bedside and can shed further light on the physiological basisi of functional imaging signals based on blood oxygenation.
Modern neuroimaging techniques like PET and fMRI use signals based on changes in blood flow, blood oxygenation and oxygen metabolism associated with neurovascular coupling to map brain function. Optical techniques provide measurements of changes in blood oxygenation with high biochemical specifity as well as othe important parameters like cytochrome oxidase and light scattering which may be directly related to neuronal activity. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals from exposed brain tissue in animals and intraoperatively in humans permit the assessment of brain activity with high spatial and temporal resolution. In recent years using the transcranial approach of near infrared spectrscopy noninvasive assessment of brain activity through the intact skull in humans has become possible. However due to technical difficulties and the complex photon migration pattern of light in the tissue the measurements have a low spatial resolution and have only be used for spectroscopic measurements from single measurement sites. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the conventional noninvasive technique of Near infrared spectroscopy can be used to map the spatiao-temporal pattern of functional active areas in the human brain. Using a multilocal measurement approach was measured and characterized the spatio-temporal pattern of changes in [oxy-Hb] and [deoxy-Hb] during functional activation of the motor cortex in five subjects. The signals were used to recontruct maps and images and the spatial pattern of changes in oxy-Hb and deoxy-Hb concetration was described in relation to the underlying brain structures in combination with 3D MRI in the same subject. The somatotopic organisation of the motor cortex was used to evaluate the possibility to discriminate between the spatial localization of distinct cortical areas activated along the motor cortex during finger, ellbow and foot movement. It was furthermore tested whether transcranial measurements of changes in blood oxygenation measured with NIRS reflect a specific functional response due to neurovascular coupling and the relationship between changes in hemoglobin oxygenation over the activated cortical area and changes in blood flow velocity in the supplying artery was described was described in 13 additional subjects during performance of a ipsi- and contralateral finger movement task. Using multilocal NIRS mapping is was found that functional activation is associated with a localised increase in hemoglobin oxygenation. The typical response was an increase in [oxy-Hb] and a decrease in [deoxy-Hb]. These changes colocalise topographically with the underlying activated cortical region and follow the somatotpoic organisation of the motor cortex. However changes in [deoxy-Hb] seem to be more localised and demonstrate a closer topographical relationship to the respective activated area than changes in [oxy-Hb]. Simultanous TCD-NIRS measurements demonstrated a similar time course for changes in hemoglobinoxygenation and changes in blood flow velocity. A close correlation was found between the increase in blood flow velocity and the increase in [oxy-Hb] and [total-Hb] and the decrease in [deoxy-Hb]. Changes in [deoxy-Hb] showed a linear and changes in [oxy-Hb] a nonlinear relationship with changes in CBFV. The present study demonstrates that multilocal NIRS measurements can be used to map the spatio-temporal pattern of functional active areas in the human brain. Similar to the invasive optical imaging on the exposed cortex functional imaging with NIRS seems to be potentially possible however with low spatial resolution. Changes in hemoglobinoxygenation reflect a specific functional response associated with hemodynamic mechanism of neurovascular coupling. Simultaneous TCD-NIRS measurements provide a noninvasive intruments for multimodal assessment of hemodynamic changes and changes in hemoglobinoxygenation during functional activation of the human brain. With further technical development of the technique of near infrared spectroscopy has the potentail of a new and noninvasive and flexible functional imaging technique at the bedside and can shed further light on the physiological basisi of functional imaging signals based on blood oxygenation.
Description
Keywords
Dewey Decimal Classification
610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Citation
Hirth, Christina.(1999). Nichtinvasives Optisches Mapping und Spektroskopie zur funktionellen Untersuchung des Gehirns. 10.18452/14408.2
Versions
You are currently viewing version 2 of the publication.1 - 1 of 1
Version | Date | Summary |
---|---|---|
2* | 2023-11-01 14:21:19 | Persönliche Daten aus PDF-Datei entfernt |